Dark and light bottle studies in the lower York River, Virginia, June August 1962

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1 College of William and Mary W&M ScholarWorks Reports 963 Dark and light bottle studies in the lower York River, Virginia, June 96 - August 962 ernard C. Patten D. K. Young Charles L. Rutherford Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Marine iology Commons Recommended Citation Patten,. C., Young, D. K., Rutherford, C. L., & Virginia Institute of Marine Science. (963) Dark and light bottle studies in the lower York River, Virginia, June 96 - August 962. Special scientific report (Virginia Institute of Marine Science); no. 45. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact scholarworks@wm.edu.

2 l DARK AND LIGHT OTTLE STUDIES IN THE LOWER YORK RIVER, VIRGINIA JUNE 96 - AUGUST 962 VIRGINIA INSTITU'l'E OF MARINE SCIENCE SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO

3 l I VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF tarine SCIENCE GLOUCESTER POINT, VIRGI~iA DARK AND LIGHT OTTLE STUDIES IN THE LONER YORK RIVER, VIRGINIA JUNE 96 - AUGUST 962 ernard c. Patten David K. Young and Charles L. Rutherford SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 45 This report does not congtitute final publication. vj. J. Hargis DirectOl" March 963

4 r ~. DARK AND LIGHT artije STUDIES IN THE LOWER YORK RIVER, VIRGINIA June 96 - August 962 Data obtained by tlle Planktology Department in 22 productivity experiments performed in situ at a permanent station about 300 yards -- off the VIMS pier in the York River are reported. This work is a continuation of a long term evaluation of production levels at this site, (VIMS Spec. Sci. Rep. No. 22), as measured by the dark and light bottle differential oxygen method. Hean low \'later at the station during the study period was about 28 ft. Hydrographic determinations included vertical profiles of temperature, chlorinity, extinction coefficients and dissolved oxygen. Temperatures (Table ) were obtained with a thermistor unit or thermometer. Chlorinity (Table 2) was titrated with silver nitrate. Extinction coefficients (Table 3) t.-jere calculated from optical densities obtained colorimetrically with a neutral filter at the beginning and end of each experiment, and mean values for the upper 0 ft used to estimate light intensity at different depths and for the vjhole water column (Table 4). Dissolved oxygen (Table S) was determined by the unmodified Winkler method in the first seven experiments, and by the azide modification thereafter. Inorganic and ash-free suspended solids (Table 6) were determined begin~ ning with the tenth experiment by filtering water through tared (HA) Millipore filters, desiccating filters plus residues, weighing for total seston, then ashing at 600 C, rehydrating the ash, desiccating, and weighing again to obtain ash weight.

5 -2- The productivity experiments, all of 24 hourst duration, were designed as described previously (VIJYIS Spec. Sci. Rep, No. 22), except that in the first nine experiments light bottles vjere suspended only at the same depths from which the samples were obtained, other combinations of suspension depth for a given collection depth being omitted. Results, in units of oxygen concentration, were converted to gcal cm-2 based on PQ(+0 2 /-C02) ==.00 for experiments... 9, and PQ ==.25 for experiments Reported are rross production at various depths and integral gr'oss production in the upper 20 ft (Table 7), gross production of samples suspended at all combinations of collection depths (Table 8), respiration at various depths and integral respiration (Table 9), net production at the different depths and integral net production (Table 0), and net production of samples suspended at a.ll combinations of collection depths (Table ). Gross produc tion efficiencies relative to available light at each suspension depth, and integral efficiencies fo::." the upper 20 ft of the water column both with respect to integral and incident radiation are also p~esented (Table 2). Dist:>ibution of this report does not constitute publication, and the data are subject to correction ahd/or revision. ernard C. Patten David K, Young Cha:t'le s Rutherford March 5, 963 '

6 3 EXPERIMENT DATES Exp. No. Dates -- Jun 27-28, 96 2 Ju -2, 96 3 Ju 8-9, 96 4 Ju 25 26, 96 5 Aug -2, 96 6 Aug 0-, 96 7 Aug 5-6, 96 8 Aug 22-23, 96 9 Aug 29-30, 96 0 Oct 9-0, 96 Oct 23-24, 96 2 Nov 6 7' 96 8 Nov 20-2, 96 4 Dec -2, 96 5 Jan 8-9, Feb 8-9, tllar 5-6, Apr , Hay 8-9, Jun 4-5, Jul 0-, Aug 6-7, 962

7 4 Table. Vertical temperature profiles, oc, at the beginning () and end (E) of each experiment. Exp. SUrface 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft 25 ft No. E E E E E E : ] ll ~6.0

8 surface Table 2. vertical profile; of chlorinity, % at the beginning () ani end () of each experiment 4 ft 8 ft 2 ft ft E ft E ~9: ' u.o ] E ft E ft E u.8l

9 6 Table 3. Extinction coefficients, m-, at various depths in the ~<mter column at the beginning () and end (E) of each experiment. Hean coefficients ( "Y( ) for the upper 0 ft are indicated. Expt Surface 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft 25 ft r; NO. E E E E E E E E so QL) o o o ss Sl , O.E o o ;99 o l o o o. ~8 o

10 Table 4. Daily radiation (Iz,) at z = o, 2, 6, 0, 4, 8 and 22 ft, and integral radiation in the upper 20 ft of the water column (I J ~), in gcal cm-2. Exp. No. Io I2 I6 Io I4 I9 22 r]~ , S.S o.oo

11 8 Table 5. Dissolved oxygen profiles) mg -, at the beginning of each experiment. Exp. No. Surface 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft 25 ft J.O , , ~; , ,05

12 S't Table 6. Suspended solids, organic (O) and inorganic (I), at each dep'ch at the start of experiments, mg - Exp. Surface 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft ottom No. 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I

13 0 Table 7. Gross production, gcal cm- 2, at various depths and in tegral values for the water column down to 20 ft. Exp. 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft Integral No o.oo , o , o.oo o.oo.28 4 o.os o.oo o.oo o.o Zl-O

14 Table 8. Gross production, gcal cm-2, in bottles containing t:jater samples obtained from 2, 6 and 0 ft which were suspended at all combinations of these collection depths. The first number of each pair in the column headings is collection depth, and the second number is suspension depth. Exp. (2,2) (6,2) (0,2) (2,6) (6,6) (0,6) (2,0) (6,0) (0,0) No , , o o.oo o.oo o o , o.ss o.oo

15 2 Table 9. Respiration, gcal cm-2, at various depths and integral values for the wate r column do\'m to 20 ft. Exp. 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft No. 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft Integral o l l ,09 0, o.oo o.oo o.s o.oo o.os o3l

16 3 Table 0. Net production, gcal cm-2, at various depths and integral values for the water column down to 20 ft. Exp. 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft 4 ft 8 ft 22 ft Integral No :o OS o.oo 0.0 o.oo -. o7 -o.o o.oo ~ o.os LJ. lg ,4G , ,o, 73 3, , ,

17 4 Table. Net production, gcal cm-2, in bottles containing water samples obtained from 2, 6 and 0 ft which were suspended at all combinations of these collection depths. The first number of each pair in the column headings is collection depth, and the second number suspension depth. Exp. (2,2) No. (6,2) (0,2) (2,6) (6,6) (0,6) (2,0) (6,0) (0,0) o.oo , , , ,07 -o.o , , o.os ,6 o.os , , o.os , , o.8o ,73,

18 ', 5 Table 2. Gross production efficiency per unit light, gcal kca- at 2, 6 and 0 ft, and integral production per unit integral and incident radiation. Exp, 2 ft 6 ft 0 ft Integral Incident No o.oo 0.0 o.oo o.oo 3 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0.2 o.oo o.oo 5 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.os o.os o.os 0 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oe o.oo o.oo 2 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo 0.0 o.oo o.os o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.o o.oj. 20 o.oo 0, o.oo o.oo 2 o.oo o.oo o.oo