STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEM

Transcription

1 . I, t STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEM r J, l t 1: F r f ~' ~. '# ~... ;..!:,~.,,. r.f ~TAlllf.!l PUlll toh,liu uu :~::,~:,;,- RJ[l ArlD SJMtl IG1''lTION!.' '-. '.,:~ r.1 r, (? e,; CONTlM.IOUS ~tjfllon.. SlAl:WI ".... l :.,,_'f! r\1)11 10 "'"'' IOUO ~" fuufl r~. o 'I... 1:; /"'t~;} fvfl ln~rotmtnf,:~ (,.J ''; I J '., I ~ 23 OCT cl TECHNICAL TRAINING SQUADRON MILITARY AIRLIFT WING, TNG (MAC) ALTUS AIR FORCE BASE,OKLAHOMA

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3 Page A This book is not arranged like an ordinary. study guide. Even though the pages are numbered in order, the text does not follow in that order. There will be directions on each page directing you to the correct page. For example, TURN to Page C. Air Force.OC, 21Dec70"'.2500

4 Page B This is Page B! If you were reading a common ordi nary everyday book, this would be the right page; but remember we sai d that in this book the text would not follow in order. Each page will have directions telling you the correct page to turn to. Now RETURN to Page A and follow the directions at the bottom of the page.

5 From Page A Page C OK, you got the idea and shouldn't have any trouble following the text of this program. STATEMENT OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES When you complete this program, you should be able to: 1. identify the location of the Starter and Starter Control Valve. 2. name the three sources of pneumatic power that could be used to power the Starter. 3. list the manifold pressure limits for starting. 4. list the Starter duty cycles. 5. list the indications in the flight station when the Starter Control Valve opens and closes. 6. list the Starter "pop-out" range. 7. state the Starter "pull-out" limit. 8. name the two types of Ignition Systems and the rating of each. 9. list the controls for the Starting and Ignition Systems. 10. name the power sources for the Ignition Systems. Now TURN to Page 1. 0

6 From Page C Page l STARTING AND IGNITION SYSTEM Each engine is equipped with a self-contained starting system consisting of the following components: PNEUMATIC STARTER, STARTER CONTROL VALVE, DUCTING, and the STARTING AND IGNITION CONTROL system. First, let's discuss the PNEUMATIC STARTER. It is located on the rear of the MAIN ACCESSORY DRIVE case. The STARTER rotates the N2 compressor to a predetermined engine speed, at which time a cutout switch located in the STARTER disengages it. Take a look at the picture below. MAIN ACCESSORY DRIVE Please TURN to Page 2.

7 From Page 1 Page 2 Pneumatic power may be supplied to the Starter from any of three sources, through a crosswing manifold. They are as follows: EXTERNAL GROUND SOURCE, the APU, or any OPERATING ENGINE. When supplied with pneumatic power, the Starter will rotate the N 2 compressor. A. TRUE. B. FALSE. TURN to Page 4. TURN to Page 3.

8 From Page 2 Page 3 You said "False." Sorry that is wrong. The Starter is located on the rear of the Main Accessory Drive and when supplied with pneumatic power it will rotate Nz compressor. Take a look at the picture and get the location fixed in your mind. DRIVE Now that we have that straightened out, please TURN to Page 4.

9 From Page 2 Page 4 Your answer was "True" and this is correct. The Starter does rotate the N2 compressor. The Starter is Zoaated on the rear of the Main Accessory Drive. When supplied with pneumatic power it rotates N 2 compressor to start the engine. A cutout switah located in each Starter will discontinue Starter action when it is no longer needed. MAIN ACCESSORY DRIVE STARTER Pneumatic power for the Starter could be supplied from what sources? A. APU. TURN to Page 8. B. External ground source. TURN to Page 7. c. An operating engine. TURN to Page 6. D. Any of the above. TURN to Page s.

10 From Page 4 Page 5 I'm happy your answer was "any of the above" because you are correct. You remembered that any source, whether it is from the APU, External Ground Source or an operating Engine will pressurize the crosswing manifold which distributes pneumatic power to the Starters. Since the Starter is pneumatic and requires pneumatic power t o operate it, then doesn't it stand to reason there would be some MANIFOLD BLEED PRESSURE limits that must be observed. You're right, there are certain limits. The limits are: 30 PSI MINIMUM and 52 PSI MAXIMUM. Where are these pressures read? Take a look. 30 PSI Please TURN to Page 9.

11 From Page 4 Page 6 Your answer was "An operating engine." You are partially right, you can use an operating Engine to supply air to the remaining Starters. However, the APU or an E:x:ternaZ Ground Sourae could be used. Any of the three sources could be used. OK? Now, please TURN back to Page 5.

12 From Page 4 Page 7 You didn't mean that, did you? The External Ground Source is only one method of furnishing pneumatic power to the Starter. The APU or an operating Engine could be used also. You didn't stray too far, so please TURN BACK to Page 5.

13 From Page 4 Page 8 You're 33 1/3% correct. The APU is one method of furnishing pneumatic power to the Starters; however after one engine has been started, the APU could be shut down and the remaining engines started from the operating Engine. What would happen if the APU was inoperative? Now we would be forced to use an External Ground Source. Got th~ big picture? Now please TURN BACK to Page 5

14 From Page 5 Page 9 Now we know that pneumatic power can be furnished from three sources, the APU, an EXTERNAL GROUND SOURCE or an operating ENGINE. Wherever pressures are involved there must be some limits. To assure a proper engine start, these limits must be observed. If pressure i s too Zow, then a hot start could result. If pressure is too high, then there is the possibility of dainaging the Starter. In the blank spaces provided below, fill in the miminum and maximum Manifold Bleed Pressure limits for engine starting. PSI MAXIMUM PSI MINIMUM Please TURN to Page 10.

15 From Page 9 Page 10 You did say the MINIMUM was 30 PSI and the MAXIMUM was 52 PSI, didn't you? Pressure less than 30 PSI can give you a hot start and pressures above 52 PSI could damage the Starter. The Starter is also subject to damage from overheating; therefore the cranking time or the amount of time that you can use the Starter without a cooling period must be limited. These are referred to as duty cycles. They are: 0 1 MINUTE ON 15 s 30 SECONDS OFF 15 MllllllU to 0 lo 0 1 MINUTE ON 1S s 30 SECONDS OFF 15 lllvtu MINUTE ON 15 s 30 MINUTES OFF 0 11 lllviu JO OR 1. 5 MINUTES ON 15 IMUTU 1 5 MINUTES OFF 11 5 for any number of cycles These limits will provide for proper cooling of the Starters. Please TURN to Page 11.

16 ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ From Page 10 Page 11 Just to be sure we know the duty cycles for the Starter, write in the correct time for each ON or OFF cycle in the spaces provided. MINUTE ON - MINUTE ON - MINUTE ON - SECONDS OFF SECONDS OFF MINUTES OFF OR MINUTES ON - MINUTES OFF for any number of cycles. Please TURN to Page 12. v

17 From Page 11 Page 12 I.hope you ttll d in the blank spaces as follows:! 1 MINUTE ON - 1 MINUTE ON - 1 MINUTE ON - 30 SECONDS OFF 30 SECONDS OFF 30 MINUTES OFF ~ OR 1.5 MINUTES ON - 5 MINUTES OFF for any number of cycles. Up to this point we know the Starter is Z.Ooated on the rear side of the MAIN ACCESSORY DUVE and can be driven by pneumatic pottjep from the APU, an EXTERNAL GllOUND SOURCE. or froin an op~rating ENGINE. We also know the Manifold Bleed Pressure should NOT be less than 30 PSI nor more than 52 PSI for starting purposes. Your are doing fine, please TURN to Page 13.

18 From Page 12 Page 13 Our next item to discuss is the STARTER CONTROL VALVE. The STARTER CONTROL VALVE acts as an air pressure regulator when the Starter is in use and as a shutoff valve when the Starter is NOT in use. The STARTER CONTROL VALVE is located above the Starter in the ducting which carries the pneumatic power to the Starter. Please TURN to Page 14.

19 From Page 13 Page 14 The STARTER CONTROL VALVE will open when a circuit is completed by engaging the Starter Button. When the Starter Control Valve opens, a!starter VALVE OPENllight on the pilots' center instrument panel will illuminate. How many lights are there? Four (4), one for each engine. Take a look. PILOTS' CENTER INSTRUMENT PANEL Please TURN to Page 15.

20 From Page 14 Page 15 The last item in the starting s ystem is the PNEUMATIC DUCTING. This ducting is used to carry the pneumatic power from the source to the Starters. Take a look at the picture below.,., j, 1 irtn:. :;1w; '. ~irn:nni lii,. :1:~'t11!!l!fi1nnm l 1:; : ;Hili!i!l!!l!1rrm~!11m1mm: r:i:~ 1. 1 : i:e 1i : : 1~ r : iin!l!lff!ir 1 n,1m 1 l ;"'11!'! j~'''''ll'''lfl!.mij~l'' ~~111 I:., 1!.,, i...::.. : ; 1,,;:.. II:, :.... ' I I I '"' i'i! I..'\,... j 1 1,...,.1.,l,hl'li''i.,:.I : j, 1 ', f 1 ~ ~!{ ( :,: ' fl1, I, l ~.., :,,.._-:.,. ~... -.t'i '.. 1,~ ih.; 1 ; : 11 ;~j :c fj'i I' l!, 11 1 :f..,,. I ' \l; : 1 1 ' 11 I.'l1 i!' I i' '."'" j.),,.,,>l\.:.,1 ;-<,. -: ~,.,.,,1. I : 1;u1i!' j1"1.!d!l d ,11it,1 I I.. \,, ': ; 1 I I \.'. ' : 11 '' 1 > ' :Ht'!;'i \t. l (i '"Jij Pt: ' ',,, tohu ' II f ".,n~ r ' f t,,1 '. ::::.,..,.. t::: 1 ~ " 1 ; " I : t.... 1t1n111p.. u1,ff' l..., I. ".'. ", : I '. '...:,... '1'i1' "l.q.. "..., I ',. '. f.1.11't, ' "!"l"'p I, 1 I l'.ttf': -~ 1t 9 ;.,, 1! 11 I ' I ;,. ~(!t;;;;' : ' ',: ' '' ut ' ', j' I '..,i,,.,.... '' 1'1"..... ;,...'l' '' tt. ~.. ' :,......,. ' 1 ' I 1 ' 1 rj ~, II ft,... r ::~: ;1 H t ~..,. ',' I... :,,...,.,i.,:11,,l!. l1"'.'r1., ;i:: : '1 -!~:,:j!.''.. :; ",' "11' :j' i j1 ".., 11.: !..., ',' ' '..:. ' I,...,,' ' I' 'I' '. I. ' '" ". ' Iii : '1 I /.~ ; :;: :, 1.,, :~;,,:..,.~.,, : ; :<;::~~ ~:: :~i!. :L :: 1 1;j ~p; i :,;;,i.;:11, ~ :,. :.:.:; ''..;!:I:. :..r;, 1; Jl,::1,;1,:! :i:i'!;!, ~ t o " I, l ', ' t ' 1 I r..,.~ I i I '1' :1,,.,1,,,.1./ "'"""' '; 'I'! I!' '' ''I''' I!1 ;«. _: lti1tl If \ 'I ' ' t '. lo I.1,,.1.1;:!'1J 1<1: 1. d',,... I " 11,,., :i '. -{: I''. I 'I I ':' 1 1::.:1..,..., i i'i'... 1 :,1 1, "' 1.1 "; - -1 :i:::. 1 1 :.1. : : :... : i r.:i;~1;l't ; ;,...,.!.~1 ::: 1 1, 1'1"1''l'd)~1!:::-- : - -~~. r ;,!,:,,,11 i 'il1 mi1ii11'1,1:11i'li1, :: di;, ;. I : l 1 'I ''.: I. i 1l 1' ' ~ :' I! ti :": I 11'!1.! I,.,,,I...;,..;t,1 I 1 11 j,.,1 ;1..,! l' I :i ' : I.,..,...,, 1 '.I,., r 11..:. '"'"" "''".! ' I ".,.,,1I,... L L.l ll,;!l'lirll.11! l.. j : liil j 11 ; 1 1, J" , llu H... f 1 t n u t ' : i"'jl 1 ' '1h j ''., I llllll!.. I!....- : -~! h!-,: : 1!:,. ;::.j~,!l:.;1 ' il;i t ',, 1 11 '1 ~ I., I" 1 f', J ht Ii ti I t. : 11,I, '.-r: :"::i!::ij".. l!un :!!! :;h" \,:_, :. I~ : :l! IJ!'... '... i.. 1:,,.!.1:r I \. ''111 " iniii~;: ::1~: ::,!: 11w 1 :.1i;:1: 1 :. ' t, I := : T ~. ;: :: L. :r. ' ~;;!1!~1~1::. 1.,,.,i.,4141 I '. t I., ' 't 'f'j '.-,! r '.. ' t.,, ' i Ii'' I' I '' I: :,,,,,:,,: 1,,'.-:11;j1 ''111 : 1;.1,: 10.;,".;, ::i \.I..:..','' ' ' :... 'I I..., lltt, I I \ '.. ' I T.., '.., t I I f '"..:, 1,,,.,,.., :(1 1.11! 1!,:.,1'1':, 1 'lj!,. ::, 1 ". '., '. ;. I ' "' 1~,...,...., 11 '.,,,!' 1111""1 I ""'. "'!j. l,,; 1ti I ,., 1 t I ' --.. ".., 11 \ I!1 :n111u J.,lll!!' 11 1.;1l1w ~ 1 11tllh: ~: ':'... : ~1 1 ~,l, 1 i...,..,!l... t.,,..... \.... I.:I. ' " till 1 / ~,..." I. I ' ~1l. 1 j,1 :1,, ' ' :' I i ": '! J.;;:: :1,;~-. J :; " :!1111,,, 1 l1'l'illll'll1illl lll1, :.:!!!1!:;;.!.!l!!!'.{:! : ; ;;;: ~;IJ : ~. :.! : ~l :!' ~;..:.;..~I~ ~~j. :;;:;::::;;;;i;;;:;i;:;:: :;:::::::1m!;:::.. I I I " I...,,,,, 11 i1.-,, : jr., 1... i..., I. ; 1 1 ~!!...;;i: ~. ', ' f 1.. t h., ' ' 1 ' ! 1 '. ".., ;:-...,,._\.,!'..... =... I...,, 1!b',... u 1.'i 1 \I. i... ~~ \;y ~ I......~:,...,. 1 IJ I.,,,,.. I :,,jti;u ' ''tl! t l1111 i!,.. ~~- '!: o o l111ju1tu r 'q\: ''' 1lj l!1ll ::. 11 "' : 'I I h,::: : :. I" ' :..... t I 1 111uH'" ''II...!...,...:.,.1 :. i,. ' I!!,;:..,., i I : :JI.,...!!~!:.::!! :!!:!!: : :!~!:~~~:~!!~~ Jtt t 1., 1,,,..... ' '' 1 ',. '' Please TURN to Page 16.

21 From Page 15 Page 16 Before we leave the starting system components, let's have a review by answering the questions below: 1. The Starter is located on the rear side of the Drive What are the sources of pneumatic power that could be used to turn the Starter? a. APU. b. External ground source. c. An operating engine. d. Any of the above. 3. In the spaces provided below, fill in the Manifold Bleed Pressure limits for starting. PS_I_MAX ~ ~ PSI MIN. _ -:=;:;::- 4. What are the duty cycles imposed upon the Starter to prevent damage? MINUTE ON SECONDS OFF MINUTE ON SECONDS OFF MINUTE ON OR MINUTES OFF MINUTES ON - MINUTES OFF for any number of cycles. 5. List the indication on the flight station when the Starter Control Valve opens. Please TURN to Page 17 to check your answers.

22 \ From Pag~ 16 Page 17 Check your answers and make the necessary corrections on Page Main Accessory 2. "d" - Any of the above PSI MIN PSI MAX MINUTE ON - 30 SECONDS OFF 1 MINUTE ON - 30 SECONDS OFF 1 MINUTE ON - 30 MINUTES OFF OR 1.5 MINUTES ON - 5 MINUTES OFF for any number of cycles. 5. STARTER VALVE OPEN light illuminates. P+ease TURN to Page 18 for a discussion of the Ignition System.

23 From Page 17 Page 18 IGNITION SYSTEM The purpose of any Ignition system is to provide a means of igniting a combustible mixture to cause an engine to operate. The Ignition system on a jet engine is unique in that it isn't required to be in operation all the time. Another unique feature is the simplicity of the system. The TF33-P-7 engine ignition system consists of an IGNITION EXCITER, TWO HIGH TENSION LEADS and TWO SPARKIGNITERS. Our first discussion will be on the IGNITION EXCITER. Please TURN to Page 19

24 From Page 18 Page 19 The IGNITION EXCITER unit is located on the lower left side of the FAN CASE. The unit contains TWO separate ignition systems. One is a 20-JOULE INTERMITTENT I gnition system used for ALL engine starts. The other system is a 4-JOULE CONTINUOUS Ignition system used to minimize the possibility of an engine flameout under operating conditions other than starting. Please TURN to Page 20.

25 From Page 19 Page 20 Perhaps at this point you are wondering what a JOULE is? This may not be the same definition that you have in mind, but a JOULE is merely a rating of electrical energy. It is the energy expended in one second by an.. electrical current of one ampere at one ohm resistance When attempting an airstart, which ignition system would be used? a. 4-JOULE CONTINUOUS. b. 20-JOULE INTERMITTENT. c. Both systems. TURN to Page 21. TURN to Page 22. TURN to Page 23.

26 From Page 20 Page 21 You said the 4-JOULE system would be used. This is NOT right. The 4-JOULE system is the CONTINUOUS system and is used fop conditions othep than sta.pting. In fact it is used to minimize the possibility of flameouts due to temporary fluctuations of airflow or fuel flow The 20-JOULE Ignition system is used for all starting conditions, ground starts or airstarts. Please TURN to Page 24.

27 From Page 20 Page 22 Your answer was the 20-JOULE system. This is absolutely correct. Regardless of whether it is a ground start or an airstart, the 20-JOULE INTERMITTENT Ignition system is used for engine starting. By the word INTERMITTENT we do NOT mean that the system fires intermittently during the starting process. We mean that the system is used only for starting the engine and then it is turned OFF automatically when the Starter Button pops out during a ground start, or when the Fuel Start and IgI\ition switch is released to RUN during an airstart. Please TURN to Page 24.

28 From Page 20 Page 23 Both systems was your choice. Logical, but NOT correct. First of all, it is impossible for both systems to fire through the Ignition Exciter at the same time. The 20-JOULE system does the job just fine. The 20-JOULE INTERMITTENT system is used on azz engine starts, airstarts or ground starts. Now that we are straightened out on that point, please TURN to Page 24.

29 ~ VIBRATOR From Pages 21, 22, or 23 Page 24 Up to this point we know the IGNITION EXCITER contains a 20-JOULE and a 4-JOULE Ignition system. Also we know the 20-JOULE Ignition system is used for starting purposes and the 4-JOULE Ignition system acts as an auxiliary system which minimizes the possibility of an engine flameout due to f temporary fluctuations, etc. Now let's find out what powers these two separate systems. During e~gine starting, 28 volts DC is supplied to the 20-JOULE Ignition System from the ISOLATED DC BUS. The low voltage enters the exciter and then follows the path as show below. 28VDC FILTER TRIGGER TRIGGER RECTIFIER - GENERATOR OUTPUT 20 JOULE INTERMITTENT EXCITER Please TURN to Page 25.

30 From Page 24 Page 25 After the engine has been started and when the Continuous Ignition Switch is turned ON, 115 volt, 400 cycle AC power is supplied to the 4-JOULE.Ignition System from the ESSENTIAL AC BUSES. Engines No. 1 and No. 4 from NO. 1 ESSENTIAL AC BUS and ~ngines No. 2 and No. 3 from NO. 2 ESSENTIAL AC BUS. The voltage enters the exciter and then follows the path as shown below. 115 VAC 400 rv -F-U-ll W-A-VE V-0-LTA-GE- --TRl-G-GE-R --1 i----~-~-~-~~~-~~-/-mer-- -D-O-UBL-ER ~ G=TO_R _ J' 4 JOULE CONTINUOUS DUTY EXCITER c -- ~ IGNITER TRIGGER I I OUTPUT I L: - =:J.---- Just to make sure that we're all heading in the right direction, TURN to Page 26 for a review.

31 * From Page 25 Page 26 For the review of the system thus far, answer the questions below. 1. The Ignition system on the TF33-P-7 engine consists of the following components: a. starter, ignition exciter, and sparkigniters. b. ignition exciter, one high tension lead and one sparkigniter. c. ignition exciter, two high tension leads and two sparkigniters. d. None of the above. 2. The Ignition Exciter contains how many separate ignition systems? a. One. b. Two. c. Three. d. Four. 3. The Ignition Exciter is located on the Fan Case. a. True. b. False. 4. Name the two types of Ignition systems and give the rating of each. Type ~~~~~~~~~- Rating ~- Joule. necessary. Please TURN to Page 27, check your answers and make corrections as

32 From Page 26 Page 27 Below are l~sted the correct answers for the questions on Page "c" - Ignition exciter, two high tension leads and two sparkigniters. 2. "b" - Two. 3. "a" - True. f 4. Intermittent, 20 Continuous, 4 When you have checked your answers, please TURN to Page 28 and continue the review.

33 ~~~~~~~~~~ From Page 27 Page Name the power sources for the Ignition systems. INTERMITTENT: Bus. CONTINUOUS: ~~~~~~~~~~Buses. 6. Which Ignition system is used during a ground start cycle? ; a. 20-Joule Intermittent. b. 4-Joule Continuous. c. Both. d. Neither. Please TURN to Page 29 and check your answers, make any corrections that may be necessary.

34 From Page 28 Page 29 Below are listed the correct answers for the questions on Page Isolated DC Essential AC Buses. 6. "a" - 20-Joule Intermittent. program. When you have checked your answers, TURN to Page 30 and continue the

35 From Page 29 Page 30 The next part of the Ignition System is the two (2) HIGH TENSION LEADS. The High Tension Leads carry the high ignition voltage from the exciter to the sparkigniters. There are two.(2) SPARKIGNITERS. One (1) Sparkigniter is installed in No. 4 combustion chamber and one (1) in No. 5 combustion chamber. When the 20-JOULE SYSTEM is being used, both sparkigniters are in operation. See schematic below: EXCITER High Tension Leads I No. 5 Combustion Chamber No. 4 Combustion Chamber Please TURN to Page 31.

36 ~ ~~ From Page 30 Page 31 Both sparkigniters will be firing when the 20-JOULE system is in operation. Should one (1) High Tension Lead short out or one (1) Sparkigniter fail to fire, the other is sufficient to start the engine. When the 4-JOULE SYSTEM is used, onzy the sparkigniter in No. 4 combustion chamber is in use. Take a look at the schematic below. EXCITER High Tension Lead I ~ ~ ~ Please TURN to Page 32. No. 4 Combustion Chamber

37 From Page 31 Page 32 This finishes up the ignition system. On this engine, the Ignition System consists of the Ignition Exciter, High Tension Leads, and Sparkigniters. The Ignition Exciter has two (2) separate ignition systems. The 20-JOULE Intermittent System is used during aiz starts, air or ground. It fires the Sparkigniters in No. 4 and No. 5 combustion chambers. When in use, the 4-JOULE Continuous System will only fire the Sparkigniter in the No. 4 combustion chamber. The 20-JOULE SYSTEM is powered from the ISOLATED DC BUS and the 4-JOULE SYSTEM is powered from ESSENTIAL AC BUSES NO. l and NO. 2. On to bigger and better systems. Please TURN to Page 33 and let's discuss the control of the Starting and Ignition systems.

38 From Page 32 Page 33 To control our Starting and Ignition systems, we have the following items: STARTER BUTTONS. FUEL and START IGNITION switches, CONTINUOUS IGNITION switch, and The CONTROLS for the Starting and Ignition systems are located on the PILOTS' OVERHEAD CONTROL PANEL. First let's take a look at the STARTER BUTTONS. are located on the PILOTS' OVERHEAD CONTROL PANEL. The STARTER BUTTONS Take a look at the picture below. FUEL & START IGNITION SWITCHES CONTINUOUS IGNITION ~--~ S~flTCH STARTER BUTTONS ~ ' =---'--...i;::::-;:;:;:~=-= i~.:-~ =--- -~ Please TURN to Page 34.

39 From Page 33 Page 34 \ Each STARTER BUTTON has -two positions. START and STOP. The button controls the starter control valve. Depressing the STARTER BUTTON energizes the valve, allowing it to open. A holding coil automatically holds the Starter Button in until N2 compressor speed reaches 35-45% RPM. At this time a cutout switch in the Starter will break the circuit, and the Starter Button "will "pop out." The Button can be pulled out any time, but if it doesn't pop out, it mu.st be "pulled out" at 45% N2 RPM. The "pop-out" range for the Starter Button is: A % N2 RPM. TURN to Page 35. B % Nz RPM. TURN to Page 36. c % Nz RPM. TURN to Page 37. D % N 2 RPM. TURN to Page 38.

40 From Page 34 Page 35 Sorry, that isn't right. The Starter Button doesn't pop out in that range. Perhaps you had better RETURN to Page 34 and try again.

41 From Page 34 Page 36.. Nope! You must have misread some of the information. Please RETURN to Page 34 and try again.

42 From Page 34 Page 37 Sorry, you're not quite right. Please RETURN to Page 34, read the information again and choose another answer.

43 I I, From Page.34 Page 38 Your answer 35-45% N 2 RPM is correct. The Starter Button should "pop out" somewhere between 35-45% N2 RPM; however if it doesn't, it must be pulled out at 45% N2 RPM. There are some safety features built into the Starter Button. A guard is built around the button to prevent inadvertent energizing of the starter. There is a red light in the center of the button to show that the button is engaged. Pretty good idea, wouldn't you say. Please TURN to Page 39. -~

44 From Page 38 Page 39 Another feature of the Starter Button is the Holding Coil. Once the Starter Button has been depressed, it will hold automatically until "pop out" speed is reached. As stated before, the button can be pulled out manually anytime. The correct per cent RPM to pull out the Starter Button if it doesn't pop out would be 35% N 2 RPM. A. TRUE. B. FALSE TURN to Page 40. TURN to Page 41.

45 From Page 39 Page 40 You goofed! The "pop-out" range i s between 35-45%, so how could the pull-out limit be 35% Nz RPM. Please RETURN to Page 39 and try again..

46 From Page 39 Page You know your limits don't you. hasn't popped out, then pull it out. At 45% N 2 RPM if the Starter Button The start can be continued but the defect should be written up in the forms so maintenance can correct it. Please TURN to Page 42.

47 From Page 41 Page 42 To control the 20-Joule system a FUEL and START I GNITION switch for each engine is provided on the Pilots ' Overhead Control Panel. The FUEL and START IGNITION switch has t hree (3) positions. They are: STOP, RUN and AIR START. Take a look at tne picture. Please TURN to Page 43.

48 From Page 42 Page 43 The STOP position of the FUEL and START IGNITION switch closes a fuel shutoff valve. This action will stop fuel flow to t he engine and i t will stop operating. The RUN position of the switch energizes the fuel shutoff valve to the open position and if the related Starter Button has been actuated to START, it will also energize the 20-Joule ignition exciter. The momentary AIR START position energizes the fuel shutoff valve open and energizes the 20-Joule i gnition exciter regardless of Starter Button position. Have another look at the FUEL and START IGNITION switch. Please TURN to Page 44.

49 ---~- ---~ From Page 43 Page 44 positions. We have seen that the Fuel and Start Ignition switch has three (3) The STOP position means what it says; place the switch to STOP and the engine stops.. Button. The RUN position is used on ground starts in conjunction with the Starter This position opens a fuel shutoff valve and starts the 20-Joule ignition. The AIR START position is used ONLY when attempting an air start. This is a momentary position and will open a fuel shutoff valve and energize the 20-Joule ignition exciter. In this case the Starter Button will NOT be actuated because the engine would be windmilling. What are the positions on the Fuel and Start Ignition switch? A. STOP B. RUN C. AIR START D. All of the above. Please TURN to Page 45.

50 From Page 44 Page 45 I know that you immediately recognized that all of the positions of the Fuel and Start Ignition switch were listed. The switch does have three (3) positions: STOP - RUN - AIR START. The last item to discuss i s the CONTINUOUS IGNITION switch. It is used to turn ON continuous ignition when conditions warrant. When the Fuel and Start Ignition switch is in the RUN position, the Continuous Ignition switch is armed. Now all it takes is a simple IDanipulation of the CONTINUOUS IGNITION switch to set the 4-Joule continuous ignition into action. CONTI NUOUS IGNITION SWITCH,..,. fljll AtlO 51All:f IGN!'flON r: t~ :.. (;. G CONTINUOUS K'".t:mou \'./ (';"-... 3,; '- IAll1tr Sf;'.!? 1 lq UfM to""" 10 ""' PVH NH 1061CP 't!; IOUOP 1oUl1U.!..,,..,,. ~;. -~ ~-# rl rj.. r 1'... : 011 ': ' roa u.it:1'0. J.tNt " 1,, When should the Continuous Ignition be turned on? T,O. 1C-141A-l lists five (5) situations. Turn the Continuous Ignition ON: 1. when called for on the STARTING ENGINES checklist and leave ON until reaching cruise altitude. 2. for flight in known or anticipated icing conditions. 3. prior to turning Engine Anti-I ce ON. 4. when entering moderate or heavy turbulence. 5. when called for on the DESCENT checklist. Please TURN to Page 46.

51 From Page 45 It's review time again. Page 46 tg:rc Answer the questions below to see how well you know the Starting and Ignition system. 1. The pneumatic starter is located on the rear of the Drive 2. What are the sources of pneumatic power that could be used to turn the Starter? a. APU. b. External ground source. c. An operating engine. d. Any of the above. 3. In the spaces provided below, fill in the Minimum and Maximum Manifold Pressure for starting. 4. What are the duty cycles imposed upon the Starter to prevent damage? a. 1.5 minutes ON, 5 minutes OFF for any number of cycles. b. 1 minute ON, 30 seconds OFF; 1 minute ON, 30 seconds OFF; 1 minute ON, 30 minutes OFF. c. Both a and b are correct. Please TURN to Page 47 and check your answers.

52 From Page 46 Page 47 Below are listed the correct answers for the questions on Page 46. Check your answers and make any corrections necessary. 1. Main Accessory. 2. "d" - Any of the above PSI MIN PSI MAX. 4. "c" - Both a and b are correct. Please TURN to Page 48 and continue the review. i,

53 From Page 47 Page 48 Please continue the review. 5. Is there a visual indication on the flight deck to tell the flight crew that the starter control valve has opened or closed? a. No - There is no indication. b. Yes - A STARTER VALVE OPEN light illuminates or extinguishes. 6. The "pop-out" range for the starter button is: a % Nz RPM. b % N 2 RPM. c % Nz RPM. ~ d % N2 RPM. 7. The "pull-out" limit for the Starter Button is: a. 35% N2. b. 45% N2 c. 45% N1 d. 35% N1 8. In the spaces provided below, name the items used to control the Starting and Ignition system. Please TURN to Page 49 and check your answers.

54 From Page 48 Page 49 Check your answers and make any corrections necessary. 5. Yes - A STARTER VALVE OPEN light illuminates or extinguishes. 6. "d" % Nz RPM. 7. "b" - 45% N 2 RPM. 8. Fuel and Start Ignition switches Continuous Ignition switch Starter Buttons Please TURN to Page 50. a.

55 From Page 49 Page 50 Please continue the review. 9. The Ignition Exciter contains how many separate ignition systems? a. One. b. Two. c. Three. d. Four 10. What is the rating of the Continuous Ignition system? a. 2-Joule. b. 4-Joule. c. 6-Joule. d. 8-Joule. 11. What is the rating of the Intermittent ignition system? a. 10-Joule. b. 15-Joule. c. 20-Joule. d. 25-Joule. 12. What is the power source for the Intermittent ignition and the power source for the Continuous ignition system. a. Bus. b... -, Please TURN to Page 51

56 t ). fl' ' From Page 50 Page 51 Check your answers and make any corrections necessary. 9. "b" - two. 10. "b" - 4-Joule. 11. "c" - 20-Joule. 12. Isolated DC Bus Essential AC Buses. This completes the programmed instructions on the Starting and Ignition System. In the next program we will explain the necessary procedures and limits for making an engine start. If you would like to review any part of the system, the subjects start on the following pages: I ' SUBJECT 1. Pneumatic Starter 2. Starter Control Valve 3. Pneumatic Ducting 4. Ignition Exciter 5. High Tension Leads 6. Sparkigniters 7. Pilots Overhead Control Panel Fuel & Start Ignition Switches Continuous Ignition Switch Starter Buttons PAGE