European Battery Cell R&I Workshop

Transcription

1 European Battery Cell R&I Workshop Setting Short and Medium Term Priorities Brussels, January 2018 DG Research & Innovation Contact organisers: Spread the word on Twitter: #EUTransportResearch Ask your question: Slido.com #Batteries

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3 CONTENTS 1. FOREWORD 3 2. AGENDA 4 3. BIOGRAPHIES 6 3. DISCUSSION PAPER USEFUL DOCUMENTS 32

4 FOREWORD Dear Colleague, We have the great pleasure of welcoming you to the "European Battery Cell R&I: Setting short and medium-term priorities" workshop, organised by the European Commission, DG Research and Innovation. The transport and energy sectors play a crucial role as they account for almost three quarters of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing climate change and meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement requires specific means for energy storage in Europe's current transformation to efficient low-emission transport and a sustainable energy economy. Therefore, batteries can provide vital solutions to achieve electrification of the transport system and to integrate battery storage energy systems. The European Commission has launched a framework called "EU Battery Alliance" to support the development of a competitive ecosystem on batteries across Europe and to facilitate the setup of manufacturing capabilities in Europe. This initiative will eventually decrease technological dependency through creating know-how on critical components and providing new jobs and revenues in Europe. As part of the efforts done by the European Commission, in the current Research and Innovation Work Programme for , four topics with a total EC budget of EUR 100 million, have already been published to support the development of the next generation electrochemistry and production technologies for mobility and energy storage applications. However, an extra budget of EUR 100 million has become available to finance new topics to be included in the Work Programme for 2019 and To this end, the objective of this workshop is to achieve concrete results in identifying the topics descriptions for the yearly revisions of the Work Programme for 2019 and 2020 with an additional budget of EUR 100 million. The present document includes agenda, discussion paper that will steer the discussions in break-out sessions, pictures and biographies of all speakers and links to some useful documents. We also invite you to spread the word on Twitter by using the hashtag #EUTransportResearch You will be able to ask your questions through Slido.com using the hashtag #Batteries when it is foreseen. Once again, we would like to wish you a warm welcome to the workshop and we hope you will have fruitful and enjoyable discussions. Brussels, January 2018 European Commission, DG Research and Innovation 3

5 1. AGENDA Venue: Albert Borschette Congress Center (CCAB) - Rue Froissart 36, 1040 Brussels Room: 0A 13:00-14:00 Registration 11 JANUARY Presented by: Jean-François AGUINAGA, Head of Unit, European Commission, DG RTD - Surface transport 14:00-14:15 Welcome - Clara DE LA TORRE Director, European Commission, DG RTD - Transport 14:15-14:30 European Battery Alliance - Gwenole COZIGOU Director, European Commission, DG GROW - Industrial Transformation and Advanced Value Chains 14:30-14:40 Batteries - a major opportunity - Said El KHADRAOUI Adviser, European Political Strategy Center 14:40-14:55 "Advanced Technologies and Materials for Mobility: A Coordinated Approach" - Peter DROELL Director, European Commission, DG RTD Industrial Technologies 14:55-15:05 Linking with SET Plan action 7 José COTTA Head of Unit, European Commission, DG RTD Advanced Energy Production 15:05-15:45 Overview of battery cell technologies- Marcel MEEUS EMIRI 15:45-16:15 Coffee Break Moderator: Marcel MEEUS, EMIRI 16:15-16:35 Progress and Challenges: Generation 3b - Tobias PLACKE Division Manager, Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology 16:35-16:55 Progress and Challenges: Generation 4 - Céline BARCHASZ Research Scientist, CEA Liten 16:55-17:15 Research Validation Pilot Lines Network - Oscar Miguel CRESPO Business Development Manager, CIDETEC Energy Storage 17:15-17:45 Establishing Manufacturing Base in Europe - Paolo CERRUTI COO, Northvolt 17:45-18:00 Wrap-up - Jean-François AGUINAGA Head of Unit, European Commission, DG RTD - Surface transport 18:00 Networking drink 4

6 12 JANUARY Break-out sessions rooms: 0A & 0B & 0C Plenary room: 0A 08:00-09:00 Registration and Welcome Coffee 09:00-11:00 Break-out Sessions Room Session 1: Advanced Lithium-ion technologies (generation 3b) - Josef AFFENZELLER, AVL; Maximilian FICHTNER, Helmholtz Session 2: Next generation solid-state Lithium-ion technologies (Generation 4) - Simon PERRAUD, CEA; Noshin OMAR, VUB Session 3: Technologies for stationary storage applications - Lucia GRÜETER, Leclanché; Fabrice STASSIN, EMIRI 0B 0A 0C 11:00-11:30 Coffee break 11:30-12:30 Break-out Sessions cont. Session 1: Advanced Lithium-ion technologies (generation 3b) - Room 0A cont. Session 2: Next generation solid-state Lithium-ion technologies (Generation 4) Session 4: Research validation pilot line network - Oscar Miguel CRESPO, CIDETEK Energy Storage; Michael KRAUSA, KLiB Room 0B 0A 0C 13:00 14:00 Lunch break 14:00-15:00 Conclusions from Sessions by moderators or rapporteurs (introduced by Jean-François AGUINAGA) 15:00-16:30 Shaping the future of battery cell manufacturing in Europe Moderator: Marcel MEEUS Clara de la TORRE, Director Transport Peter DROELL, Director Industrial Technologies Patrick CHILD, Director Energy 16:30 Wrap-up - Clara DE LA TORRE Director, European Commission, DG RTD - Transport 5

7 2. BIOGRAPHIES Clara de la Torre, Director, DG RTD, Transport Directorate Since 1 February 2016, Clara de la Torre is appointed Director for 'Transport' in the Directorate-General for Research & Innovation at the European Commission, marking the forth assignment at such position in the course of last 8 years. Previously, starting in 2014, she was responsible for the dossier 'Key Enabling Technologies', following a 3-years' appointment as Director in the field of 'Research and Innovation.' In her first post as a Director, from 2008 to 2010, she was in charge of 'Inter-institutional and legal matters related to the Framework Programme' at the European Commission. After a couple of years in private sector, her professional career was focussing on the research policies which became the springboard to working opportunities at the European Commission in In the late 90's, she was dealing with 'National Research Policies & Intergovernmental Cooperation.' She was also working at the EU Joint Research Centre both in Brussels and Seville, where she was Advisor to the Director of the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Clara de la Torre has a degree in Economics and Business Administration from the Universidad Autónoma of Madrid. Gwenole Cozigou, Director, DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, Industrial Transformation and Advanced Value Chains Directorate An economist by training, he has been an official in the European Commission since 1985 in the fields of Enterprise and Industrial Policy and of External Relations. First working in the area of food industry within the Internal Market and Industrial Affairs Directorate-General (DG), he joined the service in charge of relations with Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR in 1989, and became Assistant to the responsible Deputy Director-General in 1990 until 1996 when he came back to Enterprise and Industry DG. A former Deputy-Head of Office of Commissioner Liikanen in charge of enterprise and industrial policy, he has occupied several management positions: Since December 2008, he has been Director in DG GROWTH (DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs), in charge of competitiveness issues and EU internal market legislation for several industrial sectors, including REACH, engineering industries, medical devices, raw materials, etc.. His main responsibilities today cover: circular economy, energy union and energy-intensive industries, construction, automotive industries, raw materials, engineering industries. 6

8 Saïd El Khadraoui, Adviser, European Political Strategy Centre Saïd El Khadraoui is adviser at the European Political Strategy Centre (EPSC), the in-house think tank of the European Commission reporting directly to the President. EPSC provides strategic analysis and policy advice for the President on matters related to the policy priorities. In the team he is mainly dealing with the transition towards a low-carbon and circular economy, transport and sustainable finance. Prior to joining the EPSC he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2003 to 2014, where he was co-ordinator and spokesperson for the Group of the Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the Transport Committee and substitute member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He has also been a Member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives, in 2003, Deputy Major of Leuven from 2001 to 2003 and an official at the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( and ). He has a Master's degree in history from the University of Leuven, Belgium, and in international relations from Leuven and the Institut d'etudes Politiques in Paris, France. Peter Droell, Director, DG RTD, Industrial Technologies Directorate Peter Droell is in charge of Industrial Technologies in the European Commission's Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. In this capacity, he oversees the optimal integration of Research and Innovation in the design and implementation of relevant EU policies that contribute to Europe's industrial and technological leadership. His previous positions in the European Commission include financial control of the Joint Research Centre, enforcement of EU environmental legislation, accession negotiations with Poland and coordination of the environment negotiations with all accession countries, Innovation Policy and European Research Area Policy. He was a Cabinet member of Enlargement Commissioner Günter Verheugen and Head of Cabinet of the Science and Research Commissioner Janez Potočnik. Peter is a lawyer by training with a doctorate degree in German constitutional law and European law. Before joining the European Commission in 1991, Peter worked as a lawyer in a German law firm. José Cotta, Head of Unit Advanced Energy Production, DG RTD, Energy Directorate José Cotta graduated in Mathematics from the University of Lisbon, Portugal in 1978 and has a PhD in Logic Programming. He was researcher in the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering in Lisbon and joined the European Commission in 1986 where he has held various management positions. He is currently the Head of Unit for Advanced Energy Production of the Energy Directorate in DG RTD. 7

9 Marcel Meeus, EMIRI Marcel Meeus started his career in 1970 at Metallurgy Hoboken-Overpelt (later progressively transformed into the present Company Umicore) and within Umicore he held several and highly diversified functions on several levels in Research & Development, Production, Application Management, Business Development and Battery Business Line Management. In 2007 he took up the coordination of a team focused on Technology Scouting for Umicore with a particular focus on Clean Technologies and Energy Storage. In 2010 he re-joined the Business Line Rechargeable Battery Materials as Energy Storage Technology Director. In January 2013 he retired after 42 years with Umicore and he started a private consulting company SUSTESCO, Sustainable Energy Services Consulting. As consultant he is expert in Li-Ion markets (e-mobility and energy storage), battery technologies and future material and system developments. As consultant he is amongst others active within EMIRI (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative). Jean-François Aguinaga, Head of Unit Surface Transport, DG RTD, Transport Directorate Jean-François Aguinaga is Head of Unit Surface Transport, Directorate General (DG) Research and Innovation at European Commission. He studied at the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, one of the leading French business schools, had a PhD in roman languages and civilisations at the University of Paris, as well as a master in public administration. In his professional career, he went through management positions at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in Paris and abroad (Latin America, USA, Middle East). He joined the European Commission in September 1994, within a team in charge of economic co-operation with Latin America. In 2002, he joined the DG Enterprise and Industry where he was the sherpa drafting the current generation of financial instruments for SMEs ( ). Since September 2006, he has been responsible for the EIC network, then from 2008 for the phasing-in of the Enterprise Europe Network, the biggest network of business and innovation services ever setup with the support of the European Commission. After leading the "Textile, fashion, design and creative industries" unit in DG Enterprise and Industry and the "European standards" unit in DG Growth, he joined the DG for Research and Innovation in

10 Patrick Child, Deputy Director-General, DG RTD Patrick Child is Deputy Director-General and acting Director of Energy Directorate in DG RTD. Until April 2016, Patrick Child was Managing Director of the European External Service with responsibility for administration and finance, covering human resources policy, security and the budget. Before he took up this post in 2011, he was director in the External Relations Directorate General in the European Commission responsible for the management of the network of Commission delegations. He has previously served as head of cabinet for External Relations Commissioners Benita Ferrero-Waldner and before that Chris Patten from With a background in the UK Finance Ministry, he joined the European Commission in 1994, where he started in the Economic and Monetary affairs Directorate General before becoming Commission press spokesman for economic and monetary union from Mr Child studied mathematics at Cambridge University. Tobias Placke, Division Manager, Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology Tobias Placke is the division manager of the Materials division at the MEET Battery Research Center (University of Münster, Münster, Germany). In this division, a group of about 20 PhD students and PostDocs works on the synthesis, optimization and characterization of improved anode and cathode active materials as well as inactive components for the next generation of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Besides LIBs, the group also focusses on the development of alternative battery storage technologies. Tobias Placke studied chemistry at the University of Münster and received his diploma in the group of Prof. Martin Winter in the field of physical chemistry in He finished his doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) at MEET in 2014 and focused on the development and characterization of anode materials for lithium ion batteries in his PhD thesis. Céline Barchasz, Research Scientist, CEA Liten Céline Barchasz received her Ph.D. in materials science and electrochemistry about the development of lithium/suphur battery technology in 2011 from Grenoble University (France), in collaboration with LEPMI laboratory (Grenoble France). Since 2011, she works as a R&D engineer in the battery materials laboratory in CEA-LITEN (Grenoble France). She is the author of 14 papers and has filled 11 patents. She is currently involved in different projects in the field of lithium batteries, in particular for post lithium-ion batteries. 9

11 Oscar Miguel Crespo, Business Development Manager, CIDETEC Energy Storage Oscar Miguel holds a PhD in Chemistry by the University of the Basque Country (Spain). He works for CIDETEC Energy Storage as Business Development Manager both for the European and National market. He has been involved in energy related industrial research activities for more than 15 years including technology generation and transfer, and product development. Today he is focused in battery energy storage, with background in fuel cells also. The team that he represents currently covers all the value chain from materials to battery packs, including battery cell manufacturing, and is involved in several Horizon 2020 projects and industrial contracts with international companies. He participates in several EU level platforms and associations where energy storage and its applications is relevant, including EGVIA, EMIRI, EERA and EARPA, where he is chairing the Electric Vehicle Systems and Components Task Force. Paolo Cerruti, COO, Northvolt Paolo Cerruti is part of Northvolt's founding team and COO of the company. Before starting Northvolt, he was at Tesla Motors in Palo Alto as VP Global Supply Chain and Industrial Strategy tasked to rationalize strategic industrial activities and plan the next operations for the company. At Tesla Paolo built from scratch several organizations across Supply Chain and Manufacturing in the middle of an exponential growth (100s to 17,000). Prior to move to Silicon Valley, he had career in Engineering, Program Management and Supply Chain for Renault-Nissan group in France, Japan and India. Right out of college, Paolo co-founded a pioneering.com in the space of online recruitment (three years before google was even incorporated!). He holds a double engineering MS from Politecnico di Torino and Ecole Centrale Paris. Josef Affenzeller, Director of Research Coordination, AVL Josef Affenzeller is Director of Research Coordination at AVL List GmbH in Graz, Austria. He holds a doctorate in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Graz. Since 1994, he has coordinated many international RTD projects, acted as expert evaluator for FP4 and 5, participated in several EC working group committees and coordinated several European research networks. He has been a chairman of EARPA (European Automotive Research Partners Association), a member of the Ad-hoc advisory group on the European Green Car Initiative (EGCI) and the IST Advisory Group (ISTAG). He is currently General Secretary of ERTRAC SIG (Supporting Institutions Group) as well as EGVIA (European Green Vehicles Initiative Association) in Brussels and Chairman of ECSEL Austria. 10

12 Maximilian Fichtner, Director of the Helmholtz- Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Storage (HIU) Maximilian Fichtner is a full professor (W3) for Solid State Chemistry at the Ulm University and head of Materials-I at the Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Storage (HIU), a German Center of Excellence in Battery Research, with approx. 130 employees. Since 2015 he is also Executive Director of the institute. His current research interest is on novel principles for electrochemical energy storage and the related materials in insertion and conversion-type battery systems. Recent work has focused on the new class of Li rich materials with rocksalt structure, anionic shuttles, magnesium batteries, and ultrafast organic electrode materials with high specific energies. He has published more than 250 research and conference papers and is (co-)author of 20 patent applications. His h index is 41. Simon Perraud, Vice President for European Affairs, CEA Liten Simon Perraud holds a M.Sc. from ESPCI Paris (2004), a Ph.D. in Physics from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie (2007), and a Habilitation degree from the Université Grenoble Alpes (2013), France. From 2004 to 2007, he was a doctoral researcher at the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation in Japan, studying electronic properties of semiconductor hetero-structures. He was a recipient of the Award of the Japan Society of Applied Physics in Simon joined CEA Liten in 2008, to develop new materials for energy applications. He had a key role in several public-private, collaborative research projects. Since 2016, he is the vice president for European affairs at CEA Liten, in charge of European programs on renewable energy, energy storage, energy efficiency and advanced materials. He is also vice chairman at EMIRI (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative), an industry-driven association which represents more than 60 organizations active in the field of advanced materials for clean energy and clean mobility technologies. Simon is author or co-author of more than 40 articles in peerreviewed international journals, and has filed more than 30 patents. 11

13 Noshin Omar, Director of the Battery Innovation Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Prof. Dr. Noshin Omar obtained his M.S. degree in Electronics and Mechanics from Erasmus University College Brussels. He obtained his PhD in 2012 in the department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology ETEC, at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. He is the Director of the Battery Innovation Center of VUB. Currently he is coordinating several national and European projects in the field of characterisation, electrical, thermal, electrochemical and lifetime modelling of various rechargeable energy storage systems. He was and is still active in various European projects such as SUPERLIB, BATTERIES2020, FIVEVB, ORCA, ASSURED, GHOST, OBELICS, IMAGE. He is author of more than 140 scientific publications. His research interests include characterisation, modelling (electrical, thermal, ageing) and system development of electrical double-layer capacitors and batteries in BEV s, PHEV s, HEV s and stationary applications. He is also active in several international standardisation committees such as ISO/TC 22/SC 37. Lucia Grüeter, Global Product Manager C&I, Leclanché As Global Product Manager C&I at Leclanché Lucia leads the development of new battery energy storage products for the global C&I market segment. She investigates new markets and business opportunities and act as a bridging coordinator between customers and internal departments. She elaborates project business plans, market analysis and business models for projects which combine renewables with battery energy storage and are typically situated behind the meter (BTM) or are remote microgrids. Before Leclanché, Lucia worked for the last eight years in renewable energy (PV, wind power) as project leader, consultant and in business operations where she was leading the development, construction and financing of PV power plants in Southern Europe and wind parks in Switzerland. 12

14 Fabrice Stassin, Managing Director, EMIRI Fabrice Stassin is Managing Director of the Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative (EMIRI) Association based in Brussels. He holds a Ph.D. in Chemistry & Materials Science as well as a Master in Management & Entrepreneurship from the University of Liège in Belgium. He worked a few years as Managing Director of a Belgium-based RTO (research & technology organisation) active in white biotech and later as Strategy Consultant at Accenture advising clients from chemical, oil, pharma industries in the Netherlands, Belgium and USA in the fields of innovation, sustainability, and value creation through mergers and acquisitions. In 2008, he joined Umicore (an industrial leader in advanced materials and recycling) as innovation manager covering clean technologies. Since 2012, he has been part of the Brusselsbased team of Umicore Government Affairs focusing on energy materials. Fabrice Stassin was instrumental in the development of the EMIRI Association, which he has managed since 2014 (on secondment from Umicore). EMIRI represents more than 60 organizations (industry, research, and associations) active in advanced materials for clean energy & clean mobility technologies. The association contributes to industrial leadership of developers, producers and users of advanced materials for clean energy & clean mobility by shaping an appropriate innovation, manufacturing / industrial and energy policy framework at the European level. Michael Krausa, KliB Michael Krausa is General Manager of KliB based in Berlin. He holds a dissertation in chemistry (electrochemistry) at the University of Bonn. He performed as a group leader of sensors/fuel cells at Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technologies (ICT) Pfinztal/Karlsruhe. Then he also worked as Head of Department of Applied Electrochemistry at Fraunhofer ICT Pfinztal/Karlsruhe. Prior joining to KliB he worked as Open Innovation Manager at Ciba AG/BASF SE. 13

15 European battery cell R&I: setting short and medium-term priorities Discussion paper 14

16 1. Context and background information Europe s current transformation to efficient low-emission transport and a sustainable energy economy requires specific means for energy storage. Batteries provide important solutions to achieve the overarching goal in electrification of the transport system and integrating battery energy storage systems. Recent market trends demonstrate that investments to intensify battery development and production will rise significantly in the coming years due to the expected increase in the uptake of electric vehicles and use of energy-storage applications. For this reason, the European Commission is supporting European battery cell competitiveness across the whole value chain through establishing the "Batteries Alliance." As a result, a new industrial and manufacturing value chain of battery cells would be created in Europe, avoiding technological dependency with respect to a critical component cells - and creating new jobs and revenues in Europe. To date, together with private investments, EU-funded projects have mobilised resources of EUR 555 million for battery research since 2008 (for more details please see Projects for Policy on Batteries report 1 ). In the current Research and Innovation Work Programme for four topics, with a total EC budget of 100 Million euros, have already been published to support the development of the next generation electrochemistry and production technologies for mobility and energy applications. Nevertheless, an extra budget of 100 million has become available to finance new topics to be included in the Work Programme for 2019 and In this regard, Directorate General for Research and Innovation (DG RTD) is organising the workshop "European battery cell R&I: setting short and medium-term priorities" to discuss the possible topics descriptions for determining how to wisely spend the extra budget. The workshop will gather around 270 participants across the whole value chain and will be held in Brussels on 11 and 12 January The primary objective of this discussion paper is to stimulate the discussion on different options and build consensus wherever possible

17 2. Objectives The additional budget will help to establish the future European base for mass production of next generation batteries by and will cover the following research themes: 1. Research on new materials and cell chemistry targeting the most promising technologies and on advanced production technologies; 2. Paving the way for the creation of new cell production pilot lines (targeting next generation technologies) operational by ; 3. Activities to ensure better accessibility to the existing cell production pilot lines to all research laboratories which are not equipped with such facilities for validation and testing purposes. Networking of existing pilot lines will be promoted, resulting in synergies and possibly technological harmonisation; 4. Dissemination and outreach activities to inform society about progress and efforts of EU driven work for this new initiative as well as recent actions. In line with these four priorities, there are many open research issues which have to be validated by stakeholders in order to achieve the maximal impact of the available research funding. The workshop will start with plenary session on Day 1 with presentations on state of the art chemistries, pilot lines and manufacturing processes from European perspective. On the Day 2, the discussions will take place in four technical break-out sessions on: Advanced Li-ion technologies (generation 3b) Next generation solid-state Li-ion technologies (generation 4) Technologies for stationary storage applications Research Pilot Line network The present discussion paper contributes to the definition of the main R&I challenges at the EU level and for each technical session suggestions on the following points (all or selected) are presented. the need for R&I actions possible R&I actions analysis of the impact Intellectual Property issues proposed discussion points 16

18 3. Overview One of the core priorities of the Energy Union is to speed up energy efficiency and decarbonisation of transport and energy sector through Research and Innovation (R&I). E- mobility facilitates the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and at the same time, e-mobility provides an opportunity for enhancing EU industrial competitiveness, a major enabler of future economic growth and job creation. To drive the transition to a low-carbon energy system based on renewables, the full integration of storage devices into the energy system can be reached by using batteries for large grid-scale electricity storage and for storage of local, mostly privately produced energy. Traction batteries are considered as a Key Enabling Technology in electric vehicle (EV) drive trains. Current traction batteries are, to a large extent, based on lithium-ion (Li-ion) chemistry which is expected to remain the technology of choice for many years to come (decades). In the longer future, other lithium (Li) and non-li based chemistries are expected to gain ground. As important as they are, evolutionary and/or disruptive technology improvements achieved through R&I are not sufficient to drive EU competitiveness in the battery sector as competitiveness in this sector largely depends on having a stable and secure battery manufacturing base. Manufacturing capacities should however be considered over the whole battery value chain from powder to power - including advanced materials development and production technologies, cell manufacturing, pack assembly and system integration for current lithiumion technologies and also for emerging and future technologies. Licencing of the existing patents from today's market leaders is a short-term way to establish production but new innovations must be quickly brought to market to ensure sustainability. In terms of chemistries, the core focus of the workshop is on Li-ion batteries, while attention and a certain support may be given to post-li-ion but exclusively to stationary storage applications. 17

19 SET plan targets The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) 2 aims to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. The SET-Plan promotes research and innovation efforts across Europe by supporting the most impactful technologies in the EU's transformation to a low-carbon energy system. Batteries are one of the 10 key actions (Action 7) identified in the Integrated SET-Plan which sets the objective for Europe to "Become competitive in the global battery sector to drive e- mobility and energy storage forward". The Action 7 aims to develop and demonstrate new technologies, manufacturing processes, science-based standards and regulations on batteries, in order to increase performance and safety and reduce the overall cost of battery systems used for storage purposes in the transport and other sectors. The R&I targets on battery performance, cost and manufacturing as set in the Declaration of Intent of Key Action 7 of the SET Plan are: a) Performance targets:

20 b) Cost targets: c) Manufacturing targets: * The energy storage capacity in GWh depends strongly on the implementation rate of intermittent renewable electricity sources and market models behind those. ** These targets are based on numbers defined in Directive 2006/66/EC. This Directive is being revised and targets should be consistent with the revised Directive. The R&I Activities endorsed by the SET-Plan to meet these targets, which are presented in the Action 7 Implementation Plan, are taken into account in this Discussion Paper. 19

21 4. On-going or recent EU research projects In February 2017, EMIRI tech talks and an EMIRI workshop on Advanced Materials for batteries were organised in collaboration with the NAMEC cluster, where on-going or recently closed projects on nanotechnologies & advanced materials for batteries presented their status and recommendations for future work (status February 2017): 19 projects were discussed. 3 Main conclusion from the workshop was that many projects show promising progress but fundamental breakthrough results have not fulfilled yet. Therefore, it is important to accelerate efforts in the upcoming Horizon 2020 Work Programme for and to clearly stress the priority actions concerning R&I topics and development of manufacturing and pilot plant capacities. Project for Policy (P4P) report on Batteries 4 analyses project result impact on future policy making, and highlights the technical achievements of EU-funded projects on batteries. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed, including to promote research on new battery materials and chemistries and to stimulate battery cell production in Europe. The Action 7 Implementation Plan 5 has taken into account relevant ongoing and completed projects and a list of such projects has been provided for all the battery R&I priorities (for automotive and stationary applications) which have been identified. In addition to the reports, European Commission together with the European Green Vehicles Initiative Association (EGVIA) has organised several events to disseminate results of European Projects on batteries. On 12 th October 2016 a cluster workshop on advanced automotive batteries research European projects contributions to the key user requirements - was organised. 6 The 1 st European Conference of results from road transport research projects took place on 29 th and 30 th November 2017 and included presentations on battery project results. 7 3 For more details Outcomes from the cluster workshop: 7 Outcomes from the conference as well as presentations are available here: 20

22 5. Technological Roadmaps & Session description Fig. 1 shows a classification of lithium-ion battery cell chemistries (published by Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität 8 and adopted by JRC 9 ). Fig.1 In addition, figure below (Fig.2) 10 provides an overview of potential technological advancements (with indicative performance) differentiated by technology: Fig. 2 (cell level) Currently, optimised LIB cells of generation-1 and -2a represent the core technology for xevs and for ES. Given the lead time from R&D on battery materials to their actual incorporation in large scale production of cells, these generations and incremental improvements to them are expected to remain the chemistry of choice for at least the next ten years. 9 As manufacturing capacity build-up for these chemistries is already ongoing in Asia particularly in China, it does not seem effective to spend significant efforts to establish a mass production chain in Europe on cell chemistries up to and including generation-2a. Efforts for establishing manufacturing capacity in Europe should therefore primarily target LIB cells of generation-2b and beyond and should focus on the operations in the production chain which are critical to ensure the better quality of the end-product, as they represent areas where IP may confer competitive advantage. 9 8 Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität: Roadmap integrierte Zell-und Batterieproduktion Deutschland, Jan JRC-EU Competitiveness in Advanced Li-ion Batteries for E-Mobility and Stationary Storage Applications Opportunities and Actions Steen, M., Lebedeva, N., Di Persio, F., Boon-Brett, L. 2017). 10 Author's source 21

23 SESSION 1: Advanced Li-ion technologies - Generation 3b Accessible market potential and TRL levels are given in Fig.3 in comparison with commercial Li-ion, LMP, Li S, Li Air and Solid State batteries. 11 Fig. 3 Why is there a need for R&I activity? Current Li-ion batteries are not yet close to their fundamental limits illustrated e.g. by their gravimetric & volumetric energy density, with current cell level state-of-the-art at Wh/kg & Wh/l and the expected fundamental limits at Wh/kg and 750 Wh/l. Such a drastic improvement of performance must be achieved through the development of Advanced Materials covering cathode, anode, binders, separators, electrolyte, current collectors and packaging materials as to enable new Li-ion batteries, with a particular focus on high voltage systems ( V), or high capacity systems. What are the specific R&I actions? Significant improvements in Advanced Materials are required, in order to make a progress beyond the state-of the-art technologies currently used in commercial cells for electric vehicles. Such Advanced Materials and cell design could be based on, among others, the following principles: 1) cathodes composed of high capacity nickel-rich or Li-rich NMC compounds, high voltage spinels or phosphates 2) anodes based on graphite-silicon composites or silicon alloys or lithium alloy or even lithium metal 3) new oxidation resistant electrolytes with an electrochemical stability window up to 5V 11 Author's source 22

24 4) ceramic coated membranes for the separator, or interface layers at the cathode/electrolyte or anode/electrolyte interfaces 5) additives or materials modifications to improve safety 6) electrode and cell design methods that maximise the active material content (energy density) in the cell without compromising power density. Impact The impact upon achieving these KPIs' would be a doubling of the EV driving range at equal cost for the same cell/pack weight or a 50% cell /pack weight halving the /kwh cost, compared with today's values. Development of the required materials and cell designs would pave the way for resilient and competitive manufacturing capabilities in Europe: Intellectual Property Depending on the cell type and materials, large numbers of patents or applications already exist and each up-coming project should analyse the situation carefully and strive to generate additional new IP. Discussion points in the Session 1 Theme 1: Increase energy density: Which new combination of active materials in the cell is believed to be best to achieve the energy density targets of +/- 350 Wh/kg and +/- 750 Wh/l. at cathode level, anode, electrolyte (composition, additives, ionic liquids), separator, current collectors (is increased corrosion of Al foil an issue?) What effect is expected on the cycle life of the high voltage batteries? What coatings could be applied? Theme 2: Which cost reduction is expected as /kwh (below 100 /kwh?) Theme 3: Impact on fast charging; Theme 4: How would safety be expected and which specific measures would be needed? Theme 5: What are the competencies in Europe for ab initio and computational analysis? Theme 6: What is the IP generation potential and manufacturing (from powder to power) in Europe? A SWOT analysis on the European supply/value chain to be defined building on similar work performed previously 12. The relevance of cross cutting topics listed in Section 6 of this Discussion document should be considered in the discussions. 12 Lebedeva, N., Di Persio, F., Boon-Brett, L., Lithium ion battery value chain and related opportunities for Europe, European Commission, Petten,

25 SESSION 2: Next Generation Li-ion (Solid-State) Technologies Generation 4 Solid-state batteries are the next step on major OEM s roadmaps (see e.g. example Volkswagen in Fig.4 13 ): they are an enabler for doubling the driving range, they would have better safety and would be denser thus allow potential reductions in the amount of passive components. Accessible market potential and TRL levels are given in Fig commercial Li-ion, advanced Li-ion, LMP, Li S and Li Air. in comparison with Fig. 4 Fig.5 13 Author's source 14 Author's source 24

26 A brief technical description of advantages and inconveniences is given in Fig : SOLID STATE BATTERIES Advantages vs Liquid Inconvenients vs Lquid Fig.6 Safety:would eliminate Lower ionic conductivity: thermal runaway especially at lower temperature High energy density: Poor interfacial contacts less inactive materials Combined with Li metal anode: higher voltages possible risk for dendrite formation Less SEI formation: More expensive to manufacture? longer cycle life Intellectual Property A busy landscape with already more than 2000 patents filed: one OEM has been very active in the last 5 years compared to others in the main assignee but many others exist as ceramic players and polymer electrolyte developers. A detailed analysis in the projects needs to be performed to map the current white spaces and hot spots in the targeted technologies. What are the necessary specific R&I actions? Cathode materials: can cover a wide range, from conventional NMC (4,1 V) to high voltage (> 4,5 V); compositions, structures and coatings to be developed. Anode materials: the highest energy density is expected with Li-metal, however the interface with the electrolyte needs to be improved to avoid dendrite formation (structural defects to be avoided, interfacial wetting with solid electrolyte to be improved, coatings to be applied, deposition or lamination techniques to be developed... Develop new inorganic or polymer solid electrolytes targeting 10-2 S/ cm for polymer electrolytes: composition PEO, PAN, PEG, inorganic fillers for inorganic electrolytes: compositions and structure Impact on fast charging Advanced eco-design and manufacturing processes Impact No OEM has started mass-manufacturing solid-state rechargeable batteries yet but one of them has assembled considerable resources behind that goal by announcing commercial deployment by OEM s are paying particular attention to the pack- and system-level improvements made possible by solid-state technology, which can then influence overall vehicle design. 15 Author's source 25

27 Discussion points in the Session 2 Theme 1- Anode: How can Lithium electrodeposition/stripping process or in other words dendrite formation be best controlled: by ceramic coatings, by Li- conductive polymer systems, by hybrid systems..? Which manufacturing technologies need to be developed? Theme 2- Cathode: Should we consider 2 sub-generations (4a regular voltage and 4b high voltage)? Theme 3- Solid Electrolyte: Which solid electrolyte to be developed? 1) all solid polymer, 2) gel- polymer, 3) inorganic crystalline/glassy/glass ceramic, based on oxide/nitride/ sulphide or any other composition. What are the expected ionic conductivities at ambient, - 20 and + 60 C. How to solve possible gradients in ionic conductivity between surface and bulk of the solid electrolyte? How to improve structural stability of the electrolyte and volume and stress changes during charge/ discharge? Theme 4- Ab-initio and modelling: In material selection and development: What are the EU competencies? Theme 5- Manufacturing: How to improve processing and design? How to develop cost efficient manufacturing of components and systems? What are the Intellectual Property drawbacks and opportunities for Europe? The relevance of cross cutting topics listed in Section 6 of this Discussion document should be considered in the discussions. 26

28 SESSION 3: Technologies for Stationary Energy Storage Applications Renewable Energy Storage (RES) relies on the successful deployment which requires the integration of energy storage. There is a strong potential for the development of battery storage solutions for a variety of power ranges and energy storage capacities (Fig.7) (in households as standalone systems-, as utility grid connected assets, etc.). With present market dominance of Li-ion technology, similar and often the same battery cells are/can be used for EVs and stationary applications. At the same time significant further research would help better address specific needs of stationary battery storage systems. Stationary applications demand lower energy and power densities than mobile applications, as they are not constrained by volume or weight. Instead, stationary Li-ion batteries must demonstrate a longer battery lifetime and lower costs. Thus, there is a need for significantly more research, in order to optimise power applications such as applications used for frequency regulation, with a particular focus on lifetime. For energy applications, including home stationary systems, storage times and cost should be improved. For stationary energy storage both the optimisation of Li-ion batteries and the innovation and development of non Li-ion battery technologies (including redox-flow batteries, metal-air, lithium-sulfur, new ion-based systems), specifically designed with high cycle life, long calendar life, optimised safety and low cost, are considered. Fig.7 16 The roadmap for battery development on cell level in stationary applications is presented in Fig.8 for the discussion in the Session 3: 16 Author's source 27

29 Fig What are the necessary specific R&I actions? - Priorities are improvements to the cycle life and overall calendar life as well as the safety and the fast charging ability of all battery technologies: research on materials and their processing technologies and addressing the degradation mechanisms are important - Improve power density -Reduce cycle cost below 0.05 /kwh/cycle - Develop mechanical system designs with light structural materials, as well as efficient and low cost thermal management systems. -Focus on intelligent battery management, including the electronics and systems - Exploratory research, using for instance combinatorial materials approaches, is strongly recommended on novel materials for completely new electrochemical systems - Study hybridisation and interfaces between rechargeable batteries and (super) capacitors Impact Market analysis and the current commercial deployment show considerable short-term potential for stationary energy storage based on batteries. Costs are accordingly falling rapidly and an economic chain is created including power providers, grid operators, battery manufacturers, energy-storage integrators and relationships with potential customers such as solar developers and energy-service companies. Discussion points in the Session 3 Theme 1 - Li-ion: Which actions/research activities are needed to improve specifically cycle life, calendar life and cost while maintaining the highest safety? How to attain the targets set for 2025 (Optimized Li-ion POWER stationary) and the ones for Reference Fig.8? Theme 2 - Non Li-ion systems: Which are the most relevant chemistries with the highest market potential in residential and grid applications and which ones should be abandoned for further EU research? How can non Li-ion systems realize the targets set for 2030 in Fig.8? The relevance of cross cutting topics listed in Section 6 of this Discussion document should be considered in the discussions. 17 Author's source 28

30 SESSION 4: Research Pilot Line Network At the moment Europe has already several pilot lines for Li Ion in operation e.g. known as follows (to be completed): CEA: Pilot Line with 1000m2 of dry room, line capability up to 500kWh/month, kWh/month in practice (~3000cells) Fraunhofer IKTS: 350-m2 pilot-scale facility at Pleissa, near Chemnitz, Germany IK4 CIDETEC: pilot line for the integral manufacturing of Li-ion batteries German research centre ZSW (Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff- Forschung) Pilot lines in Europe are key facilities to help in scaling-up the electrode and cell technologies. They offer a great potential for European battery research and manufacturers with regards to the basic research and development of new materials. However, better accessibility should be ensured to the existing cell production pilot lines and to all research laboratories which are not equipped with such facilities for validation and testing purposes. Networking of existing pilot lines needs to be promoted in order to boost synergies and possibly technological harmonisation. Paving the way for the creation of new cell production pilot lines (targeting next generation technologies) which could be operational by needs to be investigated and decided. A discussion in the Session 4 should be held on a dedicated pilot plant for solid-state batteries backed up by consortia, composed of universities, RTO s and industry, for a large demo to prepare the technology to mass production (MRL 9) covered mainly by EIB loans, Structural Funds and IPCEI. What are the necessary specific R&I actions? - Scaling-up to > 10 Ah cells level is now mandatory to address all technology issues - Perspectives generation 3b: Adapting today s processes to new up-coming materials: highvoltage cathode, Si based anodes, new electrolytes Are the existing pilot lines ready to integrate R&I on generation 3b? - Perspectives generation 4: Integrating new process evolutions to address gelled electrolyte batteries, solid-state electrolyte batteries. 29

31 Discussion points in the Session 4 Theme 1 - Generation 3b: Are current pilot lines ready to manufacture >10 Ah cells based on the materials matrix described under Session 1?: Investigation on the processing of close-tomarket materials and cell components compatible with typical cell assembly lines including improvement of active and inactive materials to achieve better manufacturing, recipes for development and cell design innovation compatible with today s lines. How can closer cooperation between different pilot lines and accessibility for other labs be improved? Theme 2 - Generation 4: Can current pilot lines be adapted to manufacture all solid-state configurations as described under Session 2 in the time line ? Or does the equipment/process development from powder to cell for generation 4 technologies necessitate the design and building of a new pilot line accessible to European Research by many stakeholders? The relevance of cross cutting topics listed in Section 6 of this Discussion document should be considered in the discussions. 30

32 6. Cross cutting topics for all Sessions: Accessibility of raw materials in Europe; Competitiveness aspects; Recycling potential, Second use, Circular economy; Integration of European equipment suppliers in the projects; Integrate KPIs on IP (Intellectual Property generation) in the projects; Dissemination strategy. Discussion paper developed by Dr. Marcel Meeus- EMIRI Final, December

33 4. USEFUL DOCUMENTS Projects for Policy (P4P) Batteries: A major opportunity for a sustainable society P4P is an initiative which aims to use research and innovation project results to shape policy making. The European Commission is committed to evidence-based policy making and exploiting valuable research and innovation results to their full potential. Therefore, the Commission identifies policy areas which deserve particular attention and analyses the related knowledge which comes from research and innovation programmes. To date, together with private investments, EU-funded projects have mobilised resources of EUR 555 million for battery research since The P4P Batteries document addresses main policy challenges in the field of battery research and offers key policy recommendations that are made based on the analysis of impacts and results of EU funding in terms of the added value of R&I, investments, R&I achievements, impacts for society, industry and environment. 32

34 SET-Plan Action 7: "Become competitive in the global battery sector to drive e-mobility and stationary storage forward" The need for European R&I on batteries as a key-enabling technology for the transition to a low-carbon, secure and competitive economy are acknowledged in the Communication on an Integrated Strategic Energy Technologies Plan 18 (SET-Plan). The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) 19 aims to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. Batteries are one of the 10 key actions (Action 7) identified in the Integrated SET-Plan which sets the objective for Europe to "Become competitive in the global battery sector to drive e-mobility and energy storage forward". R&I targets on battery performance, cost and manufacturing, agreed by the 32 SET-Plan countries, European stakeholders and the European Commission, are set in the Action 7 Declaration of Intent 20. An industry and SET-Plan countries led Temporary Working Group (TWG) has identified the R&I activities which are necessary to meet these targets. These R&I activities are presented in the Action 7 Implementation Plan, 21 which forms the blue print for battery R&I up to COM(2015) 6317 final

35 Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA) STRIA helps to ensure a better long-term strategy for transport R&I, but also a better deployment of transport innovation. STRIA forges an efficient articulation of Transport R&I efforts and measures taken at European, national and local levels to support the transition towards clean transport and mobility, as well as rapid deployment of innovative solutions. STRIA strives to achieve future mobility and transport driven by innovation with a strong emphasis on decarbonisation, automation, safety, accessibility and reliability. The role that STRIA can play to support decarbonisation is reflected in the Commission Staff Working Document "Towards clean, competitive and connected mobility: the contribution of Transport Research and Innovation to the Mobility package". STRIA includes seven roadmaps which reflect the 'state of the art' of technologies and identify focus areas for Research and Innovation leading to a profound transformation of the transport system with actions in the short-term ( ) and in the medium (towards 2030) to the long term (up to 2050). The seven roadmaps are as follows: 1) Connected and automated transport 2) Electrification 3) Alternative fuels 4) Vehicle design and manufacturing 5) Network and traffic management 6) Smart mobility and services 7) Infrastructure 34

36 JRC Science for Policy Report: Lithium-ion battery value chain and related opportunities for Europe This JRC Science for Policy Report outlines automotive Li-ion battery value chain identifying current market volumes, leaders and status of the EU industry. The EU industry is far from being self-sufficient in all segments of the value chain. R&I investment are essential to respond to new opportunities presented by the EV market. JRC Science for Policy Report: EU Competitiveness in Advanced Liion Batteries for E-mobility and Stationary Storage Applications Opportunities and Actions c500-11e7-9b01-01aa75ed71a1/language-en This JRC Science for Policy Report focuses on competitiveness aspects related to batteries as a key enabling technology for electric mobility and stationary storage. The report fits within the overall JRC effort aimed at addressing European industrial competitiveness as outlined in the Clean Energy Package 1 and serves as input to the definition of the overall Enabling Framework for the Energy Union. 35