Fossil Fuels and Agriculture

Transcription

1 A Fleet Manager s Perspective Fossil Fuels and Agriculture Challenge and Opportunity Others can better address agricultural issues What is happening with alternative fuels and vehicles Different perspective- general directions WHY World Oil Reserves- ½ gone by All gone by 2050 Greenhouse Gas CO2, Nox Other harmful emissions PAHS, CO Model T ethanol Rudolf Diesel peanut oil Polymers, Plastics, Pharmaceuticals, etc. MV Fuels are a byproduct Crude - $10.00 barrel Crude Oil Oil Prices Exon - $10 Billion profit 3 rd quarter Will not invest any money in alternative fuels CIBC 2007 oil at $100 per barrel TD Bank 2007 oil at $45 per barrel Over time - nowhere but up Viable Solutions 1. Replicable 2. Sustainable 3. Economics affordable/justifiable 4. Infrastructure 5. Behaviors 1

2 Change Change has changed Pace is obviously faster Predictability 50 years 90% Today 30% or 40% Pro-active/predictable Options Solar Natural Gas/Propane Hybrids Plug in Hybrids Bio-fuels Hydrogen internal combustion, fuel cells Solar Solar Car Challenge Kudos to Red River CC but not a realistic option 6 feet x 8 feet of panels powers one man in a cockpit Replicable/affordable Solar Kit for Toyota Hybrid -$2200 US CNG/LNG/Propane Non-renewable Requires conversion Requires infrastructure Dedicated/dual fuel? Hydrogen From Faith to Agnosticism to Heresy Ford Focus at production levels - $ Range requires to PSI Major technological hurdles Cost/infrastructure/behaviors Hydrogen by Hydrolysis Input electricity Kwhr Make hydrogen Capture/ Compress/Store /Transport/ Distribute -? Energy Feed into fuel cell (expensive) Produce electricity -?!!!<1000 Kwhr 2

3 Hybrids IC engine, Electric motor generator, batteries, controllers Battery - engine and regenerative braking Series engine to battery, all electric drive Parallel - drive can be electric, gas, or both Most units today are parallel Prius Civic Hybrids Toyota hybrids All models by 2007, nothing but hybrids by 2010 Ford all models by 2010 GM Hydro buying 8 hybrid ½ tons this year Also 5 Prius, 2 Civics 2 prototype ½ tons These units will pay for themselves now HTUF/CHTI to lb drive lines 24 aerial devices in service by April 25 Kw export power Delivery vans, buses Hydraulic accumulators on refuse trucks Ultra capacitors on Shuttle buses Agricultural equipment? torque curve PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Converting a Prius Larger batteries (9Kwhr) plugged in with normal 110 volt plug Lithium Ion last life of vehicle Up to 60 Km on electricity V to G (Vehicle to Grid) Load Leveling Energy Use Smart technology night charge Thermal spinning reserve Wind who needs it at night Manitoba Hydro 500 MW difference PHEV20 PHEV60 Total Vehicles Required to Level off Manitoba Load FC Vehicles (thousands) 3

4 Fuel Cells May still play important role in the future Stationary applications- distributed generation Various feed stocks Not in the trunk of my car Ethanol/Biodiesel Proven products - they work Renewable Same infrastructure Transparent to user Already affordable depending on price of gas/diesel Biodiesel Works Established procedures- ASTM Standard No negative feedback from operators Cold weather issues with diesel fuel Yellowstone Park B20 Soy to 30 below Canola has better cold weather properties Reduced blends for winter B5 to B2 Not an issue for mining or agriculture 2007 & 2010 Engines Driven by Air Quality Issues NOX and PM Increases fuel consumption and GHG Based on grams per Brake Hp hour EPA is now looking at ways to rate vehicles rather than engines Biodiesel other pollutants, renewable, Manitoba Controversies Ethanol challenges to energy cycle and GHG cycle Biodiesel challenges to energy cycle, engine damage, fuel filters Limited feed stocks, food production Controversies Winter wheat shipped raw to Alberta & import Soy meal as feed supplement Re-direct winter wheat to ethanol plant Make ethanol & distillers grain (mash) Use mash to displace soy imports What is the energy use/emissions for making ethanol? Whole cycle applies only if using virgin soil 4

5 Biodiesel & Engines Can create problems in fuel system with fuel flow filters, pumps Can also have microbial organism growth that can damage components Is a lubricity enhancer that can reduce engine wear Engines Animal fats are worst, Soy is better, Canola is best Europe uses almost all rapeseed and engine manufacturers have no problems with high level blends North American early experience was with yellow grease and soy Cat, Cummins etc. very slow to endorse Engines Now endorse up to B20 without concern Canola should be less of a problem, other oils need further testing Cloud point Canola at B20 has similar cold weather properties to animal feedstock at B5 Minnesota Filter Issues Claims made Biodiesel clogging fuel filters Diesel experts ( fuel companies) warn of bio- diesel problems Truckers reported telling drivers not to fill up in Minnesota B2 should not clog fuel fielters Minnesota Filter Issues Reports from West, not East but Biodiesel all across state Also reports in Dakotas similar to Western Minnesota Because of high demand low supply, suppliers in Mid-west draining tanks Can increase contaminants in diesel Knee-jerk blame the bio-diesel Response Good research and solid facts Rapid acceptance to move from pre-production production to production levels of both hybrids and fuels 5

6 Made in Manitoba In 10 years All new vehicles sold in Manitoba can on average Derive % of their energy From domestic electricity and domestic bio-fuels 6