Dong Eun Sung, Jee Hye Lee, and Sangsuk Oh*

Transcription

1 J. Fd Hyg. Safety 22(1), (2007)» t w w w t w ƒ Á xá * y w tœw Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Botanical Raw Materials used for Functional Health Foods and Preliminary Screening for Irradiation of Aloe Powder Products Dong Eun Sung, Jee Hye Lee, and Sangsuk Oh* %FQBSUPG'PPE4DJFODFBOE5FDIOPMPHZ&XIB8PNBOT6OJWFSTJUZ 3FDFJWFE%FDFNCFS"DDFQUFE%FDFNCFS ABSTRACTS Health functional foods refer to food which manufactured in the form of a tablet, capsule, granule or pill, using materials and ingredients with useful function for a human body in Korea. It needs to be confirmed as safe. Microbiological analyses on 37 samples of botanical raw materials used in the health functional food were performed. Microbiological analyses and probability of irradiation using PSL on 4 samples of aloe powder products were studied. In health functional food ingredients APC was CFU/g and coliform counts were CFU/g. Among 37 samples B. cereus were found in 12 samples. Four samples of aloe powder products were tested for possible irradiation using preliminary PSL, Two samples of aloe powder products showed positive on preliminary PSL test for irradiation. Key words: health functional food, irradiation, microbiological analysis, hazard, PSL» t 99 8, ,000 ƒ š, ù» t ü» t j w e š. ù» t w 1), vwù z w wš. x y t wš ³ w» š, ³ ³ w w wš., ICMSF(The International Commision on Microbiological Specification for Foods),, y, t ³ ³ w ³ ³ w ƒ wš.» t w GMP(Good Manufacruting Practice) t Correspondence to: Sangsuk Oh, Depart of Food Science and Technology, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: ssoh71@ewha.ac.kr w w ƒ w w. ù l t ¾ w w w ³, x ³ ³ w ƒ š. x» t Co 60 w» t,, ³ ww,» t z t, z t,, t, y t, j t v ù t w x wš. 2) Yuk w 3) ³, z w w w 5-10 KGy w» g w š z, y w e šw. t ³ t w y w ù t t w kw 15

2 16 %POH&VO4VOH+FF)ZF-FFBOE4BOHTVL0I», w t t w y v w. w t»» w» w v t w y / (identification/detection)w v w. 3)» t ƒ, Ÿ (TL, Thermoluminescence), Ÿ» Ÿ (y Ÿ Ÿ», Photostimulated luminescene, PSL), vœ (ESR, Electron Spin Resonance),,» w ( v ), (DSC) 5) PSL w»» Ÿ vw ƒ v w š q ü w e w. 6) m» t t w š t PSL w ƒ y wš w. x w t ( ) w,» t t 4 t w, 1 w. w ³, ³ d w š, ³(Escherichia coli: E.coli), y s ³ (Staphylococcus aureus: Staph. aureus), (Salmonella spp.) ³(Bacillus cereus: B. cereus) tœ w API kit(biomerieux, Korea) w yw w.» t t ³, ³ d w š, E. coli, Staph. aureus, Salmonella spp. B. cereus w BAM(Bacteriological Analysis Manual) w, API kit(biomerieux, Korea) w yw w. w t Screening Pulsed PSL System(SURRC, UK) w. t t, ƒ ƒv t w t ƒ t ƒ w kw. 7)» t w x wš, w wƒ t w. 2) ³ ³ x» t w 14 1w w» t» ³ 2.» t œm» ³ 3.» 10) w 2) w (Salmonella spp.), y s ³(Staph. aureus), ³(E. coli), (B. cereus) ³, w. š w w ³ ³ t ³ ³ d w s³ ü (Table 1), ³ 37 t 3-6 log 10 CFU/g, ³ w (<10 CFU/g) 6 t w, ù 31 t 2-5 log 10 CFU/g. w 1 log 10 CFU/g w mw w ³ y w š w» ³ w w š 1 log 10 CFU/g w ƒ ƒ wù y ƒ w w. ü ³ log 10 CFU/g,»,, ( ),, log 10 CFU/g ³.,, ƒv,, tš, y» log 10 CFU/g ³. ü 6.60 log 10 CFU/g ƒ ³, ƒv,,, ƒ 3.48 log 10 CFU/g ³. 14 t ³ 3.48 log log 10 CFU/g 5.06 log 10 CFU/g wš, ù 3 log 10-4 log 10 CFU/g ³. ³ d w,,, y» wš ³ ƒ ü y w. ³ ü w ƒv wš log 10 CFU/g s. ü ³ ƒ 5.71 log 10 CFU/g, 2.48 log 10 CFU/g ƒ.

3 .JDSPCJPMPHJDBM)B[BSE"OBMZTJTPG#PUBOJDBM3BX.BUFSJBMTVTFEGPS'VODUJPOBM)FBMUI'PPETÃ 17 Table 1. Microbiological analysis of botanical raw materials No. material origin APC(CFU/g) Coliforms count (CFU/g) 1 Lycii fructus(» ) A domestic 1.9Ü Ü Lycii fructus(» ) B imported 2.4Ü Ü Lycii fructus(» ) C imported 6.2Ü Ü Liriope platyphyllla( ) A domestic 2.1Ü Ü Liriope platyphyllla( ) B imported 7.0Ü10 3 ND 1) 6 Liriope platyphyllla( ) C imported 3.1Ü Ü atractylodes macrocephala( ) A domestic 3.5Ü10 3 Ñ3.0Ü atractylodes macrocephala( ) B imported Ñ3.0Ü10 3 Ñ3.0Ü Corni fructus( ) A domestic 1.4Ü10 4 Ñ3.0Ü Corni fructus( ) B imported 3.0Ü10 3 ND 11 Artemisiae herba( ) A domestic 2.8Ü Ü Artemisiae herba ( ) B domestic 3.2Ü Ü Artemisiae herba( ) C imported 1.7Ü Ü Ganoderma Lucidum( ) A domestic Ñ3.0Ü10 3 Ñ3.0Ü Ganoderma Lucidum( ) B domestic Ñ3.0Ü10 3 Ñ3.0Ü Ganoderma Lucidum( ) C imported 2.0Ü Ü Acanthopanacis cortex( ƒv) A domestic Ñ3.0Ü10 3 Ñ3.0Ü Acanthopanacis cortex( ƒv) B domestic Ñ3.0Ü10 3 ND 19 Acanthopanacis cortex ( ƒv) C imported Ñ3.0Ü10 3 ND 20 Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) A domestic Ñ3.0Ü Ü Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) B domestic Ñ3.0Ü Ü Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) C imported Ñ3.0Ü10 3 ND 23 Coriolus versicolor( ) A domestic 7.1Ü10 4 Ñ3.0Ü Coriolus versicolor( ) B imported 1.2Ü Ü Cnidium Officinale( ª) A domestic 1.7Ü Ü Cnidium Officinale( ª) B imported 5.2Ü10 3 ND 27 Lentinus Edodes(tš) A domestic 3.6Ü Ü Lentinus Edodes(tš) B imported Ñ3.0Ü Ü Astragali Radix(y») A domestic 3.9Ü Ü Astragali Radix(y») B imported 1.5Ü10 4 Ñ3.0Ü Aloe( ) A domestic 3.8Ü Ü Aloe( ) B domestic 4.0Ü Ü Aloe( ) C domestic 7.5Ü Ü Ginseng( ) A domestic 3.0Ü Ü Ginseng( ) B domestic 3.1Ü Ü Ginseng( ) C domestic 4.0Ü Ü Ginseng( ) D domestic 4.4Ü Ü10 3 ND: Not Detected (limit: Ñ10 CFU/g) ³ w ƒ 14 t 5, ù log 10 CFU/g ³. ü», wš 0.5 log 10 CFU/g 4.1 log 10 CFU/g¾. ³ ü 6 log 10 CFU/g ƒ 6 t 3 log 10-4 log 10 CFU/g w t š e, t w. ù t w 1) ww ƒ, 2) w ù,, 3) ƒ, 4), y ƒ

4 18 %POH&VO4VOH+FF)ZF-FFBOE4BOHTVL0I ƒ q wš, y w e w ƒ. ³ t ³ 2z w s³w E. coli Salmonella spp., Staph. aureus,»,,,, ª, y»,, 8 12 t B. cereusƒ (Table 2). API kit (Biomerieux, Korea) w, Serratia ficaria, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter vulneris, K. pneum. ozaenae, Pantoea spp., Citrobacter ³ Staphylococcus xylosus, Micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus cohnii, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis Table 2. Qualitative analysis of food poisoning bacteria in domestic raw material No. material origin E. coli Salmonella spp. Staph. aureus B. cereus others 1 Lycii fructus(» ) A domestic ND 1) Serratia ficaria, Enterobacter cloacae, ND ND ND Staph. xylosus 2 Lycii fructus(» ) B imported ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae 3 Lycii fructus(» ) C imported ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae Liriope platyphyllla( ) A Liriope platyphyllla( ) B Liriope platyphyllla( ) C Atractylodes macrocephala ( ) A Atractylodes macrocephala ( ) B domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter sakazakii, Micrococcus spp. Bacillus subtilis, Serratia ficaria, Enterobacter cloacae imported ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae, Staph. cohnii imported ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae domestic ND ND ND Detected Pantoea spp. imported ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae 9 Corni fructus( ) A domestic ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae, Staph. xylosus 10 Corni fructus( ) B imported ND ND ND ND ND 11 Artemisiae herba( ) A domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Staph. sciuri 12 Artemisiae herba( ) B domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii 13 Artemisiae herba( ) C imported ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae 14 Ganoderma Lucidum( ) A domestic ND ND ND ND ND Ganoderma Lucidum( ) B Ganoderma Lucidum( ) C Acanthopanacis cortex ( ƒv) A Acanthopanacis cortex ( ƒv) B Acanthopanacis cortex ( ƒv) C Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) A domestic ND ND ND ND ND imported ND ND ND ND domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea spp. Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneum. ozaenae, Pantoea spp. domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae imported ND ND ND ND Citrobacter domestic ND ND ND ND Enterobacter cloacae

5 .JDSPCJPMPHJDBM)B[BSE"OBMZTJTPG#PUBOJDBM3BX.BUFSJBMTVTFEGPS'VODUJPOBM)FBMUI'PPETà 19 Table 2. Continued No. material origin E. coli Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) B Schisandra chinensis Baillon( ) C Salmonella spp. Staph. aureus B. cereus others domestic ND ND ND ND ND imported ND ND ND ND ND 23 Coriolus versicolor( ) A domestic ND ND ND Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter vulneris, Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter cloacae Detected 24 Coriolus versicolor( ) B imported ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae, Staph. xylosus 25 Cnidium Officinale( ª) A domestic ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae 26 Cnidium Officinale( ª) B imported ND ND ND ND Pantoea spp., Staph. xylosus 27 Lentinus Edodes(tš) A domestic ND ND ND ND ND 28 Lentinus Edodes(tš) B imported ND ND ND ND ND 29 Astragali Radix(y») A Enterobacter asburiae, Staph. xylosus, domestic ND ND ND Detected Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia ficaria, Micrococcus spp. 30 Astragali Radix(y») B imported ND ND ND ND ND Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae 31 Aloe( ) A domestic ND ND ND Detected Micrococcus spp. 32 Aloe( ) B domestic ND ND ND ND Staph. xylosus, Enterobacter cloacae 33 Aloe( ) C domestic ND ND ND Detected Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter cloacae, Micrococcus spp. 34 Ginseng( ) A domestic ND ND ND Detected 35 Ginseng( ) B domestic ND ND ND ND Staph. xylosus 36 Ginseng( ) C domestic ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae, Staph. sciuri 37 Ginseng( ) D domestic ND ND ND Detected Enterobacter cloacae 1) ND: Not Detected (limit:<10 CFU/g) ³ w. ü,,, ª, y»,, 7 10 t ³ B. cereusƒ,» 2 t B. cereusƒ. ³ ü, 2, 1, tš 1 t 4t,,, tš, y» 4 t. Ueda 8) w B. cereus s sw, š,, t m 1-3 log 10 CFU/g ƒ š šw, Bacillus l m,,» r» w x. 9)10) ³ Serratia ficaria, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter vulneris, K. pneum. ozaenae, Pantoea spp., Citrobacter ³. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter ³ m x» ³, ƒ 44 C w o ³, w ³ s y qw É»ù» t w m» w. w ³ w œ s y û q w ƒ š. Staphylococcusù 11-15) Micrococcus spp. s v w p, ƒ ƒ ƒ w q. 11), E. coli Salmonella spp., Staph. aureus ³, 8 12t B. cereus.» t w œ sw

6 20 %POH&VO4VOH+FF)ZF-FFBOE4BOHTVL0I» w, B. cereus s x w w w ƒ w. ³ ³ GAP(Good Agriculture Practice) kƒ w q, w w q. ù x w w t ³ s ƒ, x ƒ, k ³ w, E. coli, Salmonella spp., Staph. aureus ³ l w w. w B. cereus š w ù, ƒ B. cereus š w q. t w w ƒ t w w t 4 ³ ³, ³ 2z d w, A ³ 10 CFU/g 4, ³ 10 3 CFU/g (Table 3). At wš 2z d ³ ³ w, E. coli ³ 4 t k ³ (Table 4). t p, w ƒ w ù, Table 3 Table 4 B, C, D ³ w ù t Table 3. APC and Coliform counts of aloe powder products vdpsoh# APC (CFU/g) Coliform counts (CFU/g) Aloe powder A 6.1Ü Ü10 3 Aloe powder B ND 1) ND Aloe powder C ND ND Aloe powder D ND ND 1) ND: Not Detected (limit:<10 CFU/g)» t w 7 KGy¾ x wš» ƒ., A ³ w x z, s ³ sw» š q. t ƒ PSL k t w l w š, 700 Photon counts w, Photon counts, ƒ w, 5000 Photon counts ƒ q w š. PSL w t ƒ monitoringw, 3z d A Photon counts negative. B Photon counts positive C intermediate š» w. D Photon counts positive (Table 5). t ³ ³, ³ w Table 3 Table 4, Table 5 ƒ w ww, Table 3 Table 4 B, D w w ³, w w w w ³ š, PSL w Photon counts ƒ positive ù kù w w wƒ š. Intermediate ƒ ù C yw w TL ù ESR w w ƒ v w. Photon counts» w. Hwang w 6) p ù, z PSL d w Photon counts z 15 Photon counts š ùkû. m»w Aƒ 2005, ù 2006 m»w ƒ ƒ¾ A z ƒ x t š w, ƒ Table 4. A number of food poisoning bacteria in aloe powder products E. coli (CFU/g) Salmonella spp. (CFU/g) Staph. aureus (CFU/g) B. cereus (CFU/g) Aloe powder A ND 1) ND ND ND Aloe powder B ND ND ND ND Aloe powder C ND ND ND ND Aloe powder D ND ND ND ND 1) ND: Not Detected (limit:<10 CFU/g)

7 .JDSPCJPMPHJDBM)B[BSE"OBMZTJTPG#PUBOJDBM3BX.BUFSJBMTVTFEGPS'VODUJPOBM)FBMUI'PPETà 21 Table 5. Possibility of irradiation to aloe powder products sample Photon counts result Aloe powder A 626 (-) Aloe powder B (+) Aloe powder C 4094 (Û) Aloe powder D (+) š, Table 5 negative ƒ ù» w š. Table 5 d r ƒ jš, z w Photon countsƒ yw, ù w cross-contamination w d e y ƒ w ƒ š ƒ, dw», x w 1 screening w š TL ù ESR w w 2 ƒ v w š. 16) x» t ƒ w w t w t PSL w ƒ w. B. cereusƒ ƒ š k ƒ q w. FDA B. cereus ³ ƒ 10 CFU/g 6 t w š šwš, USDA/FSIS Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 10 CFU/g» wš 5. w Fresh vegetable Dried vegetable ³ Staph. aureus CFU/g, B. cereus w CFU/g¾ wš 4. w» m ù ³ q w, w ü q» w. w t y w j w w ƒ. PSL w t 4) ƒ w positive( ), intermediate, negative( )» w, x PSL ƒ wš w, k», d eƒ, d r ƒ j ùkù dw» yw š w. Hwang 6),, z PSL mw w w m x w y w wš.» t sƒ» š x w (A030083) w w ( ) w 21(Brain Korea 21) ¾.» t w» ƒ ù w, e,,,, y xk Áƒœw t w. 2004» t w vwù z w wš.» t» t t t 4 t w, PSL w t ƒ t ³ CFU/g, ³ w (<10 CFU/g) 31 t CFU/g. ³ E. coli Salmonella spp., Staph. aureus, B. cereus 8 12 t. t 4 t 1 t ³ 10 4 CFU/g, ³ 10 3 CFU/g š, ³. PSL w t ƒ monitoring w, t 4 t positive 2 t, negative 1 t, intermediate 1 t.

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