NYCT OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH HYBRID TRANSIT BUSES

Transcription

1 New York City Transit Department of Buses NYCT OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH HYBRID TRANSIT BUSES APTA/EPRI/EVAA Electric Bus Workshop October 10, 2002

2 Outline Overview of NYCT Bus Operations Overview of NYCT Clean Fuel Bus Plan Hybrid Electric Bus Technology NYCT Hybrid Bus Projects Lessons Learned with Hybrids Future Plans

3 NYCT Bus Operations Number of Depots: 18 Employees: 14,297 Bus Routes / Bus Stops: 234 / 14,000 Ridership: Revenue Miles: Diesel Fuel Used: 2.4 million weekday 117 million annually 45 million US Gal. in 2001

4 NYCT Bus Fleet ' 2-stroke Diesel Transit 1, ' 4-stroke Diesel Transit 2,377 2,385 45' 4-stroke Diesel Coach ' 4-stroke Diesel Articulated ' CNG Transit ' Hybrid Transit Total 4,461 4,616

5 NYCT GOALS 1. Reduce Bus Fleet Emissions and Petroleum Fuel Use - Achieve levels below current U.S. mandates 2. Improve Service - Improve equipment reliability - Achieve quieter operation 3. Reduce the Cost of Operations - Improve fuel economy - Reduce maintenance and fuel costs - Avoid infrastructure costs

6 NYCT Clean Fuel Bus Commitment Program is technology neutral, and combines several different approaches CNG Buses Hybrid Buses Clean Diesel Technologies Designed to give cost-effective emissions reductions as quickly as possible MTA Capital Plan includes $304 million for Clean Fuel Programs

7 The Clean Fuel Solution - Hybrid Electric Hybrid Electric buses combine a diesel engine and electric drive components Improved performance Significant emissions reduction Increased fuel economy Smooth and quiet operation Avoids the infrastructure costs of CNG - no special fuel handling is required

8 BAE Hybrid System Power Electronics Lead Acid Battery Packs Diesel Engine Electric Traction Motor Generator

9 NYCT Hybrid Bus Programs Successful prototype in 1996 (Orion/GE) Pilot fleet of hybrid buses began operating in revenue service in Orion/BAE buses 325 additional Orion/BAE hybrid buses ordered for delivery 125 buses in buses in 2003

10 Revenue Service Experience Hybrid buses in service since Sept Meet standard performance specs and NYCT emissions g/mi PM and 15 g/mi NOx 450,000 revenue miles accumulated to date Drivers and customers like the buses Brake life approximately doubled Very positive - for a brand new technology, have exceeded expectations

11 Orion/BAE Hybrid Bus

12 NREL Final Data Report Reviewed maintenance data for 1 year Compared 10 pilot hybrid buses to standard diesel buses - same duty cycle avg. mph Fuel economy was 10% higher overall - as much as 22% higher in winter Hybrid buses had lower reliability and higher maintenance costs consistent with their being a small pre-commercial fleet

13 Hybrid Bus Revenue Miles Sep-98 Oct-98 Nov-98 Dec-98 Jan-99 Feb-99 Mar-99 Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Jul-99 Aug-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Nov-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Sep-98 Nov-98 Jan-99 Mar-99 May-99 Jul-99 Sep-99 Nov-99 Jan-00 Mar-00 May-00 Jul-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Sep-98 Nov-98 Jan-99 Mar-99 May-99 Jul-99 Sep-99 Nov-99 Jan-00 Mar-00 May-00 Jul-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Jan , , , , , , , , , ,000 Sep- 98 Dec- 98 Mar- 99 Jun- 99 Sep- 99 Dec- 99 Mar- 00 Jun- 00 Sep- 00 Dec- 00 Mar- 01 Jun- 01 Sep- 01 Dec- 01 Mar- 02 Jun- 02 Cumulative Miles

14 Hybrid Bus Fuel Economy (MPG) average 16% higher in winter w/peak month 22% higher Jan Feb Diesel Jun Diesel July + 10% Hybrid Hybrid - 28% CNG CNG Diesel Diesel Manhattan Brooklyn

15 Hybrid Bus Reliability (MDBF*) Diesel Buses Hybrid Buses * Mean Distance (Miles) Between In-Service Failures 0 Jan- 00 Mar- 00 May- 00 Jul- 00 Sep- 00 Nov- 00 Jan- 01 Mar- 01 May- 01 Jul- 01 Sep- 01 Nov- 01 Jan- 02 Mar- 02 May- 02 Jul- 02

16 Hybrid Bus Availability 100% 90% % of Hybrid Fleet Availability NYCT Fleet target Availability - 85% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Jun-99 Sep-99 Dec-99 Mar-00 Jun-00 Sep-00 Dec-00 Mar-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jun-02

17 Lessons Learned - Operational Bus operators and passengers like hybrids Quiet, smooth operation excellent acceleration/smooth braking feels like a standard bus little or no operator training required Able to be used on all NYCT routes Bus does not roll back on hills Performance can be customized

18 Orion VI Battery Upgrade Replaced Electrosource batteries with Hawker or Optima to improve life high volume commercial product better consistency of voltage and capacity among individual batteries standard commercial battery size will provide interchangeability among suppliers single layer tub design reduces R&R time Continue search for next generation energy storage devices

19 Orion VII Hybrid Pilot Bus 1st of 125 bus order - entered In-Service Qualification Test (ISQT) July 25, 2002 Neither the delay in delivery nor issues arising from ISQT are related to the hybrid propulsion system Completion of ISQT leads to Notice to Proceed Planned delivery beginning late 2002 or early 2003

20 Orion VII Hybrid Bus

21 Orion VII Hybrid Bus

22 Recent Hybrid Emission Results CBD Cycle --ULSD Fuel 3.00 NMHC for CNG bus 2.50 grams/mile grams/mile PM * 10 NOx / 10 CO / 5 THC Standard Diesel Standard CNG NYCT Hybrid Orion VII OCTA Hybrid New Flyer

23 Design Improvements - Traction Motor Planetary gearcase replaces offset design Increased coil to chassis clearance Redesigned high speed bearing system Improved coil and insulation to improve stator reliability and produceability Safety/EMI enclosure added to the three phase connections Better field maintainability

24 Design Improvements - Generator Active Control of Generator Enables varying engine speed for better exhaust temperature control Optimizes NOx and Fuel Economy Improves Engine Transient Response by matching dynamic load to engine Integral Junction Box Added for High Voltage Connections

25 Other Design Improvements Catalytic exhaust filter redesigned - exhaust temperature and backpressure are monitored to optimize emissions and reliability Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) improved to flag problems sooner and troubleshoot problems easier Hawker XT batteries - more plate material for longer life Improved regen control for smoother braking

26 NYCT Hybrid Bus Plans Begin delivery of 125 Orion VII BAE hybrid buses in early 2003 Begin delivery of 200 additional hybrid buses in late 2003 Continue development of hybrid coach, hybrid articulated bus, and search for next generation energy storage devices Order 50 additional hybrid buses in 2003 for delivery in 2005

27 Additional Information Speaker Contact: Dana Lowell, Asst. Chief Maintenance Officer MTA New York City Transit (718) ; Hybrid/CNG/Diesel Emissions Report NYCT Hybrid Buses - Program Reports: reports 6369 and 6383