Figure 19-1 Open drive reciprocating compressor (Courtesy Vilter Manufacturing)

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1 Figure 19-1 Open drive reciprocating compressor (Courtesy Vilter Manufacturing)

2 Figure 19-2 Scroll compressor

3 Figure 19-3 Centrifugal compressor

4 Figure 19-4 Screw compressor

5 Figure 19-5 Rotary compressor

6 Figure 19-6 Compressor application by types

7 Figure 19-7 Open compressor

8 Figure 19-8 Industrial duty open type compressor

9 Figure 19-9 Direct drive compressor (Courtesy Frick, York Refrigeration Systems)

10 Figure Open type direct drive compressor (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)

11 Figure Hermetic compressor

12 Figure A glass to metal connection is used to isolate the electrical terminals from the metal compressor shell

13 Figure Hermetically sealed electric motor compressor units (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)

14 Figure Cutaway view of hermetic compressor showing internal isolation spring inset (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)

15 Figure Semi-hermetic compressor used for medium and low temperature refrigeration

16 Figure The crankshaft rotates while the piston moves up and down

17 Figure Reciprocating compressor parts

18 Figure Crankthrow crankshaft

19 Figure Eccentric crankshaft

20 Figure One piece and two piece connecting rods

21 Figure Compressor piston with rings

22 Figure Typical reciprocating compressor cylinder valves: (a) Flexing reed valve; (b) Floating reed valve; (c) Ring valves; (d) Reduced clearance poppet valve, discus compressor

23 Figure Complete compression cycle of a reciprocating piston compressor

24 Figure The two elements of a pressure-volume plot, used in the study of reciprocating compressor performance

25 Figure Beginning of the intake stroke; A: Top dead center; B: Suction valve ready to open

26 Figure Useful portion of intake stroke, B to C

27 Figure Compression stroke C to D, with cylinder valves closed

28 Figure Discharge portion of compression stroke, D to A

29 Figure Complete P-V diagram for a one cycle compressor cylinder

30 Figure Rotary blade compressor (Courtesy of Rotorex Company, Inc.)

31 Figure Stationary blade (rolling piston) rotary compressor

32 Figure Compression cycle for a rotary compressor

33 Figure A movable scroll orbits inside a fixed scroll

34 Figure Scroll compressor parts shown in a cutaway

35 Figure Partial cutaway of a scroll compressor (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)

36 Figure Scroll compressor movement; notice that the red dots on the scrolls stay very close together through the compression cycle

37 Figure The two step scroll compressor activates a solenoid to go from 67% to 100% capacity

38 Figure Control module for two-step scroll compressor

39 Figure Digital scroll operation

40 Figure (a) Semi-hermetic dual rotary screw compressor

41 Figure (b) Single screw open compressor (b: Courtesy of Vilter Manufacturing)

42 Figure Three views showing the operating principle of a single rotary screw compressor (Courtesy of Vilter Manufacturing)

43 Figure Cross section view of a twin screw showing the gas flow through the compressors

44 Figure Triple screw compressor (Courtesy of Carrier 2008 Carrier Corporation)

45 Figure Multi-stage centrifugal compressor

46 Figure The gas enters the impellor in the center and is thrown outward by centrifugal force

47 Figure Lightweight high-speed centrifugal impeller

48 Figure Transport refrigeration compressor mounted to diesel engine

49 Figure Oil slinger on small semi-hermetic compressor

50 Figure Oil is delivered through the holes in the crankshaft

51 Figure Compressor with oil pump mounted (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)

52 Figure Lubrication of the compressor bearings using drilled oil passages (Courtesy of Frick Company)

53 Figure Oil sight glass three-eighths full

54 Figure The oil level must be visible in the sight glass (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)

55 Figure External crankcase heater for hermetic compressors

56 Figure External crankcase heater for semi-hermetic compressors (Courtesy Hampden Engineering Corporation)

57 Figure Capacity control by using two compressors on a common refrigerant circuit

58 Figure The standard head is on the left, the head with the unloader is on the right

59 Figure Compressors with brushless DC switched reluctance motors enable efficient control of compressor energy use and capacity (Reprinted courtesy of Daikin AC (Americas) Inc.)

60 Figure Bearing surface is worn due to oil dilution

61 Figure Liquid slugging can break internal compressor parts

62 Figure Compressor heads should not be discolored; this head shows the effect of high discharge temperature

63 Figure Elongated rod was caused by constant pressure on top of the piston because of leaking discharge valves