Fuel Flexibility and Engine Types Utilisation of sidestreams (LNG, O&G) Moscow

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Fuel Flexibility and Engine Types Utilisation of sidestreams (LN, O&) Moscow 02-03-2016 Stefan

1 Fuel Flexibility and Engine Types Utilisation of sidestreams (LN, O&) Moscow Stefan Fältén eneral Manager Oil&as Energy Solutions Wärtsilä FINLAND 1 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Power Plants SFa002

2 Wärtsilä Corporation Power Solutions for Total: 59,5 W Plants: 4769 Engines: Countries: 176 Russia Output: 1,4 W Plants: 75 Engines: 229 Power eneration Marine/ offshore Marine Solutions Energy Solutions Listed in Helsinki 5 billion turnover (2015) Professionals Services 800 persons, Development budget 130 Million /year 2 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016

3 Agenda Fuels sources Developments ->Engine types and fuels Sidestreams Engines Engine portfolio Diesel process Otto process Examples Sidestreams as fuels LN Blow-off, Boil-off gas Sidestream liquids from LN Liqufaction 3 Wärtsilä

4 Wärtsilä Diesel engine fuel path High Viscosity HFO Emulsified Fuels Liquid Biofuels (LBF) L ULV Liquids Crude Oil (CRO) Natural as (N) Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Diesel Oil (LFO)

5 Wärtsilä gas engines development D = as Diesel engine S = Spark ignited as engine DF = Dual Fuel engine W20V34S W50DF W32DF W34S W32D W46D Wärtsilä 02 March 2016

Pipe line gas Wärtsilä Engines and fuel variations S = Spark Ignited -Otto process -Fuel: gas -6 bar pressure gas DF = Dual Fuel -Otto process + pilot -Diesel process -Fuel:

+ pilot -Ultra low viscosity fuels -LFO Pilot + back-up Octane rating = 100 Cetane number = 100 Octane rating = -30 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14

6 Pipe line gas Wärtsilä Engines and fuel variations S = Spark Ignited -Otto process -Fuel: gas -6 bar pressure gas DF = Dual Fuel -Otto process + pilot -Diesel process -Fuel: gas + liquid fuels -low pressure gas D = as Diesel -Diesel process + pilot -Fuel: gas + liquid fuels -high pressure gas -large fuel mixture ratio L = Liquid as -Diesel process + pilot -Ultra low viscosity fuels -LFO Pilot + back-up Octane rating = 100 Cetane number = 100 Octane rating = -30 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 C 22 C 25 C 50 C 70 + LP Light Naphta Heavy Naphta Kerosene LFO Inter as Oil HFO Bitumen Asphalt S DF DF D On crude D L On crude Diesel Fraction 6 Otto Diesel

The Wärtsilä Engine Portfolio Three frame sizes of turbocharged,

10 MW Liquid, as, Dual-Fuel Wärtsilä 46, 50 12 20 cylinders Max.

7 The Wärtsilä Engine Portfolio Three frame sizes of turbocharged, inter-cooled, heavy duty medium speed engines. Wärtsilä cylinders Max. 1,6 MW Liquid Fuel Wärtsilä 32, cylinders Max. 10 MW Liquid, as, Dual-Fuel Wärtsilä 46, cylinders Max. 23 MW Liquid, as, Dual-Fuel Engine number indicates the cylinder diameter in cm: i.e. Wärtsilä 32 engine has 320 mm cylinder bore (about 13 ) 7

8 Engines overview - Modular design - Convertible between engine types Diesel/S/DF (34, 50) 8 Wärtsilä 02/03/2016

9 Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel application references LN Carrier Multigas Carrier Product tanker Bulk tanker CN carrier 168 vessels 8 vessels 2 vessels 1 vessel 1 vessel 732 engines FPSO RORO Chemical tanker Ferries IWW 4 vessels 2 vessels 1 vessel 1 vessel 1 vessel 28 engines Offshore supply FPSO FSRU Platform FSO 24 vessels 5 vessels 4 vessels 2 vessels 1 vessel 123 engines Chemical tanker Container vessel LN Carrier 4 vessels 4 vessels 3 vessels 11 engines Ferries Tugs ROPAX Navy Icebreaker IWW uide ship 9 vessels 6 vessels 3 vessels 1 vessel 1 vessel 1 vessel 1 vessel 61 engines Plants 75 Output 4877 MW Online since engines >1,300 engines >12,000,000 running hours 2 March 2016

10 LIFECYCLE OFFSHORE ONSHORE Wärtsilä LN solutions Small LN liquefaction plants Mini LN liquefaction plants Small/Medium LN terminals LN satellite & bunkering terminals LN storage & regasification barge LN regasification BO reliquefaction Cargo Handling System as and LN Carriers Fuel gas handling system Ship and Cargo Tank design Services Start up support Project life time support Spares 10 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Wärtsilä LN Infrastructure solutions

11 CASE 1 SAVINS POTENTIAL EXISTIN SOLUTION VS ENINES N2/CH4 RATIO = 45/55% LOW BTU AS OMAN LN 11 Wärtsilä Wärtsilä 20 January 2015

12 Fuel Properties Used in the Study Main Fuel Flash as mol-% Methane (C1) 55% Nitrogen (N2) 45% LHV (MJ/Nm3) 0C, 101,325 kpa HHV (BTU/ft3) 60F, 101,325 kpa 19,8 555,5 Density 0,9574 Back-Up Fuel Feed as Composition mol-% Methane (C1) 87 Ethane (C2) 4,9 Propane (C3) 1,7 Heavier 1,6 Nitrogen (N2) 3,9 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 0,8 LHV (MJ/Nm3) 0C, 101,325 kpa HHV (BTU/ft3) 60F, 101,325 kpa 38,1 1067,9 Density 0, Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Flash as as Power eneration Fuel

Power Unit Characteristics Utilized in the Calculations Duty Average Power Needed Average load from

23% T for Drive Duty 300 MW 70-75% 32% 27% ICE for Power SC 85 MW 80-90% 45% 44% Lifetime values for

26,1 ICE values given for simple cycle (SC) and combined cycle (CC) Brazil 48 MW Pakistan 146 MW

13 Power Unit Characteristics Utilized in the Calculations Duty Average Power Needed Average load from ISO Power-% 100% ISO Power Efficiency Lifetime Average Net Efficiency T for Power Duty 85 MW 50% 30% 23% T for Drive Duty 300 MW 70-75% 32% 27% ICE for Power SC 85 MW 80-90% 45% 44% Lifetime values for Ts include: starts/stops and idling stand-by unit Average weighted lifetime efficiency for Turbines: 26,1 ICE values given for simple cycle (SC) and combined cycle (CC) Brazil 48 MW Pakistan 146 MW Bangladesh 120 MW 13 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 K. Punnonen Alternative Fuels For O& Industry Kari Punnonen

14 Compressor Turbine Liquefaction Compressor Compressor Turbine Existing Fuel Feed System for as Turbines 45/55% as Mixing Ratio: 55% C1 45% N2 T electrical efficiency: 23% T mech. efficiency: 27% T for Power eneration -average load: 85 MW -average el. Efficiency: 23% Combustion Flash as (55% methane, 45% nitrogen) 3000 Ton/Day, mmbtu/day T Power Plant: 85 MW mmbtu/day 370 MW fuel input as Mixing for Ts: Flash as Feed as Feed as (87% methane, 4% nitrogen) 1453 Ton/Day, mmbtu/day Mixed as Header T mechanical Drives: 300 MW mmbtu/day 1110 MW Fuel Input T for Liquefaction Combustion Mixed Fuel as: Ton/Day mmbtu/day 1480 MW fuel Input 30% N2 (vol.-%) T for Liquefaction -average load: 300 MW -average el. Efficiency: 27% 14 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Flash as as Power eneration Fuel

15 Compressor Turbine Liquefaction Compressor Proposed Fuel Feed - Engines Power Plant with Simple Cycle ICE for Power eneration -average load: 85 MW -average el. Efficiency: 44% as Mixing Ratio: 55% C1 45 N2 Power Feed to LN Plant 15-kV, 50Hz T mech. efficiency: 27% ICE-SC electrical efficiency: 44% Aux. trafo 400 V 50Hz 110 V DC Neutral point DC-system Flash as (55% methane, 45% nitrogen) 3000 Ton/Day, mmbtu/day 100% Flash as Header *ICE Engines Power Plant: 85 MW mmbtu/day 193 MW fuel input as Mixing for Ts: Flash as Feed as Mixed as Header T mechanical Drives: 300 MW mmbtu/day 1110 MW Fuel Input Feed as (87% methane, 4% nitrogen) 1118 Ton/Day, mmbtu/day 15 Wärtsilä March 2, 2016 Mixed Fuel as: Ton/Day mmbtu/day 1110 MW fuel Input 30% N2 (vol.-%) *ICE Internal Combustion Engine T for Liquefaction Combustion T for Liquefaction -average load: 300 MW -average el. Efficiency: 27%

16 Feed as Saving per - Engine vs. T Existing Solution ICE as Single Cycle: 44% as average efficiency, Total Flow Unit Exisiting Situation Solution with ICE Power Plant Single Cycle Difference mmbtu/day Flash as Usage mmbtu/d Feed as Usage mmbtu/d Total Fuel Usage mmbtu Saving Potential* Saving Potential 110 Euro/1000 m^3 4 USD/mmBTU Saving Potential 150 Euro/1000 m^3 5 USD/mmBTU Saving Potential 180 Euro/1000 m^3 6 USD/mmBTU Lifetime Savings mmbtu mmbtu mmbtu mmbtu Annual Savings MUSD Lifetime Savings MUSD 21,1 MUSD 26,4 MUSD 31,6 MUSD 421,8 MUSD 527,2 MUSD 632,7 MUSD *Savings Potential Assumptions: 365 days per year, 20 years

Processing LN Production LN Export as Well Well Pad roup 1 Water& Condensate

roup 2 Flash as Compressor Cooling Compressor LN Carrier as Processing &

Processing: At source LN Production: LN production Logistics: On-site

17 Case 2. LN Value Chain for a 5 MTPA Classical LN Value Chain Up-Stream as Wells as Processing LN Production LN Export as Well Well Pad roup 1 Water& Condensate Separation Product as Compressor as Treatment NL Handling as Well Well Pad roup 2 Flash as Compressor Cooling Compressor LN Carrier as Processing & Liquefaction Handling Liquefaction Process Raw as Source: Dry gas fields as Processing: At source LN Production: LN production Logistics: On-site storage Wet gas fields Associated ases Pipeline quality High send-out pressure NL handling Condensate handling Carrier loading and transportation 17 Wärtsilä

18 Feed as LN Production and Power Needs LN Production Liquefaction Process LN Carrier as Reception Acids removal De-hydration Heavies removal Nitrogen removal End Flash LN Storage Condensate: C5+ Ethane Propane Butane LP Carrier Condensate Stabilization Fractionation - NL Handling NL Storage Power Plant Condensate Storage Condensate Carrier 18 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

19 Fuel Feed for Power eneration Compressor Turbine Compressor Turbine LN Production Liquefaction Process as Reception Acids removal De-hydration Heavies removal Nitrogen removal End Flash LN Storage Fuel Feed Alternatives: Feed as: -85% methane Sweet/Dry as: -90% methane Lean Feed as: -92% methane Flash as: -60% methane -40% nitrogen Boil-Off as: -92% methane -2% nitrogen Fuel Feed Compressor Drive Fuel Feed Power eneration Fuel Combustion 200 MW mech Fuel Combustion 70 MWe Liquefaction Compressor enerator as Turbine based mechanical dirve as Turbine based power generation 19 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

20 Compressor Turbine Compressor Turbine Typical Power eneration Strategy Duty Electricity Production Mechanical Drives Power eneration Solution Duty Power Need MW Efficiency % (ISO)* Fuel Power MWth* Annual Fuel as Input Ton/year (0,132 MTPA) (0,36 MTPA) Total 270 MW 33,6% 776 MW (0,488 MTPA) *single cycle industrial T Fuel Combustion Needed Compressor Power Fuel Combustion Liquefaction Compressor enerator as Turbine based mechanical dirve as Turbine based power generation 20 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

21 MTPA as Value USD 96 MUSD 144 MUSD 240 MUSD Annual LN/Fuel as Flow Rate Annual as Value as Fuel as Price 4 USD/mmBTU 5 MTPA as Price 6 USD/mmBTU Annual LN Volume MTPA as Price 10 USD/mmBTU 9,8% of Annual production Liquefaction Plant Annual Capacity 0,49 MTPA Annual Fuel Consumption - Power Units 21 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

22 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel New Power Strategy: ICE allows usage of side-streams as fuel High Electrical efficiency (heat rate): 45% Question of fully electrified production 22 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

Wärtsilä Power Plant with Multi Unit Principle Power Output Single Cycle, dual fuel engine 17 MW ISO Multi unit

generation: Chosen Power Plant Characteristics for the study Fuel Consumption Fuel: Flash as, Side Streams enerator set

Fuel: Natural as Ambient Conditions Average ambient temp: 29 C (min. 10 C, max. 45C) Height above sea level: max.

23 Wärtsilä Power Plant with Multi Unit Principle Power Output Single Cycle, dual fuel engine 17 MW ISO Multi unit configuration: Net Power at Step-Up Trafo: 60 or 275 MW Wärtsilä multi-unit Power Plant for base load and intermittent power generation: Chosen Power Plant Characteristics for the study Fuel Consumption Fuel: Flash as, Side Streams enerator set efficiency: 46% (ISO) Own electrical consumption: 6 MW at 400V Plan Net Electrical Efficiency: 40-42% CMPP, 200 MW, Brazil, Fuel: Natural as Ambient Conditions Average ambient temp: 29 C (min. 10 C, max. 45C) Height above sea level: max. 100 m Operational Profile Annual Running Hours: 8400 Plant average load: % 23 Wärtsilä March 2, 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel Kari Punnonen

24 Alternative Power eneration Strategy Power eneration by ICE* Power Plant Multiunit Power Plant: Based on 10 or 20 MW engine frame size Constructed with 6 unit blocks Typically N+1 or N+2 confiquration Plant Performance: 60 MW V32D 275 MW V46D Multi-Fuel Units Net Electrical Efficiency: 43% Power Feed to LN Plant Power Feed to LN Plant 15-kV 50Hz 50 ka Medium voltage switchgear Aux. trafo Neutral point Main enerators 400 V 50Hz Low voltage switchgear 110 V DC DC-system Black start unit Power Plant LV consumers ICE Based Power Plant *ICE Internal Combustion Engine 24 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

25 Alternative Power eneration Strategy Proposed Fuel Feed Alternatives for ICE based Power Plant Ethane Liquefaction Process Propane as Reception Fractionation - NL Handling Butane Pentane+ Nitrogen removal End Flash Nitrogen removal End Flash LN Storage Fuel Feed Alternatives: Feed as: -85% methane Sweet/Dry as: -90% methane Lean Feed as: -92% methane Flash as: -40% nitrogen -60% methane Boil-Off as: -95% methane -5% nitrogen NL + Heavier Power Feed to LN Plant Power Feed to LN Plant Flash as 15-kV Medium voltage switchgear If ICE Technology uses same fuel as T solution then the saving is only 50Hz 50 ka the gas flow difference between 43% to 33% electrical efficiency Aux. trafo Neutral point Being about 25% less fuel consumed Main enerators 400 V 50Hz Low voltage switchgear 110 V DC ICE Based Power Plant DC-system Black start unit Power Plant LV consumers 25 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel Kari Punnonen

26 Case Study - Hydrocarbon Balace LN Composition mol- % Feed as Composition mol- % LN Production *Flow Rate: MTPA 4,99 Methane (C1) 92,2 *Flow Rate: MTPA 6,05 Methane (C1) 86,3 Ethane (C2) 5,4 Liquefaction Process Ethane (C2) 5,9 Nitrogen (N2) 1,9 Mixed into LN Propane (C3) 1,9 Heavier 6,15 Nitrogen (N2) 0,25 as Reception Acids removal De-hydration Heavies removal Nitrogen removal End Flash Flash as mol- % C5+ Ethane Propane Butane Thermal Power MW 84,7 *Flow Rate: MTPA 0,115 Methane (C1) 60 Nitrogen (N2) 40 Condensate Stabilization Fractionation - NL Handling Condensates: C5+ Butane: C4 Propane: C3 Ethane: C2 Thermal Power MW 226 Thermal Power MW 375 Thermal Power MW 400 Thermal Power MW 461 *Flow Rate: MTPA 0,15 *Flow Rate: MTPA 0,25 *Flow Rate: MTPA 0,26 *Flow Rate: MTPA 0,29 *350 days per year, Hysys Model 26 Wärtsilä 02 March 2016 Side Streams as Power eneration Fuel

Hydrocarbon Summary at LN Plant Hydrocarbon Fraction LN Flow Rate MTPA 4,99 MTPA Thermal

84,7 MWth 36 MWe S Ethane (now blended into LN) 0,29 MTPA 461 MWth 198 MWe S/L Propane +

43% 172, 161 MWe Condensates 0,15 MTPA 226 MWth 97 MWe L L Pipeline pumping Russia 60 MW

27 Hydrocarbon Summary at LN Plant Hydrocarbon Fraction LN Flow Rate MTPA 4,99 MTPA Thermal Power MWth Potential Electrical Power MW with ICE* Wärtsilä Engine type Flash as 0,115 MTPA 84,7 MWth 36 MWe S Ethane (now blended into LN) 0,29 MTPA 461 MWth 198 MWe S/L Propane + Butane 0,25 & 0,26 400, 375 MWth *ICE Internal Combustion Engine, net electrical efficiency: 43% 172, 161 MWe Condensates 0,15 MTPA 226 MWth 97 MWe L L Pipeline pumping Russia 60 MW Fuel: Crude Oil Pump drive Sudan 30 MW Fuel: Crude Oil Underground gas storage Hungary 30 MW Fuel: Natural as

28 Thank you for your attention! or visit 28 Wärtsilä

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