Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems. Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: Head of department, eaircraft Hungary, Siemens Zrt.

Transcription

1 Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: Head of department, eaircraft Hungary, Siemens Zrt.

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3 Trends in Transport Transportation becomes electric In the air On the ground Page 3 On water Why? harmful effects Hybrid - electrical benefits How did it begin? Where are we now? Further directions?

4 Harmful effects of aviation NOISE POLLUTION Different frequencies of engine and propeller noise Increasing restrictions on airports Take-off: NOx AIR POLLUTION Aviation in passengers number is 1% of all transportation, but uses 10-15% of all transport fuel Typical emissions: SO2 emission is lower than in other vehicles Significant NOx emissions Emissions of unburned hydrocarbons Emissions of solid particles CO emission Cruising: NOx Promoting greenhouse effect: CO2 and kerosene are burned, water curdles above 9,000m, with ice layer as a greenhouse effect NOx emissions of aircrafts flying close to ozone shield (can reach 1Mt per year) increase size of ozone hole, NOx causing ozone to break down through various reactions Page 4 Landing + taxiing: High hydrocarbon (CxHx) High CO Source: Élhető Környezetünkért Egyesület

5 The aviation industry is on the verge of a major shift towards electrified propulsion 1. Reduction of fuel consumption: main lever to reduce aircraft TCO (example ) 51% Fuel 20% Purchase 15% Crew 14% 100% Maintenance, modific., insur., fees TCO 2. Projected emission goals: can only be reached with disruptive concepts 1) CO 2 mn ton Possible through innovation of existing technologies Requires biofuels and/or disruptive concepts (e.g. eaircraft) EU agreement Flight-path 2050 : 90% emission reduction 3. Customer perspective: extension of potential operating hours through noise reduction Airbus: hybrid electric propulsion roadmap defined for demonstration (TRL s) and product development until Hybrid Electric Systems Project Hybrid Ground Demonstrator, 10 MW platform <2 MW potential platform applications vertical take off and landing (VTOL), door-to-door 2025 Regional Aircraft 100 passengers, 6-8 MW Short Range Aircraft passengers, 20MW 1) IATA technology roadmap, June 2013 Page 5

6 Hybrid or electric drive system? Hybrid Internal combustion engine in optimum operation point Parallel hybrid: electric motor torque addition Serial hybrid: Internal combustion engine designed for crusing power Take off / landing with electric machine Distributed drive system Energy storage / generation can be separated from thrust generation Noise reduction (only propeller noise is heard) Pollutant emissions decrease (electric: zero emission) Page 6 PURE BATTERY (Current technology): training, sightseeing, agricultural

7 Milestones of aviation First aircraft capable of transporting a person Hot-air balloon made of paper Montgolfier brothers 1783, Paris First electric powered aircraft Siemens electric motor Gaston/Albert Tissandier 1883, Paris First motor powered airplane Wright brothers 17.Dec.1903 (3m high, 37m lengths) First e-powered plane István Petróczy, Tódor Kármán and Vilmos Zsurovecz 1917 first take-off 650kg HP engine Page 7

8 Milestones of electric aviation First electric aircraft 1973, Austria Militky and Brditschka One 10 kw motor Ni-Cd batteries First serial hybrid aircraft 2011, Wiener Neustadt Diamond-Siemens, Airbus First electric flying around the Globe engines, m 2 solar panels 4 x 41kWh Li (633 kg) First electric powered aerobatic aircraft EXTRA 330Le Siemens electric motor Several word records 2016 Page 8

9 Elektromos repülés úttörői Hy4 Taurus Electro Page 9

10 e-genius Page 10

11 Pipistrel Elektromos Alpha repülés Electroúttörői Page 11

12 Silence Elektromos Twisterepülés úttörői Page 12

13 EXTRA 330LE Page 13

14 Hy4 Elektromos repülés úttörői Page 14

15 Magnus efusion Page 15

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17 Magnus efusion - fully electric aircraft propulsion system installed firewall-forward Aircraft Data Battery system Auxiliary system Controller Empty weight including batteries and parachute MTOW Wingspan 410 kg 600 kg 8.4 m Electric Motor with Bearing Length Height 6.6 m 2.4 m Inverter Cooling Power Propulsion System Data 45 kw MCP 60 kw MTOP 85 kw max. N max 2500 rpm DC-link voltage (nominal) 350 VDC ( V) Torque M Boost 324 Nm Battery 10.1 kwh Max. airspeed 110 KIAS Page 17

18 Long-term prospects Page 18 Source: NASA

19 Siemens eaircraft R&D activities At Siemens we have a long history in electrifying transport Siemens allocated resources on R&D in the field of electric aviation Siemens is expert in drive systems (machine and hardware) Siemens is an expert in digitalization (embedded and PLM) We have found the right partners (Airbus & smaller OEM s) Erlangen Creating certification basis Development of certified components München Taufkirchen Airbus-Siemens collaboration Drive system R&D activities for general aviation Budapest Low power drive systems for small aircrafts Battery competence Page 19

20 Siemens eaircraft Hungary Modeling and simulation Energy storage systems Hardware development Electric drive systems Mechanical design Power electronics Page 20

21 Value add from Hungary Research and development activities: Battery system Vehicle control system Motor / Battery Holder Auxiliary system Display + CAN communication Integration of the drive system into the aircraft Cooling system Design and design of instrument panel Battery Charger Motor design Production of the componentes Validation and testing: Component level System level In the aircraft Page 21

22 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: Page 22 Sources of the pictures: Wikipedia, Youtube, Google, Pipistrel, Siemens, EXTRA, Hy4, Shuttershock, Hamiltonwatch