A CASE FOR FUEL CELL ELECTRIC BUSES. Jaimie Levin Director of West Coast Operations, CTE

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1 A CASE FOR FUEL CELL ELECTRIC BUSES Jaimie Levin Director of West Coast Operations, CTE

2 Advocate: Project Manager, Driver, Passenger 2

3 Saving Us from Ourselves 30,000,000 Bay Area Transit Market Share 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000, Source: SF Bay Area MTC 3

4 Travel-to-Work Market Share Metropolitan Area Public Transit Market Share: Change: New York/Northern NJ/Long Island 24.9% Chicago/Gary/Kenosha 11.5% San Francisco/Oakland/San Jose 9.5% Washington/Baltimore 9.4% Boston/Worcester/Lawrence 9.0% Philadelphia/Wilmington/Atlantic City 8.7% Honolulu 8.3% Seattle/Tacoma/Bremerton 6.8% Pittsburgh 6.2% Portland/Salem 5.7% California - Transit Share 5.1% California - Drive Alone Share 71.8% United States - Transit Share 4.7% 5.3% -0.5% United States - Drive Alone Share 75.7% 73.2% 2.5% Source: U.S. Census Journey to Work:

5 Center for Transportation and the Environment Non-Profit, Member-based Organization Founded 1993 $450 million Portfolio in RD&D, Deployment, Advocacy (DC and Sacramento) Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Electric Projects 1. AC Transit FCEB Support (13 FCEBs) 2. Fuel Cell Electric Bus Expansion Project AC Transit and OCTA ($45 million) 3. Fuel Cell Electric Class 8 Drayage Truck (Kenworth) 4. Fuel Cell UPS Class 6 Delivery Van 5. Shell Oil Light-Duty Hydrogen Fueling Stations 6. International Fuel Cell Bus Workshop London 2016 (Canton, Ohio Nov 2017; SF 2019) 5

6 CTE Membership 6

7 Performance Bus FUEL CELL HOURS AC Transit Fuel Cell Bus Performance - September 11, 2017 July Miles Vehicle Miles Hydrogen 9 MPH Life to Date FC4 19,671 4, ,537 Buses Cars Yearly Totals FC5 18,910 3, ,623 Emeryville Oakland Light Duty FC6 19,494 3, , ,383 31,862 1,743 FC7 25,886 2, , ,750 38,589 1,188 FC8 18, , ,070 59, FC9 18,133 4, , ,766 42, FC10 22,124 4, ,431 TOTALS 87, ,341 3,630 FC11 21,680 3, ,509 Total to Date 263,940 >2011: 350k FC12 22,397 2, ,635 FC13 10,403 2, ,111 Hydrogen Fill Transactions FC14 21, ,905 Buses Cars Yearly Totals FC15 17, ,763 Emeryville Oakland Light Duty FC16 21,774 2, , ,129 1, TOTALS 257,806 34,311 2,137, ,635 2, Average 19,831 2, , ,954 4, NOTE: FC7 and FC12 fuel cells were manufactured by UTC in 2003, 14 years ago with an expected EOL of 5,000 hours. The other 11 fuel cells were manufactured by UTC in 2008 and 2009 NOTE: FC8, 14, and 15 not in service because of accidents and body repair. July Chargeable MBRC: 11, , TOTALS 5,537 10,679 2,120 Total to Date 18,336 7

8 Surviving The Valley of Death [Text] Cost Performance Politics Health Source of Basic Graph: Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006 by Forbes 8

9 Where to From Here? WHERE TO Electric Buses vs. ICE Buses CNG and RNG Industry Electric-Drive Policies (London, Paris, Los Angeles) Fuel Cell Electric vs. Battery-Electric Range Weight Recharging Time Toxicity and Recycling Cost (Power Density, Size, Weight, Cost/kW) $300,000 Chinese FC Bus 9

10 How? Policy Directives Regulation Investment (Grants) Early Adopters Performance, Health, Politics, and Cost Performance and Health Benefits vs. Political Resistance and Cost Premium Fueling Fleets PARSE 10

11 The Challenge of H 2 PARSE The challenge of scaling up hydrogen fueling capabilities to meet increasing demand as fleets expand can best be defined by the acronym, PARSE, which refers to the various components that have to be addressed to provide meaningful and practical solutions. P is for PRICE and the delivery of more affordable molecules on parity with conventional fuels. It also includes the cost of maintenance associated with complex equipment A is for AREA FOOTPRINT to minimize the space required to locate a fueling station that can refuel 50, 100, or 200 buses, particularly as it relates to scalability R is for the UTILIZATION of and transition to renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen and the all-important requirement of REDUNDANCY to ensure near 100% service reliability S is for the SPEED of refueling to fuel many large-capacity vehicles in the normal five- to seven-hour fueling window at night. S also refers to scalability requiring modular systems that will provide the flexibility and capability to expand capacity and throughput as fleets grow and fuel demand increases E is for EQUITY or the CapEX to build these stations at a reasonable price, utilizing baseline components for future expansion as agencies scale up the size of their fleets. 11

12 Thank You Jaimie Levin (510)