Nonroad Pilot Program in EPA Region 7 CRC (E-70) Update for CRC Real-World Committee January 23, 2008

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1 Nonroad Pilot Program in EPA Region 7 CRC (E-70) Update for CRC Real-World Committee January 23, 2008 Carl Fulper, James Warila, & Connie Hart USEPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan

2 Project is Underway First Project under Multi-Year contract: National Deployment of PEMS/PAMS Contractors Prime contractor: Eastern Research Group Sub-contractors Desert Research Institute ETI Professionals NuStats Partners Sensors, Inc. Sierra Research, Inc. Southern Research Institute West Virginia University 2

3 Outline Objectives Scope Methods Recruitment Procedure Equipment Selection Preliminary Results Next Steps

4 Objectives Methods and technology development Develop and integrate portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) measure gaseous emissions, aggregate PM and continuous PM ruggedize instrumentation to withstand offroad environment Conform to 40 CFR 1065 Develop instrumentation to measure activity/usage Cover long time periods Resolve fine time scales Sample design and recruitment Apply rigorous sample design Explore ways to develop rapport with participants Reduce burden of participation Emissions Inventory Development Populations, Activity, Emissions 4

5 Scope Study Area: EPA Region 7 (NE, IA, MO, KS) Field work in five pre-selected counties Population: Equipment used by Construction establishments Core Sample Target emissions measurement (25 pieces) activity measurement (25 pieces) Additional Sample (supported by CRC) emissions measurement (8 pieces) activity measurement (8 pieces) MSOffice1 5

6 Slide 5 MSOffice1 do we need to modify anything about the additional sample?, 9/4/2007

7 Progress to Date First county (June-July 2007) Field trial Emissions measurement Target: 5 pieces Successful: 2 pieces Second/third Counties (Sep-Oct 2007) Emissions Measurement Applied new proportional sampling algorithm Target: 10 pieces Successful: 8 pieces Unable to access Electronic Control Units Activity Measurement Target: 10 pieces Attempted: 11 pieces CRADA signed Allows transfer of funds

8 Methods & Equipment Constituent Continuous CO 2, CO, HC, NO, NO 2 Aggregate PM Continuous PM Fuel Properties Metals in Oil Operating Parameters Usage/Activity Method PEMS (SEMTECH-DS) Gravimetric filter (47mm teflon) Carousel Quartz-Crystal Microbalance (CQCM) Sampling and Analysis Sampling and Analysis Engine speed (CAN if available) On/Off + date/time Engine speed Measurement Period Appr. 8 hours Appr. 8 hours Appr. 8 hours Appr. 8 hours Appr. one month 7

9 Instrumentation: PEMS System in use SEMTECH DS MPS (Micro-proportional Sampler) Multiple Flowmeters (Different sizes as needed: 2.5, 3, 4 & 5 ) 47 mm PM Filters (3 filters heated to CFR 1065 specs) Engine speed device Quartz-crystal microbalance Currently NOT planning to include Heavy-duty In-use program takes precedence for equipment availability and scheduling Redesign of equipment rack not feasible» QCM requires double-dilution

10 Instrumentation in Mounting Rack Exhaust Flow Device MPS Unit Master Flow Controller Semtech-DS Filter PM Unit CQCM Location

11 MPS Unit Instrumentation in Mounting Rack Backup Battery Filter PM Unit Weather Probe Semtech-DS

12 Instrumentation: PAMS ERG has worked with two PAMS: Corsa Isaac (preferred) ERG tested two RPM measurement devices: Magnetic Optical (preferred)

13 PAMS Isaac Instrumentation PAMS Corsa Instrumentation

14 Recruitment Procedure Ownership Interview 1) Screening - Verify identity of firm - Verify business activity 2) Eligibility - Verify Equipment Use - verify role as prime contractor Equipment Inventory List available equipment on site - Type - Manufacturer - MY - usage patterns $ incentive to half of respondents Equipment Selection Stratify by -Size - lifetime usage Instrumentation - PEMS: measure emissions over 8 hours AND/OR - PAMS: measure activity over one month - Collect fuel and oil samples 13

15 Equipment Selection In selecting equipment, we want to: (1) sample randomly, AND (2) favor large equipment that is used a lot Compromise solution: stratified sampling by size and usage Size: small = rated at 100 hp large = rated at >100 hp unknown Usage: low = 500 or fewer hr/yr (lifetime average) high = more than 500 hr/yr unknown Resulting combinations: LgHi, LgLo, SmHi, SmLo, and unknown In sampling, we assign relative weights to pieces by combination Size Large Small Unknown Usage High Low Unknown

16 Site Inventory: an example Mfr Model MY HP Hour Meter PAMS PEMS Hyster C330A ,587 Y N Blaw-Knox PF Unk Y N Bomag BW120 AD Unk Y N Blaw-Knox PF410 Unk 105 locked Y N Hyster C830B Unk 107 4,211 Y N Hyster C340C Unk Y Y Blaw-Knox PF unk 3,215 Y Y Deere 550H locked Y Y Case 570LXT locked Y Y Caterpillar 130G Unk 135 locked Y Y

17 Emissions Measurement Counties 2 and 3 Date Type Mfr Model MY rated HP Hour meter Life-time Usage (hr/yr) Enginespeed Acquired Data? Gaseous PM 9/18/2007 Crawler Dozer Cat D4CXL , N Y Y 9/27/2007 Track dozer Cat D6RXL , Y Y Y 9/28/2007 Wheel Loader Deere 544H ,637 1,659 Y Y Y 10/2/2007 Excavator Cat 325D ,261 1,261 N Y Y 10/11/2007 Well Driller Cummins 4B-3.9 unk 76 4,230 N Y Y 10/15/2007 Forklift Truck Cat TH , Y Y Y 10/24/2007 Backhoe Case 570 LXT locked Y Y Y 10/27/2007 Crawler Dozer Deere 550H locked Y Y Y

18 Preliminary Results: Gaseous Emissions Fuel-specific Rates Date Type Mfr Model CO 2 CO THC NO NO 2 NO x (kg/gal) (g/gal) (g/gal) (g/gal) (g/gal) (g/gal) 9/18/2007 Crawler Dozer Cat D4CXL /11/2007 Well Driller Cummins 4B /15/2007 Forklift Truck Cat TH /24/2007 Backhoe Case 570 LXT /27/2007 Crawler Dozer Deere 550H Note: these results subject to revision

19 PEMS Installed Dozer, MY 1999 Deere 550H

20 Preliminary Results: Particulate Matter Dozer (MY 1999 Deere 550H) Period Morning filter time (min) mass (mg) fuel volume (gal) Note: these results subject to revision rate (mg/gal) Afternoon time (min) mass (mg) fuel volume (gal) rate (mg/gal)

21 Activity Measurement Counties 2 and 3 Equip Type Mfr Model PAMS On PAMS Off Calendar Days Roller Compactor Hyster C340C 9/10/ /24/07 44 Wheel Loader Cat 962G 9/14/2007 9/20/07 6 Fork Truck Lull 644B-42 9/11/ /29/07 48 Forklift Case 586D 9/12/ /25/07 43 Crane Grove RT640C 9/13/ /12/07 29 Forklift Truck Ingersoll Rand VR-90B 9/19/ /26/07 37 Fork Truck Skytrak /15/ /29/07 44 Crawler Dozer Cat D4CXL 9/16/ /25/07 39 Wheel Loader Case 480FLL 9/16/ /25/07 39 Backhoe Case 580 SL 9/17/ /29/07 42 Backhoe Case 580 SM 9/17/ /29/07 42

22 Proportional exhaust sampling, with Engine Speed Example from County 1 MPS Proportionality y = x R 2 = MPS Sample flow, sccm RPM Exhaust Flowrate, kg/h

23 Proportional exhaust sampling: example from counties 2/3 (Dozer, Deere 550H) MPS Sample Flow, sccm 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, y = x R 2 = Exhaust Flow (kg/hr)

24 Next Steps: plans for final counties Counties 4 and 5 Field work in spring/summer 2008 Identify new Engine-speed device Quick to install (for PEMS/PAMS) Reliable Access Electronic Control Units Standard protocols not available Select one manufacturer Acquire commercial hardware, software Measure CRC sample Additional eight pieces for emissions, activity CRADA has been signed

Nonroad Pilot Program in EPA Region 7 (E-70) MECA October 3, 2007

Nonroad Pilot Program in EPA Region 7 (E-7) MECA October 3, 27 Carl Fulper, James Warila, & Connie Hart USEPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan Objectives 2 Methods and