AEROSHELL TURBINE ENGINE OILS

Transcription

1 AEROSHELL TURBINE ENGINE OILS Shell Aviation 1

2 LET S TALK We want to understand your needs and how we can meet them tell you about the AeroShell brand propose a tailored solution which adds value to your operation and helps to reduce costs 2

3 HELP US UNDERSTAND YOUR NEEDS AND CONCERNS 3

4 AEROSHELL INNOVATION IN A CHANGING WORLD We need to control rising operating costs We do not want large inventories for our mixed fleet We need a distribution network that fits our operations We need approved oils for our existing and future fleet We need longer on-wing engine life and lower maintenance costs 4

5 NEED 1: REDUCED OPERATING COSTS Are your operating costs unnecessarily high? Poorly performing oils can lead to leaks and high oil consumption an unnecessary maintenance burden reduced engine efficiency 5

6 NEED 2: REDUCED MAINTENANCE BURDEN Do you spend too much time and money on maintenance? Oils that form coke at high temperatures or cause sealcompatibility issues can lead to an excessive maintenance burden Low coking, elastomer friendly oils can mean cleaner engines for easier boroscope inspections and problem identification 6

7 NEED 3: WIDE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Can you guarantee to have the right lubricants where and when you need them? Do you have local support in aircraft-on-ground situations? Are your logistics and inventory costs too high? 7

8 The complete conversion of Saudi Arabian Airlines to ASTO 560 and ASTO 500 has been very satisfactory, without any oil-related issues. We are delighted with the level of service and technical support from Shell Aviation and its distributor SOOM Oil. Ghassan A Sadeg, Director, Aircraft Engineering, Saudi Aerospace Engineering Industries, Saudi Arabia

9 OTHER NEEDS Tell us about your other requirements? 9

10 THE AEROSHELL BRAND 10

11 RELIABILITY, PARTNERSHIP AND HERITAGE The Shell Pecten is one of the world s most recognised logos In a recent survey, customers revealed their primary reasons for choosing Shell Aviation products and services as Reliability Partnership Heritage If you see the Pecten, you can be sure that you are in safe hands 11

12 PIONEERING TURBINE ENGINE OIL TECHNOLOGY ASTO 300 a 3-cSt MIL spec. TEO, followed by ASTO 308 a 3-cSt MIL-L-7808A approved oil ASTO 390 a 3-cSt Def Stan approved oil for turbojet engines/apu ASTO 750 a 7.5-cSt Def Stan approved for turboprop engines 1940: Shell scientists assist Frank Whittle to develop the jet engine Early 1984: Commercialisation of ASTO 560, a thirdgeneration, 5-cSt TEO, fully approved to MIL-PRF HTS Early 1960: Development of a 5-cSt oil ASTO 505, the second oil to be approved to MIL-L-23699A 1964: Launch of ASTO cSt oil MIL-L-23699A approved Excellent thermal stability compared with diesters Improved load-carrying capacity 1967: Development and approval of ASTO 555 for the Rolls-Royce Olympus engines (Concorde) 2007: World s first new TEO approved to the SAE 5780A HPC specification 12

13 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT We are focussed on TEOs and have invested US$25 million over 10 years in research and development have established an AeroShell research and development facility in Westhollow, Houston, USA continue to invest over US$4 million every year 13

14 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE HTS/HPC AeroShell Ascender BP 2197 MJO 254* MJO 387 HTS/SPC ASTO 560 NA NA STD/SPC ASTO 500 BP 2380 MJO II *Still commercially available but not actively marketed as HPC oil 14

15 TECHNOLOGY THAT MEETS YOUR NEEDS 15

16 TURBINE INLET TEMP (K) THE GROWING NEED FOR HIGHER STABILITY OILS A320 A B JT9D RB211-22B V2500 PW2000 CF6-50A CFM-56 RB Trent GE90 A310 GENx 1200 Spey JT8D B Blade cooling Oil consumption: 0.6 qt/h* 0.01 qt/h *Quarter of gallon per flying hour 16

17 EFFICIENCY MEANS LARGER AND HOTTER ENGINES Increasing cycle efficiency from higher compression ratios higher turbine inlet temperatures Engines are getting hotter Increasing propulsive efficiency leads to higher by-pass and bigger fans, with larger shaft loads Engine fans are getting bigger Desire to reduce the oil system size Less oil means that it needs to work harder and have a higher heat capacity to reduce bearing temperatures 17

18 Qt per flight hour OIL CONSUMPTION HAS DECREASED Oil consumption reference 0.8 PWJT PWJT3 PW4000 CFM56 Leap PWC307 PW CFM Leap 0.10 PWC

19 CAN YOUR OIL COPE WITH HOTTER AND HIGHER PRESSURE CONDITIONS? TEOs need to be performing in increasingly extreme environments Second-generation oils are becoming less suitable for newer engines with higher operating temperatures and pressures To meet the needs of the latest and future engines, we developed ASTO 500 for classic engines ASTO 560 third-generation oil AeroShell Ascender nextgeneration oil AeroShell Ascender has set new performance standards for TEOs 19

20 CUTTING COSTS BY EXTENDING COMPONENT LIFE The need for better load-carrying capability 20

21 EXTENDING COMPONENT LIFE If an oil film fails, it is unable to hold components apart and metalto-metal contact can result in damaging wear This can lead to excessive parts replacement costs 21

22 REDUCING THE NEED FOR UNSCHEDULED OIL DRAINS The need for enhanced oxidation stability 22

23 REDUCING THE NEED FOR UNSCHEDULED OIL DRAINS If an oil breaks down prematurely by oxidising or thermal degradation, it may be unable to perform adequately The oil may thicken and form acids and sludge Degraded oil may need to be changed and acids can corrode gears and bearings Sludge can block oil scavenge tubes, resulting in fires 23

24 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY The need for lower coking propensity 24

25 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY Oil at high temperatures can form coke, which can block oil filters and ducts, causing frequent filter replacement engine fires bearing failures 25

26 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY What coking could cost you a theoretical example Standard oils in V2500 engines can lead to coking around the No. 5 bearing Service bulletin V2500-ENG requires around 9 hours of inspection every 6,000 hours of operation If cleaning is needed, an extra 12 work hours per engine is required If the components cannot be cleaned, replacement costs are about $6,000 per engine* *Estimated and dependant on prevalent rates 26

27 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY What coking could cost you a theoretical example (continued) If an operator of 20 Airbus A320 aircraft uses a standard oil and has a history of No. 5 bearing problems inspection and cleaning at $85/h would cost approximately $40,000 per 6,000 h If 10% of the engines need new parts this could cost an additional $32,000 Switching to a low-coking oil could save the operator $ 72,000 per 6,000 h flight time 27

28 LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION The need for enhanced elastomer seal compatibility and reduced evaporation losses 28

29 LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION Some oils cause elastomer seal degradation, which can cause leaks leading to high overhaul costs carbon deposition oil consumption Examples of elastomer seal degradation with a competitor s TEO in a GE CF34-3 Seal case Elastomer Spring 29

30 ASTO

31 THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR CLASSIC ENGINES ASTO 500 is a 5-cSt, hindered ester, synthetic oil incorporating a carefully selected and balanced combination of additives to improve thermal and oxidation stability and metal passivation It was developed to meet the requirements of Pratt & Whitney 521 Type II and MIL-PRF specifications and is entirely suitable for all civil and military engines requiring this class of lubricant ASTO 500 is approved for civil and military use: MIL-PRF Standard SAE AS 5780 SPC DEF STAN Grade OX-27 31

32 In 2012, we converted our entire fleet to ASTO 500. It has been a good decision from technical, logistics and costsaving perspectives. Fermin Tirado Gallego, Director, technical area (maintenance and engineering), Air Nostrum, Spain

33 OEM APPROVALS Honeywell GTCP 30, 36, 85, 331, 660 and 700 series APUs Rolls Royce USA 250 Series, 501 D13, T56, GMA 2100, GMA 3007 BMW-Rolls-Royce GE Motorlet Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney Canada Rolls-Royce Honeywell Turbomeca BR710 GE90, CF6, CT58, CF700, CJ610, CJ805, CF34, CT7, CT64 M601D, E and Z JT3, JT4, JT8, JT9, PW4000, JT12 JT15, PT6A, PT6T, ST6, PW100, PW200, Series Tay, Gnome, Spey, RB183, Adour, M45H, Viper ALF 502, ALF 507, LTS 101, LTP 101, T53, T55, AL5512 Artouste, Larzac, Makila, Arriel, RTM322, TM391, TM333 33

34 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES COMPARISON ASTO 500 Mobil Jet Oil II BPTO 2380 Kinematic viscosity, cst at 100 C at 40 C at 40 C , , ,950 TAN, mg/koh/gm Pour point, C Evaporation loss (6.5 h at 204 C), % Flash point, C Density ASTO 500 has similar properties to other MIL-PRF oils 34

35 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES COMPARISON ASTO 500 Mobil Jet Oil II BPTO 2380 After 72 h at175 C Viscosity change, % TAN change, % Sediment, mg/100ml After 72 h at 204 C Viscosity change, % TAN change, % Sediment, mg/100ml ASTO 500 demonstrates superior corrosion and oxidation stability over other MIL-PRF oils 35

36 LOW COKING PERFORMANCE ASTO 500 s good thermal and oxidative stability is demonstrated in hightemperature bearing tests, Type 1.5 (177 C oil-in): ASTO 500: 47 demerit rating Mobil Jet Oil II: demerit rating ASTO 500 can give you improved engine cleanliness for reduced overhaul and repair time and costs 36

37 % of reference oil Better protection GOOD LOAD-CARRYING PERFORMANCE 118 Ryder gear test ASTO 500 Mobil Jet Oil II Good load-carrying capacity can extend bearing life under conditions of marginal lubrication, which can help to reduce maintenance costs 37

38 GOOD ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY ASTO 500 Mobil Jet Oil II BPTO SAE-AMS 3217/4 72 h at 204 C 15.7% 15.6% 9.9% With little difference in swelling rates, ASTO 500 can replace other MIL-PRF oils without issue 38

39 ASTO 500 FOR REDUCED COSTS ASTO 500 can help to reduce your operational costs by Improving engine cleanliness Extending bearing life Reducing maintenance costs 39

40 WHAT DO OTHER OILS LOOK LIKE? Conscious that a light-coloured oil is preferred by most operators, we use a novel additive system that combines excellent performance with a light colour. 40

41 ASTO 500 CUSTOMERS INCLUDE AeroUnion, Mexico Air Nostrum, Iberia franchise Various Latin American brokers for many governments Chalair Aviation, France Eastern General Aviation Corporation, China Twinjet, France Alliance Airlines, Australia Skywest Airlines, Australia Bora Jet Airlines, Turkey More than 40 years of military use 41

42 ASTO

43 THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY ENGINES ASTO 560 is a 3 rd generation, high performance, low coking 5-mm²/s synthetic hindered ester oil incorporating a carefully selected and finely balanced combination of additives to improve thermal and oxidation stability. It was developed to meet the requirements of high-powered, highcompression engines which operate at much higher temperatures and pressures. ASTO 560 is approved for civil and military use: MIL-PRF HTS SAE AS 5780 SPC DEF STAN Grade OX-27 43

44 OEM APPROVALS Honeywell Rolls Royce USA BMW-Rolls-Royce CFM International GE TPE 331, APUs (majority of models), LTS 101, LTP 101, ALF 502, LF 507, AS907, AS977, GTCP 30, 36, 85, 331, 660, RE Series BR710, BR715 CFM 56 (all models) GE90, CF6 (all models), CJ610, CF700, CT34, GEnX CFE CFE 738 Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney Canada JT3D, JT8D, JT9D, PW4000 Series (cleared for FE in PW2000 engines) PT6T, PW120, 121, 127 Series, PW200 Series, PW300 Series, PW500 Series, PW901 A, PW980 APU Rolls-Royce Spey, Tay, RB183, Adour, RB 199 Hamilton Sundstrand APS 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 Turbomeca Arriel, Arrius, Makila, RTM322, TM319, TM333, TP319, MTR390, various models of Astazou and Artouste engines 44

45 WE ASKED AIRLINES WHAT THEY WANT IN A TEO Reduced maintenance costs Reduced operating costs Simplified maintenance 45

46 lb/sq in Better wear protection CUTTING COSTS BY EXTENDING BEARING LIFE You can extend bearing life with high-load-carrying-capacity oils ASTO 560 has a higher load-carrying capacity than a competitor STD grade oil and the minimum engine manufacturer limits Ryder gear test 3,000 2,900 2,800 2,700 2,600 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,200 Engine manufacturer specification GE Allison Pratt & Whitney Competitor s STD oil ASTO

47 Change, % CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY ASTO 560 resists change in oxidation and corrosion tests* Total acid number (TAN) measures an oil s oxidation. A competitor's oil thickens more, has a greater TAN change and breaks down to form a lot more sludge %Vk change /175 C %Vk change /204 C %Vk change /218 C TAN change /175 C TAN change /204 C TAN change /218 C Sludge / 175 C Sludge / 204 C Sludge / 218 C ASTO 560 Competitor SPC Oil *FTM-791C Method 5308 (mod) 47

48 CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY Far less potentially harmful sludge was formed with ASTO 560 after 72 hours testing at 218 C (AeroShell Ascender performs even better) The competitor s SPC grade sample required three filters to capture the sludge AeroShell Ascender <2 mg sludge ASTO 560 <27 mg sludge Competitor SPC oil >110 mg sludge 48

49 CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY Oil degradation in vapour phase can be see in the OxCorr test where vapours condense on a glass tube The test demonstrates that ASTO 560 has far less sludge in the vapour phase This shows that it produces less sludge at high temperatures Competitor SPC oil ASTO

50 With a competitor s oil, an aircraft had to return to base when its oil differential pressure light came on. An ASTO 560 trial lowered oil operating temperatures and extended oil filter life and solved the oil-differential-pressure issue. We have now converted the entire fleet and have experienced performance improvements and cost savings, and had no more expensive unplanned landings. Naseem Akhtar, Chief Engineer, Quality Assurance, Pak Aviation Engineering Services Pvte Ltd, Pakistan

51 The complete conversion of Saudi Arabian Airlines to ASTO 560 and ASTO 500 has been very satisfactory, without any oil-related issues. We are delighted with the level of service and technical support from Shell Aviation and its distributor. Ghassan A Sadeg, Director, Aircraft Engineering, Saudi Aerospace Engineering Industries, Saudi Arabia

52 Deposit weight, mg Better performance LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY Coking propensity is not specified by the MIL-PRF-23699F HTS standard Nevertheless, ASTO 560 is well below the maximum coking limit for the AS 5780A specification* HPC specification Competitor SPC oil ASTO 560 *HLPS standard 20-hour test 52

53 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY Clean CFM56-7 components, after over 23,500 flight hours with ASTO 560 since the last overhaul (52,200 flight hours engine life) An overhaul technician said the engines were Much cleaner compared to standard grade oil. 53

54 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY No. 5 bearing housing with ASTO 560 (left) and a competitor oil 54

55 LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY Sealing rings in excellent condition throughout, including this oil spray nozzle Cleaner than normal gearbox casing Boroscope inspection revealed negligible levels of carbon in scavenge tubes 55

56 Rubber swell (%) LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION ASTO 560 causes optimal seal swelling compared with STD and HTS class competitor oils F Rubber 72Hr/204 C H Rubber 72Hr/70 C Silicone 96 Hr/121 C Tensile loss, % ASTO 560 STD class competitor oil HTS class competitor oil 56

57 Since using ASTO 560, we have observed a downward oil consumption trend on some of our engines. Oguzhan Horasanli, Deputy Engineering Manager, Powerplant Systems, Corendon Airlines

58 Since using ASTO 560 in our fleet of Bombardier CRJ200, CRJ700 and CRJ900 aircraft, oil consumption has reduced compared with our previous STD grade oil. Lei Ping, Director, Maintenance and engineering department, China Express Airlines

59 COMPARING ASTO 560 AND NYCO TN600 Turbonycoil 600 is a 5 centistoke polyolester based turbine engine oil manufactured by NYCO, France Approved to specifications MIL-PRF STD grade SAE AS 5780 SPC grade Approved for use in CFM-56 engines and various other models, e.g. IAE V2500 and PWC PT6-A Approved in GE LM ground gas turbines Not approved in Rolls-Royce Trent engines, GE CF-6, GE90 or GENx engines 59

60 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASTO 560 TN 600* Viscosity cst at 40 C cst at 100 C cst at -40 C , ,468 Flash point C Pour point C Specific gravity TAN (mg KOH/g) Evaporation loss 6.5 h at 204 C, % change *Data from Nyco brochure 60

61 OXIDATIVE STABILITY Oxidative stability, 72 h, 204 C Acid number change, % Viscosity change at 40 C Sediment, mg/100ml ASTO 560 TN 600* MIL-PRF limits max to max *Data from Nyco brochure 61

62 THERMAL STABILITY Thermal stability, 96 h, 274 C Acid number change, % Viscosity change at 40 C ASTO 560 TN 600* MIL-PRF limits max /- 5.0 max Metal weight change /- 4.0 max *Data from Nyco brochure 62

63 Demerit rating Cleaner bearings ERDCO BEARING TEST CLEANLINESS ASTO 560 is approved to MIL-PRF as a High Thermal Stability (HTS) oil Nyco TN600 is only approved as a Standard (STD) oil The test results show that ASTO 560 is a cleaner oil STD HTS 10 0 ASTO 560 TN 600* *Data from Nyco brochure 63

64 COKING PROPENSITY ASTO 560 TN 600* Vapour phase coking test, mg High temperature deposition test, tube deposit rating The proposed maximum limit for HTS/HPC oils in the vapour phase coking test is 200 mg The test confirms that ASTO 560 is a cleaner oil than TN 600 *Data taken from Nyco brochure 64

65 COMPARING ASTO 560 AND BP (EASTMAN) 2380 The slide is for information only and is not to be included in a customer presentation The following slides compare data on physical characteristics, oxidative stability, thermal stability and load carrying capability The listed data are taken from publicly available product data sheets The comparison has been put together as supporting material to help you visualise the benefits of a conversion from a competitor STD oil to ASTO 560 The comparison should help you draw conclusions regarding engine performance 65

66 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASTO 560 BPTO 2380 Viscosity cst at 40 C cst at 100 C cst at -40 C , Flash point C Pour point C TAN (mg KOH/g) Evaporation loss 6.5 h at 204 C, % change

67 OXIDATIVE STABILITY Oxidative stability, 72 h, 204 C Acid number change, % Viscosity change at 40 C Sediment, mg/100ml ASTO 560 BPTO 2380 MIL-PRF limits max to max 67

68 THERMAL STABILITY Thermal stability, 96 h, 274 C ASTO 560 BPTO 2380 MIL-PRF limits Acid number change, % max Viscosity change at 40 C /- 5.0 max Metal weight change /- 4.0 max 68

69 lb/sq in Better wear protection LOAD-CARRYING CAPABILITY The Ryder Gear Test, a requirement of MIL-PRF-23699, demonstrates that ASTO 560 has better loadcarrying capability than BPTO 2380 This may help increase bearing lives BPTO 2380 ASTO

70 BENEFITS SUMMARY Compared with competitor oils, ASTO 560 can help to cut costs by extending bearing life with a higher load-carrying capacity staying fit for purpose by thickening less, and resisting acid and sludge formation resisting coke formation for cleaner and safer engines giving optimum elastomer seal swelling for fewer oil leaks and lower oil consumption. 70

71 AEROSHELL ASCENDER 71

72 AEROSHELL ASCENDER FEATURES Specifically designed to address OEM concerns and the latest industry specification SAE AS 5780A High Performance Capability. Excellent elastomeric compatibility Low coking propensity High resistance to oxidation 72

73 A NOTE ON SPECIFICATIONS With the development of AeroShell Ascender, the AS 5780A specification has been split into Standard Performance Capability (SPC) oils High Performance Capability (HPC) oils 73

74 % viscosity change Better performance CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY AeroShell Ascender maintains its viscosity much better than a competitor s HPC oil This resistance to degradation means it can go on performing in the extreme environment Time, h (nonlinear) AeroShell Ascender Competitor HPC oil 74

75 TAN change (mgkoh/g Better performance CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY AeroShell Ascender takes more than 500 h longer for a 1mgKOH/g TAN increase than a competitor HPC oil 7 6 >500 h Time, h (nonlinear) 0 AeroShell Ascender Competitor HPC oil 75

76 CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY The competitor s STD grade sample required three filters to capture the sludge after 72 hours testing at 218 C AeroShell Ascender takes protection from sludge formation to the next level AeroShell Ascender <2 mg sludge Competitor SPC oil >110 mg sludge 76

77 CUTTING COSTS THROUGH ENHANCED STABILITY Oil degradation in vapour phase can be seen in the OxCorr test where vapours condense on a glass tube AeroShell Ascender has far less sludge in the vapour phase This shows that it produces less sludge at high temperatures Competitor SPC oil AeroShell Ascender 77

78 Deposit weight, mg Better performance LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY AeroShell Ascender is well below the maximum coking limit for the AS 5780A specification* HPC spec requirement Competitor SPC oil ASTO 560 Competitor HPC oil AeroShell Ascender *HLPS standard 20-h test 78

79 Deposit weight, mg Better performance LOWER COSTS AND ENHANCED SAFETY Two-phase average results HPC specification* AeroShell Ascender Competitor HPC oil Competitor SPC oil *20 h, max 0.4mg 79

80 LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION After eight days of embrittlement testing, fluorocarbon (Viton A) o-rings with AeroShell Ascender passed A competitor s HPC oil failed Cracks 80

81 LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION After eight days, LCS fluorocarbon (Viton GLC) o-rings with AeroShell Ascender passed A competitor s HPC oil failed Failure 81

82 % gravimetric change Variation is bad LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION Elastomer swelling is maintained at a constant rate with AeroShell Ascender, but changes over time with a competitor oil (fluorocarbon o-rings at 150 C) Time, h (nonlinear) AeroShell Ascender Competitor HPC oil 82

83 We started using AeroShell Ascender in The changeover was smooth and we have not experienced leakage or performance degradation from the engines. Paulo Meneghel, Power Plant Engineering Manager, TAM Airlines, Brazil

84 Days to failure Better performance LOWER OIL CONSUMPTION Elastomer embrittlement fluorocarbon and LCS fluorocarbon AeroShell Ascender lasts almost twice as long as competitor HPC oil Competitor s HPC oil Fluorocarbon at 200 C AeroShell Ascender LCS fluorocarbon at 200 C Method 22 (o-ring immersion) 85

85 BENEFITS SUMMARY AeroShell Ascender has been developed to reduce costs and increase safety with the latest hotter running, larger engines. It helps to keep engines clean by avoiding coke formation avoid the formation of harmful sludge and acids by remaining stable in extreme conditions to reduce oil consumption and costly leaks through excellent seal compatibility extend bearing life by offering high load-bearing capability. 86

86 COMPARING AEROSHELL ASCENDER TO OTHER HPC OILS FIRST RESULTS COLOUR 87

87 COMPARING AEROSHELL ASCENDER TO OTHER HPC OILS FIRST RESULTS METHOD 9 OXIDATION TEST The Method 9 analysis refers to Def-Stan Part 61 Method 9 test results. This is a standard oxidation test for aviation turbine engine oils. This method uses a standard oxidation test setup, looking at oxidative stability and volatility of turbine engine oils. However, the conditions used are extended beyond the specification requirements. A glass tube is filled with a set level of fluid and heated to 220 C. A tube is then inserted into the fluid and a continuous flow of air is passed through the sample for 25 h. Note: due to limited samples these data points consist of just two test runs per sample (averaged). 88

88 COMPARING AEROSHELL ASCENDER TO OTHER HPC OILS FIRST RESULTS METHOD 9 OXIDATION TEST Three key parameters are measured at the end of each test: Viscosity increase shows how much thicker the oil has become during the test. Viscosity increase is usually associated with oxidation, so a lower viscosity increase equals higher performance fluid. TAN (Total Acid Number) increase shows how much the acidity of the lubricant has risen during the test. The better the oxidative stability of the fluid, the lower the TAN increase will be. Volatility loss shows how much of the fluid is lost into vapor during the experimentation. Lower volatility will lead to lower oil consumption. 89

89 COMPARING AEROSHELL ASCENDER TO OTHER HPC OILS FIRST RESULTS METHOD 9 OXIDATION TEST Lower viscosity change maintains oil performance and quality. AeroShell Ascender s viscosity increase is 40% lower than competitor oil 1 and 67% lower than competitor oil Ascender Competitor oil1 Competitor oil AeroShell Ascender has the lowest TAN increase across all three products. Volatility loss shows how much oil is lost through the natural volatility of the lubricant. AeroShell Ascender loses 23% less than competitor oil 1 and 57% less than competitor oil 2 0 Average KV change, % Average TAN increase, mg/koh Average volatility loss, % 90

90 AERO-DERIVED INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINES 91

91 UNDERSTANDING YOUR NEEDS Industrial gas turbines can give you reliability operational flexibility enhanced environmental performance low cost energy We understand your need for oils with original engine manufacturer (OEM) approval rapid delivery of large oil volumes to reduce costly downtime oil analysis that identifies potential issues before they become critical 92

92 OEM APPROVALS Aero-derived industrial gas turbines are compact and reliable Only synthetic aircraft turbine engine oils (TEO) are approved by OEMs for use in industrial gas turbines ASTO 500 and ASTO 560 are fully approved by many OEMs to MIL-PRF to AS

93 OEM APPROVALS OEM Engine ASTO 390 ASTO 500 ASTO 555 ASTO 560 ASTO 700 GE LM 100, 250, 350 and 150 LM 2500 LM 5000 LM 6000 Honeywell TF-25, -35, -40 * * Pratt & Whitney Canada ST6-75, -76 ST *Consult your OEM 1 ASTO 555 can be used if Service Bulletin B has been incorporated 94

94 OEM APPROVALS OEM Engine ASTO 390 ASTO 500 ASTO 555 ASTO 560 ASTO 700 Rolls-Royce Trent Avon Gnome Olympus Proteus RB RB Spey Industrial Spey Marine Tyne 2 22/Mk1 lube system combination only 3 10,000 hours maximum on Viton O seals 95

95 OEM APPROVALS OEM Engine ASTO 390 ASTO 500 ASTO 555 ASTO 560 ASTO 700 Rolls-Royce Allison 501K, 570K and 571K Series Solar Turbines Centaur 4 4 Mars 4 4 Saturn Oils approved on a unit-by-unit basis. Not all units can use synthetic oils the manual for specific units must be consulted or the unit manufacturer contacted 96

96 OEM APPROVALS OEM Engine ASTO 390 ASTO 500 ASTO 555 ASTO 560 ASTO 750 Turbomeca Astagaz XII and XIV Astazou IV Bastangaz IV, VI and VII Oredon IV Turmagaz III Turbo Power & Marine (PW) GG3/FT3 GG4/FT4 GG12/FT12 GG8/FT8 97

97 RESPONSIVE SUPPLY CHAIN We appreciate your need to fill large oil tanks, potentially at short notice All AeroShell TEOs are available in large packs (208 L [55 USgal] drums) and the small packs more typically used in the aviation industry We can help to reduce costly downtime by ensuring that local stocks are available for rapid delivery through our extensive distributor network 98

98 OIL ANALYSIS As the bulk oil never reaches a high enough temperature to drive off water, hydrolysis can be a major concern The oil must be changed if the oil properties exceed the OEM s limits We can provide analysis services that monitor acidity and viscosity changes, and water contamination, to help avoid issues before they become critical 99

99 BENEFITS SUMMARY We offer a comprehensive range of AeroShell TEOs with OEM approvals for peace of mind rapid availability in the volumes you need to limit costly downtime an oil analysis service that identifies potential issues before they become critical 100

100 THE AEROSHELL PORTFOLIO 101

101 SELECTING THE RIGHT AEROSHELL TEO TURBINE ENGINE OILS TURBINE ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION OIL AUXILIARY POWER UNITS AeroShell Ascender Synthetic High performance capability Maintenance saving ASTO 555 Synthetic High load-carrying capacity High thermal stability Higher temperature performance and reduced maintenance ASTO 560 Synthetic High thermal stability Maintenance saving ASTO 390 Synthetic Easy cold-soak starting Promotes APU reliability Higher temperature performance and reduced maintenance ASTO 308 Synthetic Older technology engines MIL-PRF-7808 ASTO 500 Synthetic MIL-PRF Outstanding temperature stability 102

102 THE AEROSHELL TEO PORTFOLIO Engine type Modern Classic Older technology Small Helicopter Auxiliary power unit Example GEnx, Trent series, GP7200 CFM-56, CF-6, GE90, IAE V2500, PW4000 JT8-D, JT9-D, RB , -524 CF-34, PWC-100, RTM-322, PT-6 Turbomecca Astazou, Rolls-Royce 250 Most APUs, inc. UTCAS, Honeywell, PWC and Rolls-Royce AS 5780 HPC AeroShell Ascender AeroShell Ascender AS 5780 SPC MIL-PRF HTS - ASTO 560 ASTO 560 ASTO DOD-L ASTO MIL-PRF ASTO DEF STAN ASTO 390 MIL-PRF ASTO

103 AEROSHELL TEO BENEFITS AeroShell Ascender TEO reinvented for next generation engine technology, with low coking propensity, high thermal and oxidative stability, and demonstrably better elastomer compatibility* ASTO 560 superior specification than standard oils compared, lower maintenance costs through cleaner engines and excellent elastomer compatibility, with operators reporting savings through lower oil consumption ASTO 555 high load-carrying capacity for helicopter engines and transmissions ASTO 500 safety and reliability for older engines requiring a MIL-PRF oil ASTO 390 excellent cold-soak starting and reliability for APUs ASTO 308 dependability for older engines requiring a MIL-PRF-7808 oil *Compared to competitor HPC oils 104

104 AEROSHELL ASCENDER An outstanding high performance capability (HPC) oil for the latest highly efficient engines Reduced maintenance and operating costs and enhanced safety from low coking propensity high thermal stability outstanding oxidative stability. excellent elastomer compatibility First new formulation to be approved to the AS 5780A specification Specifications and approvals SAE AS5780B HPC Grade MIL-PRF-23699F HTS Grade RR Trent 1000 IAE V2500 Series Other approvals and flight evaluations pending 105

105 AEROSHELL ASCENDER 106

106 ASTO 560 A proven third-generation high thermal stability oil for established engine technology Reduced maintenance and operating costs and enhanced safety from Low coking propensity* Full elastomer compatibility Improved load-carrying capability Over 15 years of in-service experience Approved by almost all major engines manufacturers Specifications and approvals MIL-PRF-23699F Grade HTS SAE AS5780B Grade SPC CFMI (GE&Snecma): All CFM56 engines *Compared with all MIL-PRF STD Grade oils 107

107 ASTO

108 ASTO 555 A high load-carrying capacity oil for turbine engines and transmissions Reduced maintenance costs and enhanced safety through excellent wear protection high thermal stability high oxidation stability Approved by leading helicopter engine manufacturers, including Agusta, Bell Helicopter Textron, Boeing Vertol, Eurocopter, McDonnell Douglas, MBB, Sikorsky and Westland Helicopters Specifications and approvals DOD-PRF-85734A DEF STAN

109 ASTO 500 The right choice for older and classic technology engines Reduced overhaul and repair time and costs through improved engine cleanliness* good load-carrying capacity* superior corrosion and oxidation stability* Suitable for all civil and military engines requiring MIL-PRF specifications Specifications and approvals MIL-PRF Standard SAE AS 5780 SPC DEF STAN Grade OX-27 *Compared with other MIL-PRF STD grade oils 110

110 ASTO

111 ASTO 390 AND ASTO 308 Reliability for Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Reliable APU starting, especially in cold-soak conditions Lower maintenance costs from reduced component wear during APU start up Helps maximise ETOPS times Approved by a wide range of engine/apu manufacturers, including Hamilton Sundstrand, Honeywell, Pratt & Whitney Canada, Rolls Royce and Turbomeca ASTO 390 specifications DEF STAN (British) IPM-10, VNII NP f and 4u, and 36Ku-A (Russian analogue) Joint Service Designation OX-7 ASTO 308 specifications MIL-PRF-7808L Grade 3 NATO Code O-148 Joint Service Designation OX-9 112

112 THE FULL AEROSHELL TEO RANGE We offer a wide TEO range, for example, including ASTO 390, a 3-cSt oil preferred by some operators for APUs for reliable cold-soak starting Grade Specification AeroShell Turbine Oil 308* MIL-PRF-7808L Grade 3 AeroShell Turbine Oil 390 DEF STAN (DERD 2468) AeroShell Turbine Oil 500 MIL-PRF-23699F Grade STD AeroShell Turbine Oil 555 DOD-L-85734, DEF STAN (DERD 2497) AeroShell Turbine Oil 560 MIL-PRF-23699F Grade HTS AeroShell Turbine Oil 750 DEF STAN (DERD 2487) AeroShell Ascender SAE AS 5780 Grade HPC, MIL-PRF-23699F Grade HTS *For military only 113

113 COMPLETE PROTECTION FOR YOUR AIRCRAFT Whatever you fly, we can provide AeroShell protection across your aircraft, including AeroShell Grease for airframes and wheel bearings AeroShell Fluid for hydraulic systems and to preserve inactive engines 114

114 ADDITIONAL VALUE 115

115 CHANGEOVER ASSISTANCE Advice Testing (lab support) Implementation checklists Support materials Other support 116

116 DISTRIBUTOR COVERAGE Comprehensive network The right lubricants where and when you need them Helping you cut logistics and inventory costs Local support in aircraft-on-ground situations 117

117 WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS SAY 118

118 SAUDI AIRLINES Video of chief engineer to come 119

119 TURKISH AIRLINES Video of chief engineer to come 120

120 CORENDON AIRLINES Oil consumption has reduced since converting eight CFM56-7 powered Boeing 737s to ASTO 560 Consumption has been cut by 16 L for every 1,000 h of flight For an aircraft flying 3,500 h/year, the annual saving could be 56 L Experienced overhaul engineers noted that engines using ASTO 560 were significantly cleaner, with less coke deposits than those using a competitor's oil 121

121 Q & A 122

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