Practical No: Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentation Workshop and draw the diagram of any two tools

Transcription

1 Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentation Workshop and draw the diagram of any two tools Tools : Equipment which can be used to repair, maintain and furnish the instruments that are known as instrumentation tools. Sr. No Name of tools Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 1

2 Drawings: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 2

3 Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentations which are maintained under Instrumentation Workshop. Draw the diagram of any two instruments. Equipment which are used to measures, controls and transmits process parameters that are known as process instruments. Sr. No Name of instruments Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 3

4 Drawings: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 4

5 Aim: Define Control Valve lists its applications in Industries. Definition: A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level. Operation: The opening or closing of automatic control valves is usually done by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. Normally with a modulating valve, which can be set to any position between fully open and fully closed, valve positioners are used to ensure the valve attains the desired degree of opening. Air-actuated valves are commonly used because of their simplicity, as they only require a compressed air supply, whereas electrically-operated valves require additional cabling and switch gear, and hydraulicallyactuated valves required high pressure supply and return lines for the hydraulic fluid. The pneumatic control signals are traditionally based on a pressure range of 3-15psi ( bar), or more commonly now, an electrical signal of 4-20mA for industry, or 0-10V for HVAC systems. Electrical control now often includes a "Smart" communication signal superimposed on the 4-20mA control current, such that the health and verification of the valve position can be signaled back to the controller. The HART, Fieldbus Foundation, and Profibus are the most common protocols. Figure: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 5

6 Applications: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 6

7 Aim: Draw the control valve and list out the parts. Drawing: An automatic control valve consists of three main parts in which each part exist in several types and designs: Valve actuator - which moves the valve's modulating element, such as ball or butterfly. Valve positioner - Which ensures the valve has reached the desired degree of opening. This overcomes the problems of friction and wear. Valve body - in which the modulating element, a plug, globe, ball or butterfly, is contained. In automatic control terminology a control valve is termed a "final control element" Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 7

8 Aim: Describe about the pressure gauge and list out its applications. Description: Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure in an integral unit are called pressure gauges. The widely used Bourdon gauge is a mechanical device which both measures and indicates, and is probably the best known type of gauge. Mechanical side with Bourdon tube Indicator side with card and dial Applications: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 8

9 Advantages: Disadvantages: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 9

10 Aim: Describe about the instrument recorder and list out parameters which can be recorded. A chart recorder is an electromechanical device that records an electrical or mechanical input trend onto a piece of paper (the chart). Chart recorders may record several inputs using different color pens and may record onto strip charts or circular charts. Chart recorders may be entirely mechanical with clockwork mechanisms, electro-mechanical with an electrical clockwork mechanism for driving the chart (with mechanical or pressure inputs), or entirely electronic with no mechanical components at all (a virtual chart recorder). Digital chart recorders A modern chart recorder is an embedded computer system with an analog to digital converter, a microcontroller, and a hard-copy printing device; such instruments allow great flexibility in signal processing, variable chart speed on process upsets, and can also communicate their measurements to remote points. Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 10

11 List the parameters that can be reordered using recorder Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 11

12 Aim: installation of control valve using flange type connection. A flange is an external or internal ridge, or rim (lip), for strength, as the flange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam; or for attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder Pipes with flanges can be assembled and disassembled easily. Steps for installation the Control valve: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 12

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14 Aim: Install any one transmitter as per sketch list out the applications. Industrial applications of Differential Pressure Transmitters Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 14

15 There are unlimited industrial applications of Differential Pressure Transmitters. Oil and Gas flow metering in onshore, offshore and subsea applications. Water and effluent treatment plants. It is largely used to monitor filters in these plants. It is used to monitor Sprinkler Systems. Remote sensing of Heating Systems for Steam or Hot Water. Pressure drops across valves can be monitored. Pump control monitoring. Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 15

16 Aim: To study about pressure/flow/level/temperature switch. Pressure switch A pressure switch is a form of switch that closes an electrical contact when a certain set pressure has been reached on its input. The switch may be designed to make contact either on pressure rise or on pressure fall. Flow switch: Level Switch: Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 16

17 A float switch is a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used in a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or other devices. Temperature Switch: Switch which can be triggered by temperature is known as temperature switch. The switch may be used in a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or other devices. Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 17

18 Aim: To study about proximity and limit switch. Proximity Switch: Inductive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of metallic objects. Their operating principle is based on a coil and oscillator that creates an electromagnetic field in the close surroundings of the sensing surface. The presence of a metallic object (actuator) in the operating area causes a dampening of the oscillation amplitude. The rise or fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit that changes the output of the sensor. The operating distance of the sensor depends on the actuator's shape and size and is strictly linked to the nature of the material. Limit switch: A switch preventing the travel of an object in a mechanism past some predetermined point, mechanically operated by the motion of the object itself. Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 18

19 In electrical engineering a limit switch is a switch operated by the motion of a machine part or presence of an object. They are used for controlling machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlocks, or to count objects passing a point. A limit switch is an electromechanical device that consists of an actuator mechanically linked to a set of contacts. When an object comes into contact with the actuator, the device operates the contacts to make or break an electrical connection. Government Polytechnic Ahmedabad P a g e 19