Using Drilling Dynamics To Reduce Drilling costs

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Allen Holland
5 years ago
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1 1 Welcome

2 Using Drilling Dynamics To Reduce Drilling costs 2

3 Using Drilling Dynamics The cost of the drill bit, mud motor, and other BHA components depends the downhole conditions in which they operate. 3

4 Factors of Drilling Dynamics Rock type Pressure Temperature Differential pressure Rotational speed Torque Vibration Drilling fluid Flow rate WOB Mud Motor MWD 4

5 BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly) BHA design is critical for maximizing ROP. Varies for vertical, curve, and lateral wells Ideally reduces deviations from well plan Goal is to reduce time to drill the well 5

6 Factors that determine ROP Hydraulics Consistent WOB Bit Type Formation Rock Properties Bit RPM BHA Design Drill String RPM 6

7 Making Hole WOB (Weight On Bit) ROP (Rate of Penetration) Operators select speed of the drill bit (RPM) and weight on bit (WOB) that provides the greatest rate of penetration ( ROP ). This may not be most cost effective method of drilling. Higher ROP can generally be obtained at higher WOB and higher RPM, however it can reduce the operating life of the components of the BHA. 7

8 Importance Of Drilling Mechanics BHA components can fail or become ineffective, forcing the drilling operation to shut down. Tripping out of hole to replace or repair BHA components costs time and money. 8

9 Advantage of Monitoring Drilling Mechanics Helps optimize ROP while monitoring drilling conditions that could damage BHA components. Utilizing drilling mechanics data can identify dysfunctions that could cause a component failure or loss of drilling efficiency. 9

10 Rotary Steerable (Push the Bit) Mud flowing through a three way disk valve activates the pads. The three pads push on the formation (Push the bit) to guide the bit direction. 10

11 Rotary Steerable (Point the Bit) In the point-the-bit system, the bent housing' is contained within the collar of the tool. This bent housing' is controlled by means of an electric motor, which rotates counter to the direction, and at the same velocity as the drill string. This control allows the bent housing' to remain geostationary (non-rotating), while the collar is rotating. 11

Advantages of a Rotary Steerable Increased rate of penetration (ROP) by: Eliminating sliding and orienting motors Consistently doglegging through the curve Reducing torque and drag

12 Advantages of a Rotary Steerable Increased rate of penetration (ROP) by: Eliminating sliding and orienting motors Consistently doglegging through the curve Reducing torque and drag (smooth well-bore) Improving hole cleaning (consistent rotation). Faster casing runs (smooth well-bore) Improving cement jobs (gauged hole) Selecting bits for performance not steerability. 12

13 Rotary Steerable Problems/Solution Pressure drops can effect tool steering Electronic guidance failure. Costly to operate Destructive vibration modes can cause premature failures of the system and the bit. Solution: MWD Monitoring downhole information very closely, and critical trends need to be addressed and resolved at a very early stage 13

14 Drill String Excitation Devices Agitator and similar device use an oscillating valve assembly (OVA) and stationary valve assembly (SVA). The OVA and SVA are set up to a specific pressure drop and flow range for each application. This setup is included on each build sheet that accompanies the tool into the field. The OVA is driven by a power section, which creates pressure pulses. Their frequency is directly proportional to the flow rate. 14

15 Shock Subs Agitators are run in conjunction with a shock tool that allows for axial movement from the pressure build up. The specialized shock tool is placed above the agitator in the drill string. It contains a series of individual Bellville stack springs that allows for approximately a quarter inch in travel. The shock tool converts pressure pulses into axial movement. The impulse force resulting may be utilized in a variety of ways, including providing a hammer-drilling effect at the drill bit, and vibrating the BHA to reduce friction between the BHA and the bore wall 15

16 Reasons for using MWD Drilling Mechanics data Monitoring Damaging Shock and Vibration Reduce Stick Slip Minimize Formation damage Improve Hole Cleaning Monitor Pressure Changes Reduce MWD and Mud Motor Failures Reducing Drill String Failures 16

17 17 Utilizing the Drilling Mechanics Log

18 18 Gamma (Formation)

19 19 Pressure

20 20 RPM (Rotational Speed)

21 Torque / RPM T O R Q U E 21

22 22 Weight on Bit

23 23 Vibration

24 What is needed in a state of the art MWD system? Improved resistance to all types of mud systems, LCM, and temperatures Improved MTBF and longer downhole life Improved resistance to hostile drilling conditions Wider operating range of flow rates Lower cost per circulating hour Faster data rates and improved signal detection Real time drilling mechanics, including XY axis and Z axis shock and vibration measurements, stick slip, and dynamic inclination Shock dampening methods to protect entire MWD system from aggressive drilling practices 24

MWD Shock Dampening Technology Isolates the entire MWD tool from damaging axial shock and vibration Does NOT move vital MWD sensors further from the bit Facilitates faster data

25 MWD Shock Dampening Technology Isolates the entire MWD tool from damaging axial shock and vibration Does NOT move vital MWD sensors further from the bit Facilitates faster data rates to allow for real time drilling mechanics information and improve log quality Minimizes wear and extends life of entire MWD system Does not alter desired drilling practices 25

26 Thanks! Let s Get Drilling. 26

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