- METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS

Transcription

1 EXPANSION JOINTS FOR PIPING SYSTEM - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - NON METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS

2 EXPANSION JOINTS FOR PIPING SYSTEM - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - NON METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS

3 - EXPANSION JOINTS - Expansion Joint is a device used to allow movement in a piping system while containing pressure and the medium running through it. Frequently, thermal growth, equipment movement, vibration or pressure pulsation can cause movement in a piping system. When flexibility for this movement cannot be designed into the piping system itself, the Expansion Joint is the ideal solution.

4 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - 1. Single Expansion Joint (Free Type) Single Expansion Joint has a bellows element with end connections as like flange, weld end, landing bar and others. It is the lowest price type and it can absorb all movements in in any direction or plane. This expansion joint can t resist any deflections with any force except the resistance of the bellows, which is a function of the spring rate times the deflection amount. Single Expansion Joint Technical Data Nominal Diameter Bellows Thickness P X H (mm) No. of Convolutions Overall Length(mm) Movement Spring Force Axial(mm) Lateral(mm) Angular(Deg.) X(Kg/mm) Y(Kg/mm) 0A X ± A 2½ X ± A X ±12 ±

5 Nominal Diameter Bellows Thickness P X H (mm) No. of Convolutions Overall Length(mm) Movement Spring Force Axial(mm) Lateral(mm) Angular(Deg.) X(Kg/mm) Y(Kg/mm) 100A X ±12 ± A X ±1 ± A X ±1 ± A X ±16 ± A X ±18 ± A X ±18 ±0 ± A X ±2 ±7 ± A X ±2 ±7 ± A X ±2 ±7 ± A X ±2 ±7 ± A X ±16 ±40 ± A X ±16 ±40 ±

6 Nominal Diameter Bellows Thicknes s P X H (mm) No. of Convolution s Overall Length(mm) Movement Spring Force Axial(mm) Lateral(mm) Angular(Deg.) X(Kg/mm) Y(Kg/mm) 800A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±24 ±40 ± A X ±18 ±6 ± A X ±18 ±6 ±

7 1. Single Expansion Joint (Free Type) Tied single expansion joints add tied rods to a Single Expansion Joints to increase design flexibility in a piping system. The tie rods are attached to the pipe or flange with lugs that carry the pressure thrust of the system, eliminating the need for main anchors Part Material Quantity Bellows STS04 / STS16L 1 Flange SS400 / STS04 / STS16L 2 End Pipe SS400 / STS04/ STS16L 2 Sleeve STS04 / STS16L 1 Bracket SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Bolt/ Nut SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Customer Specifications Customer Specifications Design Temperature 220 C Design Pressure Full Vacuum ~ 10 kg / cm2 Usage Absorption Elasticity of Low Pressure Gas Pipe, Exhaust Pipe, Duct, Smoke Pipe etc. Protection Against The Vibration Of The Gate From The Engine Exhaust Pipe, Blower etc.

8 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - 2. Universal Expansion Joint Universal Expansion Joint consists of two bellows connected by a center spool piece with flange, pipe ends and others. Universal Expansion Joint absorbs greater axial, lateral and angular movements than Single Expansion Joint. The amount of lateral deflection of the Universal Expansion Joint is a function of the amount of angulationof each bellows and the distance between the bellows. Universal Expansion Joints can be supplied with or without tie rods. Tie rods connect the ends of the expansion joint to each other and resist the pressure thrust load. The addition of tie rods to an universal expansion joint increase design flexibility in a piping system.

9 Universal Expansion Joint Technical Data (Axis Angular Direction) Nominal Diameter Face to Face Length A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A (mm)

10 Part Material Quantity Bellows STS04 / STS16L 2 Flange SS400 / STS04 / STS16L 2 End Pipe SS400 / STS04/ STS16L 2 Mid Pipe SS400 / STS04/ STS16L 1 Sleeve STS04 / STS16L 2 Holder Mid Holder STS04 / STS16L STS04 / STS16L Customer Specifications Customer Specifications 2. Universal Expansion Joint The tied universal expansion joint can t absorb axial movement. Only lateral and angular movement can be absorbed with the tied universal expansion joint. The thermal expansion of the distance between the tie rods will be controlled by the bellows element. The tie rods usually come in sets of two or more, equally distributed around the circumference of the expansion joint. GuideBolt / Nut SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Customer Specifications Design Temperature Working Pressure 220 C Full Vacuum ~ 20 kg / cm2 Usage Sinking Of The Ground For Oil Tank, Steam, Oil Piping, Power Piping etc.

11 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS -. Control Ring Expansion Joint The Control Ring Type, with the tie-rod assembly, is an improvement on the Single Type Expansion Joint(Free Type). This model is designed for pipelines with lateral movements. Tie-rods are designed to sustain the thrust generated during operation. It makes expansion functions even by inserting a ring between the two bellows and mainly be used for high pressured environment and also can adjust expansion limits with tie-rods.

12 Control Ring Expansion Joint Technical Data Nominal Diameter 2A 1¼ Overall Length(mm) Movement(mm) Spring Rate(kg/mm) Single Dual Single Dual Single Dual Effective Dia (mm) Effective Sectional Area ( cm2 ) A 1½ A A 2½ A A A A A A A Design Temperature 00 C Part Material Working Pressure Full Vacuum ~ 0 kg / cm2 Bellows STS04 / STS16L Usage High Pressure And High Temperature Air Line, Steam Line, Oil Line, Gas Line, Heat Exchanger etc. Flange ControlRing SS400 /SF4 / STS04 / STS16L GC20, SS400

13 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - 4. Hinged Expansion Joint The Hinged Expansion Joints have hinges or pivots which allow the device to bend in a single plane. These devices are designed to restrict axial movement, either in extension or compression and to resist full pressure thrust and shear loads, such as from the weight of adjacent piping. And so, if the full axial restraint of the Hinged Expansion Joint is required, the design engineer should consider that there is no allowance in the expansion joint for any axial movement, including none for any installation misalignment. The slotted hinge pin holes may be designed to permit limited axial travel. These slotted hinged expansion joints will not resist pressure thrust forces, and anchoring must be provided.

14 Hinged Expansion Joint Technical Data Nominal Diameter Single Type Face To Face(mm) Angular (Deg.) Double Type Face To Face(mm) A A A A A A A A A A A A

15 4. Hinged Expansion Joint If piping system need axial movement, the slotted hinged expansion joint may be required in designing, and pressure thrust anchoring should be provided Part Material Bellows Flange Hinged Arm Hinged Pin STS04 / STS16L SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Customer Specifications Customer Specifications Working Pressure Full Vacuum ~ 20 kg / cm2 Usage High Pressure And High Temperature Air Line, Steam Line, Oil Line, Gas Line, Heat Exchanger etc.

16 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS -. Gimbal Expansion Joint GimbalExpansion Joint is basically the same as the Hinged Expansion Joint, except that instead of being limited to deflection in only one plane, the Gimbal Expansion Joint can accept bending or angulationin any plane. GimbalExpansion Joint contains two sets of hinge pins or pivots, the axis of each set perpendicular to the other. Each set of pins is connected to each other with a central gimbalring or band. This device provides the same type of restraint and resistance to axial forces, such as the pressure thrust, and to shear forces as the Hinged Expansion Joint.

17 Gimbal Expansion Joint Technical Data Nominal Diameter Single Type Face To Face(mm) Angular (Deg.) Double Type Face To Face(mm) A A A A A A A A A A A A

18 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS -. Gimbal Expansion Joint Part Material Bellows Flange Hinged Arm Hinged Pin Working Pressure Usage STS04 / STS16L SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Full Vacuum ~ 20 kg / cm2 High Pressure And High Temperature Air Line, Steam Line, Oil Line, Gas Line, Heat Exchanger etc. Double GimbalExpansion Joint are similar to the hinged universal except that the two joints are gimbaltype. The advantage of this arrangement is the ability to absorb a large lateral movement in any plane at each end. Because the gimbals are attached to each end of the bellows, the thermal expansion of the intermediate pipe will not be absorbed by the universal but must be accepted by the adjacent piping.

19 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT - 6. Rectangular Expansion Joint The Rectangular Expansion Joints have a variety of applications in the power, petrochemical, refining, chemical, and steel industries. Every Rectangular Expansion Joint is custom-designed to absorb the thermal movements of the system in which it is installed. The Rectangular Expansion Joints absorb three types of movement(axial, lateral and angular) as like circular expansion joints. For the purpose of designing rectangular bellows, it is critical to know in which direction the lateral and angular movements will occur, i.e. parallel to the long and/or short side of the bellows.

20 Rectangular Expansion Joint Technical Data Bellows Type Max. Working Pressure Convolutions Axial Movement(mm) Length(mm) L0 L6 L7 L100 1 ± Double Miter Corner Type Round Corner Type 0. kg/ cm2 2 ± ± ± Camera Corner Type 0. kg/ cm2 ± ± Unlike circular bellows where the pressure stress is a circumferential membrane (hoop) stress, the rectangular bellows must be designed for longitudinal (beam) bending stresses. Mainly, there are two types of convolution profiles, V profile and U profile. The V convolution profile must be constructed with single miter corners, unless otherwise specified. Round corner bellows will always be constructed using the U convolution profile.

21 Rounded Corners U ProfileShould be considered in applications up to 0 psig, and where vibration and cycle life are important factors. Rounded corners are the most expensive to manufacture. This design results in the lowest corner stress if fit up and welding of the corner seams are carefully controlled. 6. Rectangular Expansion Joint Part Material Bellows STS04 / STS16L Single Miter V Profileis the most common and economical type used to compensate for thermal expansion and can readily be bolted or welded into the connecting duct work. These are preferred in low cycle and vibration-free applications. Double Miter V profile is slightly more expensive to manufacture than the single miter design. However, they do provide a greater cycle life under the same set of operating conditions. Camera Corners V Profileis used mainly on low pressure application. Flange Sleeve Bracket Bolt & Nut Middle Pipe (Double Type) SS400 / STS04 / STS16L STS04 / STS16L Customer Specifications Customer Specifications SS400 / STS04 / STS16L Working Pressure Full Vacuum ~ 0. kg / cm2 Usage Dust Collection Duct, Low Pressure Gas Pipe Line, Blower

22 - METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - 7. The others : (1) Elbow Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint The elbow pressure balanced expansion joint is really a combination of several types as like universal expansion joint and single expansion joint. The main function of this expansion joint is to retain and balance the pressure thrust so that main anchoring of the pipe or adjacent equipment is not required, and forces and movements on attachment flanges of delicate equipment, such as turbines, are kept to acceptably low levels. (2) In-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint The in-line pressure balanced expansion joint is very good way to solve a difficult design problem when axial deflections exist, and anchoring is impossible for structural or economic reasons, such as high in the air or short straight pipe runs between two large vessels/ equipment.

23 The principle of in-line pressure balanced expansion joint is basically same as the elbow pressure balanced expansion joint, in that the axial pressure thrust is reacted by the pressure acting on a crosssectional area equal to the area of the working bellows. () Engine Exhaust Expansion Joint Materials Bellows-All plies AISI 21(Alternate Material Available On Request) Flanges-ASTM A6 or A1 to ANSI B16., 10# Class Pipe-ASTM A, A106 or A28C, sch. STD or sch. 40 Notes Materials of construction may be changed to meet specific requirements. Optional features available include-liners, shrouds and longer lengths. Increased Cycle Life may be calculated by using the enclosed graph. Shorter Lengths may be calculated by the minimum installation length Formula

24 (4) Burial Type Expansion Joint Nomi nal Diame ter Overall Length(mm) Single Dual Single Dual X Y X Y ±10 7. ± ±10 7 ± ±10 6 ± ±10 6 ± ±10 ± ±10 ± ±10 4 ±20 80 Nomi nal Diame ter Overall Length(mm) Single Dual Single Dual X Y X Y ±10. ± ±10 ± ±10 2 ± ±10 10 ± ±10 10 ± ±10 8 ± ±10 8 ± ±10 8 ± ±10 1 ± ±10 1 ± ±40 ± ±40 ± ±40 ±20 0

25 - NON METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - The Advantages 1. Large Movements: The non-metallic expansion joint offers multi-plane movement in a shorter face-to-face dimension. The ability to accommodate axial, lateral (in two planes), torsionaland angular movements concurrently is an inherent capability of the non-metallic expansion joint designs. 2. Low Load: The spring rates generated by the movements or required to move the expansion joints are very low.. Corrosion Resistance: The non-metallic expansion joint industry's use of the wide variety of elastomers, fabrics and fluoroplasticsallows the selection of the correct materials for each application. The superior corrosion resistance of various rubbers and fluoroplastics can extend the life of the expansion joint. 4. Sound and Vibration Elimination: The outstanding vibration and sound attenuation characteristics of elastomershelp prevent premature system degradation.. High Temperature: With the use of special materials and designs, non-metallic expansion joints can withstand over 2000 operating temperatures.

26 - NON METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS - 6. Lower System Design Costs: Since non-metallic joints can accommodate movements concurrently, the resultant system cost can be reduced. 7. Low Material Costs: The use of high alloy metals may not be required to meet the corrosion resistance required to meet the corrosion resistance required by the application. The variety of elastomers and fluoroplastics available will allow the selection of the precise and least expensive material. 8. Lower Shipping and installation costs: The nonmetallic expansion joint can be factory preassembled and shipped to the job site for ease of installation. The expansion joints are relatively lightweight and can be hoisted into place with a minimum of field assembly required. 9. No Gaskets Required: Since most installations are either welded into place or use integral flanges, the use of gaskets may not be required (for those installations utilizing metal flanges bolted into place, gaskets will be required). 10. Lower Replacement Cost: Changing nonmetallic expansion joints can be done with the minimum of downtime. The expansion joint can be provided either factory spliced or open ended for field splicing.