VDO Commercial Product Catalogue

Transcription

1 VDO Commercial Product Catalogue

2 Product Description Electronic Tachograph MTCO 1390 Tachograph Charts Tachographs Brackets Tachograph Speed Sensor - Electronic Tachograph Tachograph Speed Sensor Tachograph Interface - Signal Interfaces & Power Converters Tachograph Angle Drives Tachograph Adaptor Boxes Tachograph TCO Power Supply Leads Sealing Cover For Electrical Connections Accessories for Tachographs Tachograph TCO Drive Cables and Cable Parts Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions Various Connecting Nuts, Left Hand / Right Hand Threads for Adapter Boxes Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions Service Diagnostic Systems Sealing / Cable Making Tools Analysis Equipment EDM Electronic Diesel Consumption Measuring System MTCO Modular Tachograph Electronic MTCO Installation Sealing Accessories CANLink Signal Adapter The Tachograph Chart Road Speed Recording Example of Economical/ Uneconomical Stop-Start Driving Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques Engine Speed Recordings Engine Warm-Up Labouring/ Lugging Accident Analysis Commercial Target Market Transport Terminology Index Page Numbers Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page Page Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page Page 37-38

3 Tachograph Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic, Compact Design (diameter of casing 140 mm, mounting depth 99 mm) Model Version Measuring Range Voltage day 125 kph 12 V day 125 kph 24 V Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic, Compact Design (diameter of casing 140 mm, mounting depth 99 mm) Model Version Measuring Range Voltage day 125 kph 12 V day 125 kph 24 V Non-EC Tachograph, Electronic With additional engine recording Model Version 1-day 1-day Measuring Range 125kph 3300rpm 125kph 3300rpm Voltage 12 V 24 V 1

4 Tachograph Charts 24 Hour Road Speed Only Range TCO Spec. Number km/h 15/ * km/h 15/ km/h MTCO * also suitable for TCO Hour Road Speed / Engine RPM Range TCO Spec. Number /24/21* hours km/h MTCO 26 hours * also suitable for TCO & X 24 Hour Road Speed Only Range TCO Spec. Number km/h / km/h 15/ X 24 Hour Road Speed Engine RPM Range TCO Spec. Number /8X24 Mini Range Mini Spec. Number km/h 24 hour km/h 8X24 hour 160-8x24 2

5 Tachograph Brackets Metal Holder A A A A Version Straight 90 Degree Angle (Short) 90 Degree Angle (Long) 70 Degree Angle (Long) Other versions available on request. Spacer A A Depth 16mm 30mm Version Metal Metal Rubber Ring 140 mm Version Rubber 3

6 Tachograph Speed Sensor Electronic Tachograph Hall Generator For conversion of rotational movements of the speedometer output into electric pulses. Operating Voltage: 8-16 volts 8 rectangular pulses per revolution Connection: Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet joint Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm : Version Thread /002/001B 1310 Series M22 X 1.5 Operating Voltage: volts 8 rectangular pulses per revolution Connection: Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet joint Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm : Female Male Version 1310 Series 1310 Series Thread M22 X 1.5 M22 X 1.5 Hall Generator with Continuous Shaft (without Holder) For applications where an additional mechanical drive is needed. Operating Voltage: 6-16 volts 8 rectangular pulses per revolution Connection: Cable side: 3-wire panel connector bayonet and additional screw neck M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 7 mm Gearbox side: connecting nut M22 X 1.5 left and M22 X 1.5; slotted tongue 3 mm. : Version Thread Series M22 X 1.5 Sender Unit Cable for Road Speed Three-wire connection. Tachograph side: plug-type connection. Sender unit side: bayonet joint. When using the road speed sender unit cable for engine speed, special attention is to be paid to the pin assignment (wiring scheme on tachograph casing). : A Spec 731 A Spec 737 Version Plug Kit Impulse Transmitter Plug Kit Impulse Transmitter 4

7 Tachograph Speed Sensor Hall Generator For conversion of rotational movements of the speedometer output into inverted electrical double pulses. Operating Voltage: volts 8 rectangular pulses per revolution Connection: Cable side: 4-wire panel connector bayonet joint Gearbox side: thread, slotted catch 3mm : Version Thread Female Male 1318 Series + MTCO Series + MTCO 1390 M22 X 1.5 M22 X 1.5 Integrated Pulse Generators The pulse generator integrated in the gearbox converts the revolutions of a pulse or gear wheel into inverted electrical pulses. Operating Voltage: 6-15 volts Connection: Cable side: 4-wire panel connector bayonet joint Gearbox side: thread M 18 x 1.5 : Version 1318 Series + MTCO Series + MTCO Series + MTCO Series + MTCO Series + MTCO 1390 Length 19.8 mm 90.0 mm 35.0 mm 63.2mm 25.0mm Sender Unit Cable for Road Speed Connection: 4-wire Tachograph side : plug-type connection (yellow) Sender unit side : bayonet joint : Version MTCO 1390 Length 5000 mm 5

8 Signal Interfaces & Power Converters Pictures are simular to products. Tachograph Interface Current Limiter 24V Pulse Duplicator TCO Inductive Interface with Harness 12/24V 411 Spec 100 Interface Harness Interface without Harness A 2.Impulse Doubler X Pulse Distributor 3 Outputs

9 Tachograph Angle Drives Mechanical Tachograph Angle Drives Connection to rpm takeoff: M22 X 1.5 union nut and 3 X 10 mm slotted hole. Connection to measuring instrument: M22 X 1.5 male thread and 3 X 6 mm tongue tip. Ratio Sense of Rotation Installation /041/001 1:1 Non-Reversing Right-Hand /041/002 1:1 Reversing Right-Hand Angle Joint For direct connection to the tachograph (can be mounted in all directions, transmission 1:1) composed of: Casing with gear shaft, counter gear, adjusting disk, curved washer and mounting parts Right Hand Left Hand Angle 90 Degree 90 Degree Sense of Rotation Non-Reversing Non-Reversing Angle Drive Cable side: Screw neck M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 8 mm Gearbox Side: Connection screw nut M22 X 1.5 left and M22 X 1.5; Slotted catch 3 mm /011/ /011/002 Sense of Rotation Non-Reversing Reversing Ratio 1:1 1:1 7

10 Tachograph Adapter Boxes Adapter Gearbox with Second Output (without connection unit) For adaption to the characteristic coefficient of the vehicle for simultaneous connection of two devices, constant sense of rotation. Tachograph side : 2 Screw necks M22 X 1.5; tongue catch 3 X 8 mm. Gearbox side : Screw neck M22 X 1.5 left; slotted catch 3 mm. Ratio A A A A A A A A A Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox Adaptor Gearbox 0.501: : : : : : : : :1 Adapter Box Kit A Holder for Adapter Gearbox A Version Metal Connecting Nuts Dual Left Hand Right Hand A Left Hand M22 X 1.5 mm M22 X 1.5 mm Right Hand M22 X 1.5 mm 7/8" 18 Ns Blank Nut (Dust nut) (Plastic) (Rubber) Lead Seal : Seal Cup :

11 Tachograph TCO Power Supply Leads TCO 15 Description: TCO 15 (Complete) Housing 4 way : A Z TCO 1310 Description: TCO 1310 (Complete) Housing 6 way Electric Terminal Housing 8 way : A Z Z Z TCO 1318 Description: TCO 1318 (Complete) Housing Clear Colour Housing Yellow Housing Red Housing Brown Electric Terminal : HS HS HS HS HW

12 Sealing Covers for Electrical Connections Electronic 1310 Series : Electronic 1318 Series : Coding Switch Cover 1318 Series : Illumination Bulbs Description 12 V Old Type 24 V Old Type Illumination Bulbs Description 12 V New Type 24 V New Type Z Z

13 Accessories for Tachographs Lock with Key TCO 15, 1310 Series : (TCO Series) (1318 Series) Standard Tachograph Key : Special Key 41.5 mm : X11.140/000/039 Special Key 47.0 mm : Chart Clip 26 Hours : Lock Nut TCO 8 Day Charts : Knife TCO 8 Day : Sealing Wire : Z (1 Kg Roll) Red Seal : Sealer Retainer - Odometer 1310 Series Sealer Retainer - Cover Plate 1310 Series :

14 Tachograph TCO Drive and Cable Parts Complete Cables Tachograph side: Bayonet joint, catch 2.6 mm Gearbox side : Thread M22 X 1.5, slotted catch 3 mm. : Length meter 2.5 meter 3 meter 3.5 meter 4 meter 4.5 meter 5 meter Half Made Cables Tachograph side: Gearbox side : Thread M22 X 1.5, slotted catch 3 mm. : Length meter 3 meter 3.5 meter 4 meter 4.5 meter 5 meter Cable Kits (Part Kits) : Description: TCO Cable Gearbox end TCO Cable TCO side TCO Cable Intermediate 12

15 Tachograph Standard Drive Cable for Mechanical Tachograph Tachograph Connection Bayonet Nut Nut Spring Nylon Bush Outer Casing Ø 9 mm A Flex Drive Ø 4 mm A Nut Female Drive Nylon Bush Hexagon Nut M22 X 1.5 Cable Sleeve Male Drive 2.6 mm Cable Sleeve Gearbox Connection 13

16 Tachograph TCO Drive and Cable Parts Inner Flex Drive 4 mm Ø : A Ø 6.0 Outer Casing 9 mm Ø : A End Piece Male Standard Ø4.1 Ø6 Ø9 : End Piece Female Standard Ø4.1 Ø6 Ø10.5 : End Piece Intermediate Ø4.1 Ø6 Ø10 : Nylon Bush Ø9 Ø6.4 Ø11.3 : Spring for Bajonett Nut :

17 44 Cable parts for Standard Tachograph Cables 15 Intermediate Sleeve : Ø Ø1 5 Ø 9. 3 Ø Standard Sleeve Ø Ø Ø 9. 3 Ø : Sleeve for M18 X 1.5 Nut Ø 1 5 Ø 1 0 Ø3 9. Ø : Ø M2 2 X 1.5 Ø 2 6 Right Hand Nut M22 X 1.5 mm : Ø M2 2 X 1.5 Ø 2 6 Left Hand Nut M22 X 1.5 mm : Bajonett Nut Instrument Connection Ø 3 0 Ø 1 4 Ø 3 1 :

18 Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions M 22 X M 22 X 1. 5 X11.200/001/ X11.200/002/032 M 22 X M2 2 X1. 5 X11.200/001/ X11.200/002/030 Ø 6. 4 M2 2 X mm M 22 X mm mm A M1 8 X m m mm M2 2 X mm mm

19 Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions Ø 3 50 Flexible Drive : On Request Ø 5. 2 Flag drive (Kienzle) : ,7 x ,0 x 26 Various Connecting Nuts, Left Hand / Right Hand Threads for Adaptor Boxes M22 X 1.5 (Left) 20 M22 X 1.5 Standard : M22 X 1.5 (Left) 7/8" /8-18 NS : A

20 Connecting Pieces, Adapters & Extensions : A : A : A : A : : : : A :

21 Service Diagnostic Systems Stationary Test Computer STC : The STC is a very sophisticated device to test tachographs. It is multi functional, easy to handle, with integrated power supply. It is the multi-purpose comprehensive test centre for efficient diagnostic of both mechanically and electronically driven tachographs. The STC is available in Standard and Automatic versions. MTCO 1390 Mobile Tester / Programmer : For MTCO 1390 and 1324 calibration testing and programming Hand-Test Computer HTC : For 1310 Seies tachograph callibration the Hand-Test computer is the economic a minimum equipment. It allows measuring of the basic vales W and K on a measuring track. The HTC is also suitable for checking complete installations for automatic speed control (RSL). 19

22 Sealing / Cable Making Tools Cable Hand Crimper : (Including dies for Standard Tachograph Cable) Dies only (Std TCO Cable) : Dies only (Std Automotive Cable) : Sealing Pliers : (No insert) Insert for above x Drive Cable Printing Press with Universal Die : (on request only) 20

23 Analysis Equipment Chart Analyser with Magnifier and Illumination Version With analysing disk Measuring Microscope for Chart Analyser On request. Analysing Disk

24 EDM 1404 Electronic Diesel Consumption Measuring System Description Option Full installation Kit 12/24 volt Consists of: Electronic Flow Meter Compact Display Mounting Kit for Display Mounting Set for Flow Meter Installation Instructions Option 2 Parts required for OBC application Flow Meter 2. Flow Meter Mounting Set A Gas seperator - Cummins PT inj. Compact Display Flow Meter Flow Meter Mounting Set Speed Impulse Generator TBA Portable EDM on Request It is necessary to install a voltage converter if the flowmeter is used without a display on a 24 volt system. 22

25 MTCO 1390 Modular Tachograph Electronic Description One day recording models km/h 12V 1 Day 125 km/h 24V 1 Day 180 km/h 12V 1 Day 125 km/h 3300Rpm 12V 1 Day 125 km/h 3300Rpm 24V 1 Day Eight day recording models X km/h 12V 8 Day 125 km/h 24V 8 Day 180 km/h 12V 8 Day 125 km/h 3300Rpm 12V 8 Day 125 km/h 3300Rpm 24V 8 Day Installation Console Additional Notes a) All above models have a fixed drawer (Easy Modification for Lower Drawer Application) b) Green Display Illumination (Keys are not illuminated) c) All Models will operate with Standard Speed Sensor (8 Pulse Square Wave Signal) d) RPM Signal taken from W Terminal of the Alternator e) Operates with existing Diagram charts 23

26 MTCO 1390 Installation Sealing Accessories X KN HS HS HS Hw Description Mounting Frame for fitment into the radio compartment Installation Console for fitment on or under the dashboard Sealing Cover (Program Socket) Screw for above Cover Rubber Cap Sealing Cover Electric Connection Red Seals Power Loom Housing 8 Pin Yellow Housing 8 Pin Red Housing 8 Pin Brown Terminal for Housing Recommended Speed Sender A A A A-Spec Pulse Hall Effect (In-line) 8 Pulse Hall Effect (Male) M22 Dual Nut for above Electric Plug Kit for A

27 CANLink Interface CANlink Signal Adapter X Description CANlink Adapter Mercedes Benz - Actros Ateyo - Axor X Cable - CANlink for above X CANlink Adapter MANTJA - DAF IVECO - Scania X Cable - CANlink for above 25

28 The Tachograph Chart Sapphire Tipped Rec. Stylus Pressure Sensitive Wax Black Paper Backing Paper Fig. 10 The chart is the most essential part of the Tachograph System. It consists of recording layer of pressuresensitive wax and black backing paper. The recordings are made with sapphire-tipped styli i.e. Without marking fluid. The styli compress the recording layer which becomes visible (Fig. 10). The recordings cannot be altered without damaging the recording surface. Time Scale Speed Time Scale Driving and Stopped Times Distance Travelled Fig. 11 The clock mechanism in the tachograph rotates the chart(s) at a uniform rate so that the recordings are made in relation to time. All charts are 124mm in diameter. The most common recording range is 0-125km/h (Fig. 11). 26

29 Road Speed Recording Base Line Fig.12 Road Speed Recording When the vehicle is stationary, the speed recording stylus will record a line parallel to the time scales on the chart. When the vehicle accelerates, the recording will move up to whatever speed the vehicle is traveling at that moment. The recording can then be read against the speed scale on the chart to determine at what speed the vehicle was traveling. When the vehicle slows down, the recording also drops with the speed of the vehicle. When the vehicle stops, the recording will return to it s zero km/p position and will remain in that position for the amount of time that the vehicle is stationary. This stationary line is called the BASE LINE. (Fig.12). To be able to read the speed recording against the speed scale, the Base Line must be recorded just touching the top of the lower time scale. If it is recorded above or below this position, the amount that is away from it s correct position must be added to, or subtracted from, the speed recording to determine correct speeds. Stationary Driving Driving Fig.13 Driving and Stopped Time Recording When a vehicle is moving, the time stylus shows this on the chart as a curved wide band and when stationary, a thin curved line. (Fig. 13). 27

30 Example of Economical/ Uneconomical Stop - Start Driving Manner of Driving Fuel Consumption I/100km Extra Consumption % Average km/h Journey Time in Minutes Maximum Speed km/h Uneconomic Economic S h arp B raking n arsh io Fig.20 Fig.21 Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques If stop-start recordings take the form of needle-shaped peaks above 50km/h, then the vehicle was harshly accelerated and sharply braked immediately thereafter. Fig. 20 shows typical uneconomical driving where the driver harshly accelerates the vehicle until road/ traffic conditions force him to brake sharply (Fig. 21). In suburban areas or on major arterial routes, there are longer distances between stops. Hence, uneconomical driving will also be shown as round-topped recordings above the speed limit. 28

31 Bra k i ng Handling a complex world. Constant Speed Slowing wi t ho ut b ra k ng Ac c eler atio n i Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques Economical stop-start driving entails gradual acceleration to an economical speed, which is then maintained. Before the next stop, the vehicle is coated in gear as long as possible and is then braked gradually to a stop (Figs. 22 & 23). Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Assessment of Stop-Start Driving Techniques Economical open road driving entails traveling at a uniform speed within the company s or legal speed limit (whenever is the lower). All fluctuations in speed must be gradual and there must be no sharp peaks or sharply fluctuating speeds (Fig. 24). Sharply fluctuating speeds indicate that the vehicle was driven too fast for the prevailing road, load and/or traffic conditions. Speeds must always be adjusted to these conditions. High speeds on the open road can increase fuel consumption by as much as 50%, tyre wear by 20% and the vehicle s overall maintenance costs without decreasing the journey time significantly (Fig. 25). 29

32 Engine Speed Recordings 1 - Day Models Engine speed is recorded on the reverse side of a doublesided chart (Fig. 58) by a recording stylus which is fitted into the door of the road/ engine speed tachograph. These recordings must be read in an anticlockwise direction. The engine speed scale that is printed on the chart is in 500 r/min steps up to 3300 r/min. Road Speed Recording Fig Day Models With these tachographs, the engine speed is recorded on the same side of the chart as the road speed and distance recordings (Fig. 59). This recording replaces the driving and stopped time recording on the TCO 15/6. The engine speed scale rises in 500 r/min graduations for the TCO 15/ Fig.59 30

33 Analysis of Engine Speed Recordings Only diesel-engined vehicles that are supplied with or have provision for an engine speed take-off can be fitted with road/ engine speed tachographs. Engine speed recordings, together with road speed recordings, provide a complete picture of driving economy and efficiency. However, before engine speed recordings can be analysed, the following data must be at hand: - - Manufacturer s maximum permissible engine speed; - Company s maximum permissible engine speed if it is lower that the manufacturer s; - Engine speed that produces maximum torque; - Whether or not the engine is turbo charged This data can be readily supplied by the vehicle manufacturer or supplier. Once the analyst has this information, he can then analyse the recordings for the following: - Engine Warm-up (Cold Start) 1-Day Chart 1-Day Chart Correct Incorrect Fig.60 Fig.61 31

34 Engine Warm-up (Cold Start) When a vehicle had been standing over night, some or all of the air pressure in the brake system (if the vehicle is fitted with air brakes) will br lost. Also, some of the lubricating oil in the engine will have drained to the sump. Therefore, when a diesel engine is started after an overnight stop, it s speed should not exceed 1000 r/min until oil pressure has built up to normal. The engine should then be idled until the air pressure has build up sufficiently for the air brakes. This should not take more than 3 or 4 minutes if the air system is in good condition (Figs. 60 & 61). Gear change Over revving Over revving on a gear change normally occurs when a driver does not know the maximum permissible engine speed of the vehicle or changes into the wrong gear. Even though an engine may be governed, if the driver changes down too soon, the engine will over rev. Over revving not only wastes fuel but also results in premature engine failure. Continuous Over revving There are two types of continuous over revving. One is where the speed of the engine is constantly in excess of its maximum limit. The other is where, due to lack of vehicle control on a downhill or as a result of speeding, the speed of the engine gradually builds up above its maximum limit and eventually returns to within the limit as speed drops or an upchange id made. This type of over revving is very serious (Fig. 62 & 63). 1-Day Chart 8-Day Chart Continuous Over revving Gear change Over revving Max Speed 2300r/min Max Speed 2500r/min Fig.62 Fig.63 32

35 Labouring/ Lugging An engine is said to be laboring (lugging or under revving) when it is being run below the engine speed, which produces maximum torque. However, most modern engines can be lugged down to 200 r/min below maximum torque without any damage being done. Prolonged laboring can be seen on the chart when the speed of the engine drops for a few minutes below maximum torque and the corresponding road speed is more than 20 mk/h, this indicates that the driver is using too high a gear. Laboring wastes fuel and causes damage to the engine and transmission. (Figs. 64 & 65). 1-Day Chart 8-Day Chart Fig.64 Fig.65 Engine Idling A diesel engine should not be idled for more than 5 minutes at any one time. Engine idling wastes fuel (up to 12 liters per hour) and prolonged idling can severely damage the engine (Figs. 66 & 67). 1-Day Chart 8-Day Chart Fig.66 Fig.67 33

36 Accident Analysis The Kienzle Tachograph is a highly sophisticated and accurate speed recording instrument. With the aid of specially built Stereoscopic Microscopes (Fig. 50) that are fitted with Chart Tables which revolve at seconds for 1-day charts and seconds for 8-day charts, together with an adjustable Guide Line of 3 microns (1 micron = 1 millionth of a meter) cut into a window, the recordings on a Control Instruments or Kienzle Tachograph Chart can be measured to an accuracy on 1km/h, 1 second in time and 1 meter of travel. The microscopic analysis method developed by Kienzle has resulted in Control Instruments Analyses being accepted as invaluable evidence by all South African Courts up to and including the Appelate Division of the Supreme Court which is the highest Court in the Land. The Control Instruments organization pioneered Accident Analysis in South Africa over 30 years ago. The Control Instruments Accident Analysis Section was the first such department to be established outside Europe. The Control Instruments Analysis Section is ONLY Analysis Section in Africa, which is equipped to the E.E.C. Standards. The Control Instruments Analysts are the most experienced and best trained outside of Europe. This service, supplied by accredited experts, is available to Control Instruments / Kienzle users. 34

37 Commercial Target Market Installation Accessories Sealing Equipment Tachograph/ Diagram Charts and Diagnostic System Gearbox Adaptor Angle Drive Flexible Drive Cables Diesel Consumption Measuring System Road Speed Limiter Signal Interfacing Power Converter Speed Sensor CANLink Interface 35

38 Commercial Target Market Fleets Body/ Coach Builders Vehicle Franchise Dealers Construction Companies Special Vehicle Manufactures Engineering Companies Fork Lift Agents Transport Companies Municipalities Defense Forces Food Manufacturing Industry Chemical Manufacturing Industry Clothing Manufacturing Industry Mining Forestry Off Road Vehicles Plant Hire Equipment Locomotive Manufacturers Provincial Authorities 36

39 Transport Terminology CAB Configurations Normal Control The cab is so located that the driver is situated behind the engine and front wheels (e.g. Motor car with bonnet). Forward Control A cab where the driver is situated either in front of, above or alongside the engine, and ahead of the front wheels (e.g. Flat fronted trucks). Semi-Forward Control A cab where the driver is situated alongside the rear portion of the engine and above the front wheels. Driveline Configurations 4 x 2 Two axles one of which is driven. 4 x 4 Similar to 4 x 2 but with both front and rear axles driven 6 x 2 Three axle vehicle with one axle driven. 6 x 4 Three axle vehicle with two axle driven. 6 x 6 Three axle vehicle with all three axle driven. Rigid Body Types Platform body - A flat platform with a headboard only. Dropside body - A platform body with hinged sides and end which drop down to facilitate loading. Enclosed body - A body where the load is fully enclosed. Tanker body - A body designed to contained liquids, granules or powder. Trailer Types Single axle trailer - A semi-trailer with one axle. Tandem axle trailer - A semi-trailer with two axles forming a bogie. Tri-axle trailer Drawbar trailer - A semi-trailer with three axles forming a bogie. - An independent load carrying trailer designed to be towed by another vehicle or a semi- trailer. Rear Axles Single speed Two speed Overall ratio Tag axle Differential Diff lock Brakes Exhaust brake Retarder - A gear set with one reduction ratio. - A gear set giving the driver a choice of two rear axle ratios. It effectively doubles the number of ratios available from the gearbox. - The ratio of engine r/min to driving wheel r/min. - A load carrying axle that is not driven. - (Diff) A device fitted in the driving axle to permit one wheel to turn faster than the other when turning corners. - A device for locking the differential to ensure that both wheels are turned at the same speed. - A brake using the engine as a compressor by shutting off the fuel completely and closing a valve in the exhaust pipe thus making the engine pump a dead end. - A brake fitted in the driveline operated by a magnetic field or hydraulic pressure. Other Equipment Turbo charger - A pump driven by the exhaust gasses which forces air under pressure into the cylinders thus providing better fuel consumption and more power. Inter-cooler - Air from the turbo charger is cooled by a separate radiator making it more dense before going into the cylinders. Gives better fuel consumption and more power. Power take-off - A device to transmit engine power to ancillary equipment mounted on the vehicle. 37

40 Transport Terminology Transmissions Gear ratio Crash box Constant mesh Synchromesh Splitter box Pre-select - The number of teeth on the driving gear divided by the number of teeth on the driven gear. - A gearbox in which ratios are changed by sliding different gears in and out of mesh with each other. - A gearbox with all gears in mesh at all times. Changes are made by locking or unlocking one of the gears on its shaft. - A gearbox incorporating a mechanical device to match the gear speeds when changing gears. - A means of doubling the overall gear ratios available by the use of a two speed close ratio gearbox fitted behind the main gearbox. - A gearbox in which a gear can be selected before it is required and brought into operation when needed by operating a pedal. Geared Road Speed Maximum geared road speed is calculated with this formula Engine r/min x 60. Gearbox ratio x diff ratio x tyre r/km =km/h. Legal Definitions Adapter dolly - A semi-trailer with one or more axles, designed or adapted to be attached between the truck-tractor and semi-trailer and not to carry any load other than imposed by the semi-trailer. Bus-train Converter dolly Goods vehicle Mini-bus Motor car Public road - A bus consisting of two sections connected to form a unit, can swivel on a horizontal plane at the connection between both sections, designed to convey at least 100 passengers and has a continuous passage way throughout the entire length. - A trailer which has one or more axles and when in combination with a semi-trailer converts the semi-trailer into a trailer. - A motor vehicle other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle, motor quadru cycle, motor car, mini-bus or designed or adapted to convey goods on a public road and includes a track-tractor, mobile crane and breakdown vehicle. - A motor vehicle designed to convey more than 9 but not more than 16 persons including the driver. - A motor designed to carry not more than 9 persons including the driver. - Any road declared or recognised as a public road under any law, and includes any road, street or thoroughfare or any other place (whether a thoroughfare or not) to which the public or any section of the public has the right of access. 38