Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Development: an Enabler for Electric Vehicle Adoption

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1 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Development: an Enabler for Electric Vehicle Adoption January 21st, 2009 Tucson Regional Clean Cities Coalition Electric Transportation Infrastructure Workshop AeroVironment Inc

2 UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) Development Stratospheric UAS Human/Electric Powered Airplanes Helios 2001 Global Observer In Dev. Gossamer Condor 1977 Gossamer Albatross 1979 Solar Challenger 1983 Hand-Launched UAS Raven Small UAS 2003 Switchblade In Dev. [ 2 ]

3 Efficient Energy Systems Development Clean Transportation Solar/Electric Automobiles EV Test Systems 1991 On-Road Fast Charge 1995 Off-Road Fast Charge 1999 EV Fast Charge In Dev. GM Sunraycer 1987 GM Impact 1990 Clean Energy Universal Solar Pump Controller 1995 Architectural Wind In Dev. [ 3 ]

4 Charging Infrastructure for On- Road Vehicles

5 High Voltage Electric Vehicle Chargers Infrastructure to Enable Practical Electric Vehicles and Rapid Growth of the Market For: Electric Vehicles Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles 10-minute fast charging Safety, Convenience [ 5 ]

6 EV and PHEV Charger Power Levels 250kW for: Heavy Duty Vehicles Medium Duty Fleet Vehicles Full Size Passenger Vehicles 125kW for: Delivery Vehicles Small Sedans 60kW for: Delivery Vehicles Light Duty Fleet Vehicles 10kW for: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles [ 6 ]

7 Current Assessment Battery Electric Vehicles Hybrid Vehicle Market Acceptance World-Wide BEV Development Activity & Interest Key Customer Concern Range Anxiety Vehicle Range Limitation The Fear of Being Stranded NEVs are too Limited (Range, Safety, Speed) Range Anxiety Leading to Demand for Fast Charging Solution for Mass Appeal Same Performance as IC Engine Vehicles Li Ion Battery Technology Enables Practical Solution: >100 mile Range Full Tank every Morning & Day-Time Convenience Charging Fill-up in <10 Min. Fast Charging to Relieve Range Anxiety [ 7 ]

8 Real Life Quick Charger Study Urban Delivery Vans Initial Installation of one charger showed limited usage of EV delivery vans, high battery pack State of Charge (SOC) at end of day. Installation of a second charger (opposite end of delivery route) showed a several times increase in miles driven per day, but no appreciable use of the second charger, and much lower SOC at end of day. The second charger provided a major psychological boost for the driver and virtually eliminated range anxiety. The lower battery pack SOC indicated much higher van utility and greater acceptance of the EV paradigm by the driver. [ 8 ]

9 EV & Infrastructure Elements [ 9 ]

10 On Board EV Subsystems Battery Management Systems (BMS) In Vehicle BMS Control SmartGuard CAN 16 Voltages 4 Temps On Battery Pack Design leverages PosiCharge fast charge BMID (pb acid) Universal for Lithium Ion On Board Chargers Features BMS Compatibility Liquid-Cooled High Frequency for Low Weight/Volume Options Bi-Directional for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) AC/DC Level II Connector Compatibility 3.3 kw 6.6 kw 10 kw [ 10 ]

11 Charger Requirements Charger Power Level, kw Type of Vehicle Heavy Duty SUV/Sedan Small Sedan Fast Charge, 10 minutes, 100% SOC Rapid Charge, 15 minutes, 60% SOC Quick Charge, 60 minutes, 70% SOC Plug-In Hybrid, 30 Minutes [ 11 ]

12 Proof of Concept Demonstrations Phoenix Motorcar / Altairnano Fast Charging Highlights 10 min Re-Charge Demo for ARB May 2007 Pending ARB ZEV Cert AV900 EV Test System Base fast charge system used for EV fast charging proof of concept Vehicle Receptacle Fast-charge ready Phoenix Motorcar EV Sport Utility Truck Altairnano Battery Pack 35kWh capacity [ 12 ]

13 EV Battery Testing Extensive experience testing state-of-the-art Li-Ion batteries Cell, module and pack configurations Test Test Test EV Battery Mfg Cells Modules Packs A123 Altairnano E-Moli Kokam LG Lishen Quallion Saehan Enerdel Thundersky Valence Battery pack design experience General Motors EV-1 DOE Hybrid Li-Ion battery pack assembly and test Aircraft and EV OEMs (Domestic & International) AV900 EV Testing System Base fast charge system used for EV fast charging proof of concept Altairnano Battery Pack 35kWh capacity [ 13 ]

14 AV and GM Development Partnership Sunraycer Impact / EV-1 Li-Ion Pack Evaluation with an ABC-170 RESS Project Future Volt Program GM Advanced Battery Lab [ 14 ]

15 ABC-170 is a GM Workhorse for Volt Durable ABC (Advanced Battery Cyclers) have been in use globally for over 15 years Flexible Well characterized with Volt and other GM programs Reliable Unit Serial #1 Still in operation ABC Power Processors are GM s Work Horse for Advanced Battery Research and Development Work [ 15 ]

16 Passenger EV Charging System Overview Relationships & Near-Term Opportunities Major OEMs Innovator OEMs Select Demos & Infrastructure Roll-out Opportunities Market Validation AEP Fleet Demo w Smith (Ford Pick-up) EVs and AV Fleet Chargers Los Angeles Roll-out of Miles Highway Vehicle w AV Fleet Charger Stations Portugal Roll-out of EVs and Charger Stations San Francisco EV Infrastructure Demo in Conjunction w Coulomb, V2Green, etc. Tucson Clean Cities Government Grant & Economic Program Development U.K. Glasgow, Scotland Roll-out of ZEV Vehicles w AV Charger Stations [ 16 ]

17 Rapid Chargers for Off-Road Vehicles [ 17 ]

18 Fast Charge Benefits Advanced Fast Charging Technology for Electric Vehicles used in Factories, Distribution Centers and Airport Operations PowerServer PowerStation Connectors Battery Monitor & Identifier Benefits: Productivity Safety Space savings Battery & vehicle performance Employee satisfaction [ 18 ]

19 Fast Charge Users A Growing Number of Major Companies Rely on Fast Charging to Support Their Daily Operations Across Multiple Facilities Ford FedEx American Airlines Del Monte Nestle Sysco [ 19 ]

20 AeroVironment Inc. Charlie Botsford Efficient Energy Systems 222 E. Huntington Drive, Ste 118 Monrovia, CA [ 20 ]