Refining Fitness Check Concawe Step 2 data Highlights

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR THE EUROPEAN REFINING INDUSTRY Refining Fitness Check Concawe Step 2 data Highlights Concawe Symposium Brussels 24 February 2015 C. Caiado, Research Associate

2 Concawe data collection Concawe questionnaire was based on data requested by JRC 1. IPPC* and LCPD** sheet Data requested for every year from 1998 to 2012 Total annual CAPEX in K for air emissions abatement Total annual CAPEX in K for water emissions abatement Indicate whether CAPEX and/or OPEX were incurred for selected emission abatement measures 45 responses required Choice between Yes, No, Data Unavailable, Not Applicable Total of 705 cell entries for each refinery! *IPPC: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ** LCPD: Large Combustion Plants Directive Concawe Symposium, 24 February

3 IPPC-LCPD sheet Concawe Symposium, 24 February

4 Concawe data collection 2. RED sheet Data requested for every year from 1998 to 2012 Total annual CAPEX in K for biofuels infrastructure On-site (within refinery fenceline) Off-site depots Itemised by type of biofuel: BioMethanol BioEthanol BioMTBE BioETBE BioDiesel Other Total of 90 cell entries for the refinery s on-site CAPEX, plus 90 cell entries for each off-site depot Concawe Symposium, 24 February

5 RED sheet Concawe Symposium, 24 February

6 Aggregation Groups (Solomon methodology) EU-28 EU-15 EU-13 Nine Geographical Regions Petrochemical Integrated Sites Five Complexity Groups: Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data 1 x Hydroskimming + Thermal group 4 x Gas Oil Conversion (GOC) groups defined by Complexity Factor 67 refineries responded to the questionnaire Concawe Symposium, 24 February

7 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Refineries 95 mainstream refineries operating in 1998, dropping to 85 in Mainstream refineries operating in September 2014 Concawe Symposium, 24 February

Number of Operating Refineries Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Refinery Complexity Groups 100 90 80 70 60 10 10 11 11 14 14 14 14 18 18 22 22 23 16 16 18 18 19 19 23 23 20 20 17 17 19 19 14

8 Number of Operating Refineries Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Refinery Complexity Groups Closures per complexity group C, 2 D, 1 HS, A, Since 2012: > 2 closures (A and HS Groups) > 1 closure (A Group) HS A B C D Refineries have become more complex Note: Cartagena refinery as an D refinery from 2008 to 2011 Concawe Symposium, 24 February

9 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Air & Water Emission Abatement Measures Million Euros EU-28 Average CAPEX per Responding Refinery IPPC and LCPD implementation for existing installations 2007 and 2008 respectively Air emissions Water emissions Total of 4.7 Billion EUR CAPEX from 1998 to 2012 Increase in CAPEX intensity after 2006: On average, each responding refinery invested 6.8 MEUR per year since % of the investments were in air abatement measures Concawe Symposium, 24 February

10 Annual CAPEX per Complexity Group / Total annual CAPEX (%) Total CAPEX invested MEUR/year Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Air & Water Emissions Abatement Measures Annual CAPEX per Complexity Group Complexity group D registered the biggest amount of Capex across the entire period (39% of Total Capex) 0 HS A B C D Complexity group HS was the least Capex intensive Note: Cartagena refinery as a D complexity type refinery from 2008 to 2011 HS A B C D Concawe Symposium, 24 February

Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Air & Water Emissions Abatement

OF CAPEX RESPONSES % OF OPEX RESPONSES VOCs 9% CO 2% CO 14% Water

Emissions 19% Dust and Metals 12% Nox 2% More than 60% of these positive

11 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Air & Water Emissions Abatement Measures CAPEX & OPEX: Positive responses for costs in a given category % OF CAPEX RESPONSES % OF OPEX RESPONSES VOCs 9% CO 2% CO 14% Water Emissions 26% SOx Emissions 36% VOCs 22% Sox 50% Dust and Metals 8% NOx Emissions 19% Dust and Metals 12% Nox 2% More than 60% of these positive responses were for costs incurred in the period Concawe Symposium, 24 February

12 % of refineries responding "YES" Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Air Emission Abatement Measures SOx emissions abatement measures incurring annual CAPEX and/or OPEX SOx reducing catalyst additives Use of low sulphur feedstock OPEX (FCC) Use of low sulphur feedstock CAPEX (FCC) Use of gas to replace liquid fuel Amine treatment of refinery fuel gas (RFG) Use of low sulphur refinery fuel oil (RFO) Acid gas removal e.g. by amine treating Sulphur recovery units (SRU) Tail gas treatment unit (TGTU) Average Average Concawe Symposium, 24 February

13 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data % of refineries responding "YES" EU-28 Air Emission Abatement Measures NOx emissions abatement measures incurring annual CAPEX and/or OPEX Air and/or fuel staging Flue-gas recirculation Use of low-nox burners (LNB) Average Average % of responding refineries who reported costs in the given category Specific additives for NOx reduction Other less used abatement measures include: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) FCC Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) (FCC/Calcining unit/comb. Units) Air and/or fuel staging Flue-gas recirculation Diluent injection Use of low-nox burners (LNB) Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) (comb. Units) Low temperature NOx oxidation (using ozone) (Comb units/fcc) SNOx combined technique Specific additives for NOx reduction Concawe Symposium, 24 February

14 % of refineries responding "YES" Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Air Emission Abatement Measures CO, Dust or VOCs emissions abatement measures incurring annual CAPEX and/or OPEX Other less implemented abatement measures include: Carbon monoxide (CO) boiler Third stage blowback filter (FCC) Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) (combustion unit) Centrifugal washers 0 Catalysts with CO oxidation promoters Use of an attritionresistant catalyst Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) FCC Multistage cyclone separators FCC Vapour recovery by condensation, absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, or hybrid systems Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programmes Average Average Concawe Symposium, 24 February

15 % of refineries responding "YES" Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data EU-28 Water Emissions Abatement Measures Waste water treatments incurring annual CAPEX Primary water treatment covers and treatment of offgases Average Average Secondary water treatment Concawe Symposium, 24 February

16 Million Euros per responding refinery Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Renewable Energy Directive (Biofuels) Additional Storage Capacity and Infrastructure EU-28 Average CAPEX per Refinery (including off-site depots) 1.5 * Simple average of total reported cost divided by 67 responding refineries /28/EC (RED) Dec Concawe Symposium, 24 February

biomethanol biomtbe bioetbe Other (On site) biodiesel bioethanol Depots: bioethanol Depots: biodiesel Million Euro Renewable Energy Directive (Biofuels)

4% 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 15.9% 0.4% 29.8% biomethanol bioetbe biodiesel Depots: bioethanol 39.

17 biomethanol biomtbe bioetbe Other (On site) biodiesel bioethanol Depots: bioethanol Depots: biodiesel Million Euro Renewable Energy Directive (Biofuels) Additional Storage Capacity and Infrastructure Total CAPEX per type of Investment Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data % 6.1% 3.4% % 0.4% 29.8% biomethanol bioetbe biodiesel Depots: bioethanol 39.9% biomtbe Other (On site) bioethanol Depots: biodiesel Total of 470 Million EUR invested since % of the investments were in biodiesel and bioethanol on-site facilities Concawe Symposium, 24 February

18 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data CONCLUSIONS 95 refineries operating in 1998 dropping to 82 in 2014 Refineries have become more complex in the last years 4.7 Billion EUR of capital expenditure in Air & Water emissions abatement measures ( ) Largest share of the investments took place after 2006 (when relevant regulation for the sector came into force) 82% of the reported Capex was in Air abatement measures Investments related to SOx emissions were the most widely implemented Biofuels infrastructure projects followed the trend of increasing Capex after 2006 Total of MEUR invested in biofuels infrastructure since % of the investments were in biodiesel and bioethanol on-site facilities Concawe Symposium, 24 February

19 Refining Fitness Check: Step 2 data Thank You! Questions? Concawe Symposium, 24 February

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