EUROMOT. Recommendation for emission limit values and definition of stationary engines. Angers, 02 October Panagiotis Daskalopoulos, Euromot

Transcription

1 EUROMOT - Recommendation for emission limit values and definition of stationary engines Angers, 02 October 2007 Panagiotis Daskalopoulos, Euromot Panagiotis.Daskalopoulos@vdma.org Tel: +49 (0) /20 EUROMOT

2 Stationary engine strengths + definition Fuel infrastructure is varying around the world: Stationary engine fuel flexible: diesel/heavy/crude oils, emulsified fuel oil, natural gas, biofuels (gas and oils) Optimal matching at different loadings (in US used for grid stabilization purposes ):. Fast load response and good load following characteristics. High thermal efficiency and thus low specific CO 2 emissions. Compact (can be close to end user, very suitable for CHP) Easy maintenance and robust design Low water consumption /20 2

3 What is a stationary engine? (1) /20

4 What is a stationary engine? (2) /20

5 What is a stationary engine? (3) /20

6 Main concerns based on current limits for stationary engines in Annex V The current NOx ELVs do not take the varying local conditions into account. The Technical Annexes should symbolise minimum requirements so that every UNECE member state can fulfil these limits and can ratify the Gothenburg Protocol. Stipulated limits are not according to the new trend to improve energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy in the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol. E.g. Given NOx values for a SG => lower efficiency => higher fuel consumption => more CO 2. The emission values for new stationary engines are technically and economically not sound; beyond BAT (Best Available Technique) approach). Starting from small diesel engines (> 5 MWth) have to use costly and sensitive (to fuel impurities) SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) in order to reach the stipulated NOx-value, while other competing prime movers (> 50 MWth) can largely manage with low-cost NOx-reduction primary methods /20 6

7 Possibilities vs necessities Stationary engines are predestinated for co-generation (CHP, as described in LCP BREF, page 351, chapter 6.1.8) Efficiency up to 90% (!!!) Low NOx values will make necessary: Ł FGD: Flue gas desulphurisation Ł ESP: Electrostatic precipitator Ł SCR: Selective catalytic reduction Countries with low invest possibilities will will not be able to realise this, now Therefore: introduction of minimum Requirements as base /20

8 Recommendation for NOx emission limit values for stationary engines Based on cost-effective, environmental quality needs aspects WB/IFC Guidelines via Equator Principles in practise the minimum rule in international power plant projects. Used also by OECD, etc. Reference: Worldbank General EHS Guidelines 2007 (3-50 MWth) Emission Engine PM mg/nm 3 15%O 2 SO 2 Liquid * 1,5-3%* Gas N/A N/A NOx mg/nm 3 15%O 2 Bore <400mm: ** Bore >400mm: 1850 SG: 200 DF: 400 GD: 1600 *If justified by project specific justifications (economic feasibility, environmental capacity of site) **If justified to maintain high energy efficiency ***Higher performance levels should be applied to facilities in urban/industrial areas with degraded airshed or close to ecologically sensitive areas /20 8

9 Recommendation for NOx emission limit values for stationary engines - Comparison Worldbank EHS Guideline Finish proposal Emission Engine PM mg/nm 3 15%O 2 SO 2 Liquid * 1,5-3%* Gas N/A N/A NOx mg/nm 3 15%O 2 Bore <400mm: ** Bore >400mm: 1850 SG: 200 DF: 400 GD: 1600 NO x mg/nm 3 (at 15% O 2 ) Technology Special area (e.g. city) Rural area Oil fired diesel engine (CI) < 400 mm bore >= 400 mm bore Spark Ignition 4-stroke natural gas lean burn engine High Pressure gas diesel engine natural gas mode Low pressure Dual fuel engine - natural gas mode Dual fuel engine - liquid mode /20 9

10 Limits to be cost-effective: cost benefit balance: LCD BREF page 13, chapter (Contributions of emissions from different LCP categories to the total air emissions from IPPC installations operating in EU-15 in 2001). Implementation of strict NOx-limits on engines will not largely enhance the overall air quality NOT BAT! LCP Directive 2001/80/EC says in article 2, page 3: Plants powered by diesel, petrol and gas engines shall not be covered by this Directive. Gas turbine and Low NOx values: LCP BREF states in chapter , page 346: Diesel oil, when used as a fuel in modern gas turbines, needs to be treated... HFO fired engines can NOT be compared to GTs! /

11 Conclusions Do not compare apples and oranges (unit sizes and fuel to be comparable) Consider every prime mover technique equitably based on an cost effective environment driven approach. An IPPC approach is preferable: NOx-level versus CO 2, water consumption, etc. Emission bonuses should be granted for power plants with a high efficiency, in mechanical drive applications and/or engines fired with biofuels ( Kyoto spirit ) Consider local conditions and infrastructures (not only in old EU and North America, but in the whole UNECE area. Support the political progress in the Gothenburg Protocol in order to fulfil a technical base in form of emission limit values so that all UNECE countries can ratify the Protocol. Make clear that minimum requirements (like Worldbank EHS Guideline) are a first step -> more stringent limits can be applied if possible. NEXT STEPS: EGTEI and EUROMOT will organise an expert meeting for stationary engines in beginning 2008 (Frankfurt). Experts are welcome to participate Target: common position for the review of the technical annexes and revised cost-effective ELVs for stationary engines /