Mechatronics and the Motor Car

Transcription

1 A46 A45 Mechatronics and the Motor Car Kon seminar Jan Akmal, Prabilson & Param Jolly

2 Slide 1 A45 A46 How many of you have a driving license for a car? How many of you have driven a car? Author; Chapter in 2 halves. 1st Half - mostly traditional systems Author;

3 A48 Vehicle Mechatronic Systems [1] BACKGROUND Late 1980s - early 1990s: Automotive Mechatronics Revolution Cost of electronics & CPU systems exceeded that of metal Breakthrough in engine efficiency and reliability - Micro-management of processes and diagnoses A49 A50 2

4 Slide 2 A48 A49 A50 New standard of Comfort: For optimized comfort and road gripping by adjustements to suspension geometery with feedback from displacement sensors and accelerometers. Author; New standard of Safety ABS: Moniters the rotational velocity of each wheel and prevents skidding. Author; Highly complex processing for smooth gear changes. Optimize and learn according to the driving style. Author;

5 Vehicle Mechatronic Systems [4] 3

6 Automotive V-cycle Market research Concept definition Verification and Validation Production Product test Virtual Prototypes System design Functional definitions System test Functionality test Vehicle test Component design Integration test Hardware in loop Automatic Code Production Program design Coding Program test Code test Software in loop 4

7 Problems Solved [1] More Efficiency & Reliability - Traditional mechanical ignition timing and fuel delivery systems software-based engine management A52 More Comfort and road grip - Traditional spring damper suspension system Active suspension system with displacement sensors/adjustable suspension system - Manual heater/ac Climate control system - Manual seat adjustment automatic seat adjustment More safety - Traditional disc/drum brakes ABS, Traction Control & Stability Control 5

8 Slide 5 A52 Breakthrough in engine efficiency and reliability Author;

9 Problems Solved (contd.) More Safety (contd.) - Seat-belt tensioners Inertial sensor airbags & seat-belt tensioners - Introduction of light sensors, rain sensors & parking sensors Ease of driving & operational efficiency - Traditional clutch based transmission system Automatic transmission system - Introduction of cruise control system Security - Key entry & manual locking system keyless entry (Bluetooth) & central locking system, immobilizer & alarm system, GPS system 6

10 Drive by wire (example) [5] Hydraulic Disc Brake Active suspension Wheel rim Hub motor Electronic wedge brake A53 Electronic steering Traditional Mechanical wheel System Siemens ecorner smart wheel 7

11 Slide 7 A53 EWB: Electronic Wedge Break Author;

12 Engine Basics (Chapter) Internal Combustion 4 Stroke Engine Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust. Process Optimization Challenges: 1. Spark Plug Ignition Timing 2. Air/Fuel Mixture Control 3. Valve Timing A54 A53 8

13 Slide 8 A53 A54 Ideal mixture - Stochiometric Ratio ( for petrol 14.68:1) for complete combustion. For Max power (12.6:1). For max Economy (15.4:1) Author; One part of the system that is purely under mechanical actuation Author;

14 Application Valve Actuation 9

15 Application - Working Principle [3] Each actuator linked to engine-mounted Valve Control Unit (VCU) VCU ensures optimal positioning of all valves. SVA replaces conventional camshaft, mechanical cam belt and hydraulic cam followers. By controlling residual gases and deactivating cylinders and valves, this technology reduces fuel consumption and pollutant emissions 10

16 Valve Actuation CHARACTERISTICS 20% reduction of fuel consumption 20% reduction of pollutant emissions 20% increase in low-end engine torque Optimization of air-fuel mixture and motion Each engine valve operates independently from the others and independently from the piston position Reliability concerns new technology 11

17 Scientific Article [2] TITLE: Working Characteristics of Variable Intake Valve in Compressed Air Engine In this paper, simulation and real experiments results are obtained and compared to verify the accuracy of the theoretical models. The influences on the performance of the Compressed Air Engine by the lift and duration of the variable intake valve are analyzed. In the Experiment, The intake port and the exhaust port solenoid valves were controlled by PLC with shaft angle which was detected by absolute value of the angular sensor. 12

18 Variable Intake Valve System 13

19 Scientific Paper - Results (1) Compressed air pressure inside the cylinder and output torque have the same changing tendency in both simulation curve and experimental curve. (2) The highest power output is obtained at 500 rpm, and the highest torque output is obtained at 300 rpm at different intake pressures and angles (as measured by the angle sensor) (3) When crank speed is higher than 200 rpm, higher energy utilization efficiency can be obtained at the lower speed and intake pressure. (4) The output torque increases with the increase of the crank speed and reaches its peaks at different crank speeds. 14

20 Ignition Timing and Fuel Delivery (chapter) Ignition Timing Mechanical System: Distributor 15

21 Ignition Timing and Fuel Delivery (chapter) Carburettor 16

22 Discussion What do you think about MS investigated? - Very practical Topic. Revolutionary applications What do you think about scientific article? - Gives good experimental verifications for the implications of Smart Valve Actuation What do you think about Application? - Smart Valve Actuation seems to be the future for IC Engines (till they exist) 17

23 Discussion (contd.) What do you think about its disruptive influence? - Greater control over Efficiency and Power for the Driver. What do you think about usefulness of this exercise? - Helped us understand how Mechanical Systems are being replaced by more efficient and flexible Mechatronic Systems What do you think about usefulness of this course? - Emphasizes the importance of Mechatronics Systems and how they are revolutionizing the world. Other feedback? - It would be great if we have a small Demo of any Mechatronic System in each class 18

24 References 1. Bradley, D., & Russell, D. W. (2010). Mechatronics in Action. Springer-Verlag London. Qihui Yu, Y. S. (2014). 2. Working Characteristics of Variable Intake Valve in Compressed Air Engine. The Scientific World Journal, 9. (2015, October 21). 3. Valeo Smart Valve Actuation. Retrieved from Valeo. : 4. Vehicle Mechatronics. (2015, October 21). Retrieved from 5. AA1Car. (2015, October 21). Ball Joints. Retrieved from 19