CHAdeMO Project. Strategy to roll out fast charging infrastructure that facilitates wide adoption of EV

Transcription

1 CHAdeMO Project Strategy to roll out fast charging infrastructure that facilitates wide adoption of EV September 27, 2011 CHAdeMO Association Takafumi Anegawa

2 1. Why public chargers are necessary? 2. How much kw is optimal output power? 3. How much and who pays for public infrastructure?

3 EV drivers can not use full battery capacity 25 Typical distribution of daily driving range Comfort Discomfort Fearfulness 20 % of drivers Driving range Driving range 5 0 <10 <20 <30 <40 <50 <60 <70 <80 <90 <100 <110 <120 <130 <140 <150 Driving Range (km) Driving range

4 Driver knew that EV could but didn t use it (October 2007) 15km March km Drive mileage was 203km before quick charger installation. Driver understood EV performance but they were reluctant to use it.

5 Quick charger removed range anxiety (July 2008) 15km 8km Drive mileage was drastically increase to 1472km after quick charger installation.

6 Why public chargers are necessary? Daily base driving distance is less than 100km in most cases then current EV can cover it easily. However, drivers are uncomfortable if remaining driving range become less than 50km. Public quick chargers relieve drivers range anxiety, and drivers use quick chargers only few times.

7 1. Why public chargers are necessary? 2. How much kw is optimal output power? 3. How much and who pays for public infrastructure?

8 Public charging stations in California in San Francisco and Bay Area in Los Angels County - Inductive and conductive are mixed - Output power is around 5kW - Charging time is around 2hrs for 70km - Price is about $3,000 without installation cost. - Private charger design is same of public one. Inductive Conductive 700km

9 Charging time for 80km range (min) Charger cost (k$) Optimal output of public charger Waiting time is too long. Cost is high. Charging time isn t so short Optimal power Charger Output Power (kw)

10 Specification of CHAdeMO quick charger Specifications -Type: Switching type constant current power supply - Input: 3-phase 200V (200~430V) - Output power: 50kW (10~100kW) - Maximum DC output Voltage: 500V - Output current: 125A (20~200A) Target charging time 5 minutes for 40km driving range 10 minutes for 60km driving range Price 15,000~ 20,000 Installation cost ~ 15,000

11 Slow AC and fast DC combination Fast Charging Speed Private/Office Cost is most important since number of equipments is large. Charging speed is most important. Location Public Slow People cannot wait for hours.

12 How much kw is optimal power? Waiting time should be less than 15min. Additional driving range is 30km~60km which is equivalent of 5~8kWh. 50kW power can meet 10~15min recharging time. Less than 20kW is too slow. More than 80kW is too costly and charging time doesn t become so short.

13 1. Why public chargers are necessary? 2. How much kw is optimal output power? 3. How much and who pays for public infrastructure?

14 Cost(M$) Total cost of charging equipments 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 AC Level 2 AC Level 3 Vehicle cost Infra cost DC Level 3 AC Level 1 1,000 DC Level 1 DC Level 2 0 1~2kW 4~7kW 3φ 400V 20kW 50kW 200kW Battery Swap Charger number 1million Private 5,000 Public Calculated based on one million units of EV

15 How can we deploy quick chargers? (First possibility)

16 TEPCO branch office 75 quick chargers are installed. 310 EVs are already deployed.

17 Kanagawa prefecture office Operation started on June 2008

18 Office Building Operation started on September 2008 Operation started on April 2009 Operation started on September 2009

19 Metropolitan highway parking area Operation started on October 2008

20 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Operation started on March 2009

21 CHAdeMO quick chargers in Japan 738 chargers all over Japan (September 2011) Greater Tokyo Area For public use (Free) 291 For public use (Paid, Nissan) 187 For public use (Paid, others) 90 For private use km 1400km

22 How can we deploy quick chargers? (Second possibility)

23 Gas station Operation started on March 2009 Operation started on July 2009

24 Shopping mall Operation started on September 2008

25 Convenience store Operation started on December 2009

26 Mitsubishi Motors & Nissan Headquarter Operation started on June 2009 Operation started on August 2009

27 Business model of quick chargers Membership fee 10/month Quick Charger Operation Company Member (User) fleet personal ID card Charging Serves Quick Chargers Alliance Partners Chargers Utilities Local Government Shopping Mall Gas Station Car Dealer Shop Hotel Office Building ID system Operation Installation Maintenance Own Chargers

28 How can we deploy quick chargers? Necessary charger number is several thousand to cover one country. First possibility: Many organization cooperate to deploy quick charger as free service basis. Second possibility: Membership organization operates quick chargers correcting membership fee to support operation.

29 CHAdeMO Association

30 CHAdeMO Association promotes common spec quick charger stands for charge and move CHAdeMO Association is established on 2010 March 15. The association provides the information of quick charger. Activities: 1. Establish technical specification of DC fast charger 2. Deploy DC fast chargers by sharing installation and operation experience among the members.

31 CHAdeMO Association Members in Europe 31

32 CHAdeMO charger manufacturers in Europe

33 CHAdeMO charger installation is expanding in Europe

34 UK Government introduced a CHAdeMO charger normal chargers and 12 quick chargers by 2012 The regional government shall fund 100% of each post, installation, five year maintenance contract (total grant over 50,000)

35 35 Ireland s plan to deploy CHAdeMO charger The Irish Ministry of Transport charging a Micro-Vett (Fiat Ducato) 30 fast chargers Inter-urban drive ESB ecars and Topaz (Gas station)

36 Project in Belgium 36 Gas station operator, TOTAL, installed 9 CHAdeMO fast chargers in Brussel and 3 more in other cities in Belgium

37 37 Norway s plan to make CHAdeMO charger network 2500 miles CHAdeMO Fast Charge Highway Norwegian energy company Ishavskraft Norway's isolated fjords accessible to vacationers Installation of Lyse Energi Equipped with software for remote maintenance and monitoring of the charging levels.

38 Project in Holland (City of Amsterdam): Political decision for air quality and climate objectives. 10,000 vehicles in Amsterdam will be electric by About 1000 public charging points will be erected in the city in the comin three years (200 currently). Network of public charging point rolled out across Amsterdam. Quick charging as one of the necessary additional charging options to complete the infrastructure fast charging staitons in coming 3 years.

39 Portugal s first CHAdeMO charger near Lisbon There are 13 CHAdeMO charging stations in Portugal. Galp, Portugal oil company, installed four CHAdeMO DC chargers at their gas stations. These DC chargers were fabricated by Efacec that is a Portugal based electric manufacture. Galp gas station near Lisbon

40 Spain s first CHAdeMO charger in Barcelona Madrid, 14 April Endesa and Cepsa have inaugurated the first rapid charging point in Spain in a Cepsa service station at Calle Lope de Vega, 125 in Barcelona. There are now also two standard charging points in operation at the Campo de las Naciones service station in Madrid.

41 Estonian EV program Mitsubishi imiev for social workers CHAdeMO DC fast charges will be deployed by 2012 One central operator to maintain the network and provide the services Operator will be sought together with technology provider Costs of maintenance and operations covered by KredEx for 5 years Services co-developed by the Operator and KredEx

42 Project in Germany E.ON opens first fast charging station for electric cars on German motorway (Aug 2011) The electricity used in the stations will be generated using renewable production and will come exclusively from E.ON s own hydroelectric plants. E.ON intends to further develop public charging stations and deliver an even faster solution, with recharging taking only a few minutes instead of several hours. 42

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