Housing Market Information

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1 Housing Market Information Housing NOW Montréal Date Released: August Montréal Metropolitan Area Residential Construction Remains Vigorous in Residential construction increased again in in the Montréal census metropolitan area (CMA). In fact, the latest starts survey conducted by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) revealed that housing starts rose by 12 per cent over the same month last year. In all, 1,579 dwellings were started, compared to 1,408 during the same period one year earlier. It should be noted, however, that had been very calm, as housing activity had declined by 41 per cent in relation to Since the beginning of, starts are up by 7 per cent over the corresponding period in. All market segments show increases in activity, with condominiums posting the greatest gain (+9 per cent). Table of contents 1 Montréal Metropolitan Area Residential Construction Remains Vigorous in 3 Map - Montréal CMA 4 Report tables 26 Methodology Figure 1 26 Definitions Starts - Montréal CMA 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Source: CMHC Freehold Rental Condom inium Total subscribe NOW! Access CMHC s Market Analysis Centre publications quickly and conveniently on the Order Desk at View, print, download or subscribe to get market information ed to you on the day it is released. New! CMHC s electronic suite of national standardized products is now available for free.

2 This past month, however, the condominium segment was the only one to show a decrease in activity (-22 per cent). In all, 318 condominium units were started, versus 406 in. This decline was largely due to the significant drop (-54 per cent) in condominium starts on the Island of Montréal, which remained the most active large sector in this market segment. In the other large sectors, starts of this type rose. Rental housing recorded a greater increase in activity than the freehold segment. In all, 482 rental dwellings were started in the CMA, or 70 per cent more than in. Most of these units are intended for seniors.this past month, construction got under way on two major rental housing projects for seniors in the CMA, one with 179 units in Laval and the other with 118 units in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville. Freehold home building increased by 8 per cent last month, with semidetached and row housing activity posting a gain (+26 per cent) that was five times greater than the rise in single-detached home construction (+5 per cent).the popularity of semi-detached and row homes is attributable to their relative affordability, especially when compared to single-detached houses. The appeal of these more affordable homes has brought about an increase in activity in this market segment since the beginning of this year. In fact, while, since January, single-detached home starts are up by 1 per cent over the same period in, semi-detached and row home construction is ahead by 35 per cent. This past month, the Island of Montréal was the large sector that posted the poorest performance (-64 per cent), on account of the decrease in condominium starts (-54 per cent) and, especially, the decline in rental housing activity (-97 per cent). The North Crown was the most active large sector in the CMA, both in terms of starts (750 units) and growth (+62 per cent). In comparison with, rental housing starts registered a fivefold increase, and condominium and freehold home construction posted gains of 41 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively. In the South Crown, construction got under way on 529 dwellings, or 55 per cent more than in. In this sector, there were 20 times more rental housing starts, while freehold home building increased by 3 per cent and condominium construction rose by 14 per cent. Lastly, in Vaudreuil-Soulanges, foundations were laid for 112 new units, up by 26 per cent over. This past, elsewhere across Quebec, housing starts increased in the metropolitan areas of Saguenay (+68 per cent), Gatineau (+62 per cent) and Québec (+1 per cent). Conversely, starts decreased by 29 per cent in the Trois-Rivières CMA, and 118 new dwellings got underway in the Sherbrooke (including Magog) CMA. The Housing Outlook Conference: Expanding Your Horizons Montreal : November 6, - PALAIS DES CONGRÈS Information and registration: evca_002.cfm?event=591&fr= % discount if you register before October 15th. CMHC's experts will give you the inside track on the key issues pertaining to Montreal's housing market. 2

3 HWY 10 Housing Now - Montréal - Date Released: August DE LA RIVE NORD HWY HWY 30 JEAN LESAGE HWY HWY 640 SHERBROOKE E ST HWY 25 ST LAURENT BLVD HWY 15 LAURIER BLVD LAVAL W DES LAURENTIDES HWY Montréal CMA Total Number of Starts January JEAN LESAGE HWY HWY Km Legend starts starts starts 833-1,057 starts Not surveyed N 3

4 ZO N E D E SC RIP T IO N S - M O N T RÉ A L C M A Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Zone 8 Zone 9 Zone 10 Zone 11 Zone 12 Z one 13 Zone 14 Zone 15 Zone 16 Zone 17 Zone 18 Z one 19 Zone 20 Zone 21 Zone 22 Zone 23 Zone 24 Zone 25 Zone 26 Zone 27 Downtown Montréal (bordered on the east by Amherst Street, on the west by Guy Street and on the north by Chemin Remembrance and Des Pins Avenue), Île-des-Soeurs. Dorval, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal (Lachine, LaSalle, Le Sud-Ouest, Verdun). Côte-Saint-Luc, Hampstead, Montréal (Côte-des-Neiges, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Outremont), Montréal-Ouest, Mont- Royal, W estmount. Montréal (Parc-Extension, Plateau Mont-Royal, Rosemont (including La Petite-Patrie), Saint-Michel, Villeray). Montréal (Mercier, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Centre-Sud). Montréal (Anjou, Saint-Léonard). Montréal (Ahuntsic, Cartierville, Montréal-Nord). Montréal (Saint-Laurent). Beaconsfield, Baie-d'Urfé, D ollard-des-o rmeaux, Kirkland, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville, Montréal (L'Île-Bizard, Pierrefonds, Roxboro, Sainte-G eneviève). Montréal-Est, Montréal (Pointe-aux-Trembles, Rivière-des-Prairies). Laval (Chomedey, Sainte-Dorothée, Laval-sur-le-Lac). Laval (Auteuil, Duvernay, Laval-des-Rapides, Pont-Viau, Saint-François, Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Vimont). Laval (Fabreville, Laval-O uest, Sainte-Rose). MRC Deux-Montagnes (Deux-Montagnes, Oka, Pointe-Calumet, Saint-Eustache, Saint-Joseph-du-Lac, Sainte-Marthe-sur-le- Lac, Saint-Placide). Mirabel. MRC Thérèse-de-Blainville (Blainville, Boisbriand, Bois-des-Filion, Lorraine, Rosemère, Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Sainte- Thérèse). MRC Les Moulins (Terrebonne, Mascouche). Charlemagne, Lavaltrie, L'Assomption, Repentigny, Saint-Sulpice, L'Épiphanie G ore, Saint-Colomban, Saint-Jérôme. Longueuil. Boucherville, Saint-Amable, Sainte-Julie, Varennes, Verchères Beloeil, McMasterville, Mont-Saint-H ilaire, O tterburn Park, Saint-Basile-le-G rand, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Saint- Mathieu-de-Beloeil. Carignan, Chambly, Richelieu, Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu. Brossard, La Prairie, Saint-Lambert. Candiac, Delson, Saint-Constant, Saint-Mathieu, Saint-Philippe, Sainte-Catherine. Beauharnois, Châteauguay, Léry, Mercier, Saint-Isidore. Hudson, Les Cèdres, L'Île-Cadieux, L'Île-Perrot, Notre-Dame-de-L'Île-Perrot, Pincourt, Pointe-des-Cascades, Saint-Lazare, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac, Saint-Zotique, Coteau-du-Lac M, Les Coteaux M 4

5 HOUSING NOW REPORT TABLES Available in ALL reports: 1 Housing Activity Summary of CMA 2 Starts by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Current Month or Quarter 2.1 Starts by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Year-to-Date 3 Completions by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Current Month or Quarter 3.1 Completions by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Year-to-Date 4 Absorbed Single-Detached Units by Price Range 5 MLS Residential Activity 6 Economic Indicators Available in SELECTED Reports: 1.1 Housing Activity Summary by Submarket 1.2 History of Housing Activity (once a year) 2.2 Starts by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Current Month or Quarter 2.3 Starts by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Year-to-Date 2.4 Starts by Submarket and by Intended Market Current Month or Quarter 2.5 Starts by Submarket and by Intended Market Year-to-Date 3.2 Completions by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Current Month or Quarter 3.3 Completions by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Year-to-Date 3.4 Completions by Submarket and by Intended Market Current Month or Quarter 3.5 Completions by Submarket and by Intended Market Year-to-Date 4.1 Average Price ($) of Absorbed Single-Detached Units SYMBOLS n/a Not applicable * Totals may not add up due to co-operatives and unknown market types ** Percent change > 200% - Nil or zero -- Amount too small to be expressed SA Monthly figures are adjusted to remove normal seasonal variation 5

6 Table 1: Housing Activity Summary of Montréal CMA Single Freehold Semi Row, Apt. & Other Ownership Single Condominium Row and Semi Apt. & Other Single, Semi, and Row Apt. & Other STARTS , ,408 % Change n/a ** n/a Year-to-date 4, , ,061 12,703 Year-to-date 4, , ,235 11,895 % Change n/a n/a UNDER CONSTRUCTION 2, , ,415 13,197 2, , ,175 16,307 % Change n/a n/a COMPLETIONS 1, , ,757 1, ,902 % Change n/a n/a Year-to-date 4, , ,925 15,774 Year-to-date 4, , ,575 12,923 % Change n/a COMPLETED & NOT ABSORBED , ,030 4, , ,215 3,888 % Change n/a ABSORBED , ,904 % Change n/a Year-to-date 4, , ,209 15,845 Year-to-date 4, , ,009 11,392 % Change n/a Rental Total* Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey, M arket Absorption Survey) 6

7 Table 1.1: Housing Activity Summary by Submarket Single Freehold Semi Row, Apt. & Other Ownership Single Condominium Row and Semi Apt. & Other Single, Semi, and Row Apt. & Other STARTS Île de Montréal Laval Rive-Nord Rive-Sud Vaudreuil-Soulanges Montréal CMA , ,408 UNDER CONSTRUCTION Île de Montréal , ,023 5, , ,970 8,029 Laval ,217 2, ,507 Rive-Nord 1, ,878 1, ,163 Rive-Sud , , ,087 Vaudreuil-Soulanges Montréal CMA 2, , ,415 13,197 2, , ,175 16,307 Rental Total* Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey, M arket Absorption Survey) 7

8 Table 1.1: Housing Activity Summary by Submarket Single Freehold Semi Row, Apt. & Other Ownership Single Condominium Row and Semi Apt. & Other Single, Semi, and Row Apt. & Other COMPLETIONS Île de Montréal , Laval Rive-Nord Rive-Sud , Vaudreuil-Soulanges Montréal CMA 1, , ,757 1, ,902 COMPLETED & NOT ABSORBED Île de Montréal , , ,703 Laval Rive-Nord , Rive-Sud Vaudreuil-Soulanges Montréal CMA , ,030 4, , ,215 3,888 Rental Total* Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey, M arket Absorption Survey) 8

9 Table 1.1: Housing Activity Summary by Submarket Single Freehold Semi Row, Apt. & Other Ownership Single Condominium Row and Semi Apt. & Other Single, Semi, and Row Apt. & Other ABSORBED Île de Montréal Laval Rive-Nord , Rive-Sud Vaudreuil-Soulanges Montréal CMA 1, , ,634 1, ,904 Rental Total* Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey, M arket Absorption Survey) 9

10 Submarket Table 2: Starts by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Single Semi Row Apt. & Other Total % Change Zone Zone n/a Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ** Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA ,579 1, Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 10

11 Submarket Table 2.1: Starts by Submarket and by Dwelling Type January - Single Semi Row Apt. & Other Total % Change Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone , Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 4,847 4, ,682 6,302 12,703 11, Source: CMHC (Starts and Completions Survey) 11

12 Submarket Table 2.2: Starts by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Freehold and Condominium Row Rental Freehold and Condominium Apt. & Other Rental Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 12

13 Submarket Table 2.3: Starts by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market January - Freehold and Condominium Row Rental Freehold and Condominium Apt. & Other Rental Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA ,212 3,932 2,061 2,235 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 13

14 Submarket Table 2.4: Starts by Submarket and by Intended Market Freehold Condominium Rental Total* Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA ,579 1,408 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 14

15 Submarket Table 2.5: Starts by Submarket and by Intended Market January - Freehold Condominium Rental Total* Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone , Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 5,974 5,638 4,223 3,887 2,097 2,235 12,703 11,895 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 15

16 Submarket Table 3: Completions by Submarket and by Dwelling Type Single Semi Row Apt. & Other Total % Change Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 1,182 1, ,337 1,577 3,757 2, Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 16

17 Submarket Table 3.1: Completions by Submarket and by Dwelling Type January - Single Semi Row Apt. & Other Total % Change Zone , , ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ,073 1, Zone , Zone Zone ** Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 4,492 4, ,408 7,126 15,774 12, Source: CMHC (Starts and Completions Survey) 17

18 Table 3.2: Completions by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market Submarket Freehold and Condominium Row Rental Freehold and Condominium Apt. & Other Rental Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA , Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 18

19 Table 3.3: Completions by Submarket, by Dwelling Type and by Intended Market January - Submarket Freehold and Condominium Row Rental Freehold and Condominium Apt. & Other Rental Zone , Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA ,719 3,677 3,925 2,575 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 19

20 Submarket Table 3.4: Completions by Submarket and by Intended Market Freehold Condominium Rental Total* Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 1,471 1,296 1, ,757 2,902 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 20

21 Submarket Table 3.5: Completions by Submarket and by Intended Market January - Freehold Condominium Rental Total* Zone , , Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone ,073 1,169 Zone , Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Montréal CMA 5,452 5,706 5,626 3,762 3,932 2,581 15,774 12,923 Source: CM HC (Starts and Completions Survey) 21

22 Table 4: Absorbed Single-Detached Units by Price Range Price Ranges $200,000 - $300,000 - $400,000 - < $200,000 $500,000 + Median Average Submarket $299,999 $399,999 $499,999 Total Price ($) Price ($) Share Share Share Share Share Units Units Units Units Units (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Island of Montréal , , , ,397 Year-to-date , ,294 Year-to-date , ,170 Laval , , , ,380 Year-to-date , ,353 Year-to-date , ,317 North Shore , , , ,087 Year-to-date , , , ,529 Year-to-date , , , ,672 South Shore , , , ,406 Year-to-date , , ,684 Year-to-date , , ,865 Vaudreuil-Soulanges , , , ,221 Year-to-date , ,654 Year-to-date , ,241 Montréal CMA , , , , , ,191 Year-to-date , , , , ,363 Year-to-date , , , , ,226 Source: CM HC (M arket Absorption Survey) 22

23 Table 4.1: Average Price ($) of Absorbed Single-detached Units Submarket % Change % Change Zone n/a n/a Zone n/a n/a Zone n/a 699,091 1,090, Zone n/a n/a Zone n/a n/a Zone n/a 450, , Zone n/a 487, , Zone 8 643, n/a 629, , Zone 9 456, , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Zone , , , , Montréal CMA 300, , , , Source: CMHC (Market Absorption Survey) 23

24 Table 5: MLS Residential Activity (Single Family Homes, Plex(2-5 units), Condo) Montréal June Number of Sales 1 Yr/Yr 2 (%) Number of Active Listings 1 Yr/Yr 2 (%) Average Price 1 ($) (Single-Family Home) Yr/Yr 2 (%) January 2, , , February 3, , , March 5, , , April 4, , , May 4, , , June 3, , , , , , August 2, , , September 2, , , October 2, , , November 2, , , December 2, , , January 2, , , February 4, , , March 5, , , April 5, , , May 4, , , June 3, , , August September October November December M LS is a registered trademark of the Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) 1 Source : Greater M ontreal Real Estate Board (GM REB) 2 Source: CM HC, adapted from M LS data supplied by CREA 24

25 Interest Rates Table 6: Economic Indicators NHPI, Total, Montréal CMA 1997=100 Mortage Rates P & I Average (%) Employment Unemployment Participation Per Weekly 1 Yr. 5 Yr. SA (,000) Rate (%) SA Rate (%) SA $100,000 Earnings ($) Term Term January , February , March , April , May , June , , August , September , October , November , December , January , February , March , April , May , June , , August September October November December CPI, 2002 =100 Montréal Labour Market "P & I" means Principal and Interest (assumes $100,000 mortgage amortized over 25 years using current 5 year interest rate) "NHPI" means New Housing Price Index "CPI" means Consumer Price Index "SA" means Seasonally Adjusted Source: CM HC, adapted from Statistics Canada (CANSIM ), CREA (M LS ), Statistics Canada (CANSIM ) 25

26 Methodology Starts & Completions Survey Methodology The Starts and Completions Survey is conducted by way of site visits which are used to confirm that new units have reached set stages in the construction process. Since most municipalities in the country issue building permits, these are used as an indication of where construction is likely to take place. In areas where there are no permits, reliance has to be placed either on local sources or searching procedures. The Starts and Completions Survey is carried out monthly in urban areas with population in excess of 50,000, as defined by the 2001 Census. In urban areas with populations of 10,000 to 49,999, all Starts are enumerated in the last month of the quarter (i.e. four times a year, in March, June, September and December). In these centres with quarterly enumeration, Completion activity is modelled based on historical patterns. Monthly Starts and Completions activity in these quarterly locations are statistically estimated at a provincial level for single and multi categories. Centres with populations below 10,000 are enumerated on a sample basis, also in the last month of each quarter (i.e. four times a year, in March, June, September and December). The Starts and Completions Survey enumerates dwelling units in new structures only, designed for non-transient and year-round occupancy. Mobile homes are included in the surveys. A mobile home is a type of manufactured house that is completely assembled in a factory and then moved to a foundation before it is occupied. Trailers or any other movable dwelling (the larger often referred to as a mobile home) with no permanent foundation are excluded from the survey. Conversions and/or alterations within an existing structure are excluded from the surveys as are seasonal dwellings, such as: summer cottages, hunting and ski cabins, trailers and boat houses; and hostel accommodations, such as: hospitals, nursing homes, penal institutions, convents, monasteries, military and industrial camps, and collective types of accommodation such as: hotels, clubs, and lodging homes. Market Absorption Survey Methodology The Market Absorption Survey is carried out in conjunction with the Starts and Completions Survey in urban areas with populations in excess of 50,000. When a structure is recorded as completed, an update is also made as units are sold or rented. The dwellings are then enumerated each month until such time as full absorption occurs. STARTS AND COMPLETIONS SURVEY AND MARKET ABSORPTION SURVEY DEFINITIONS A dwelling unit, for purposes of the Starts and Completions Survey, is defined as a structurally separate set of self-contained living premises with a private entrance from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, or stairway inside the building. Such an entrance must be one that can be used without passing through another separate dwelling unit. A start, for purposes of the Starts and Completions Survey, is defined as the beginning of construction work on a building, usually when the concrete has been poured for the whole of the footing around the structure, or an equivalent stage where a basement will not be part of the structure. The number of units under construction as at the end of the period shown, takes into account certain adjustments which are necessary for various reasons. For example, after a start on a dwelling has commenced construction may cease, or a structure, when completed, may contain more or fewer dwelling units than were reported at start. A completion, for purposes of the Starts and Completions Survey, is defined as the stage at which all the proposed construction work on a dwelling unit has been performed, although under some circumstances a dwelling may be counted as completed where up to 10 per cent of the proposed work remains to be done. The term absorbed means that a housing unit is no longer on the market (i.e. has been sold or rented). This usually happens when a binding contract is secured by a non-refundable deposit and has been signed by a qualified purchaser. The purpose of the Market Absorption Survey is to measure the rate at which units are sold or rented after they are completed, as well as collect prices. 26

27 DWELLING TYPES: A Single-Detached dwelling (also referred to as Single ) is a building containing only one dwelling unit, which is completely separated on all sides from any other dwelling or structure. Includes link homes, where two units may share a common basement wall but are separated above grade. Also includes cluster-single developments. A Semi-Detached (Double) dwelling (also referred to as Semi ) is one of two dwellings located side-by-side in a building, adjoining no other structure and separated by a common or party wall extending from ground to roof. A Row (Townhouse) dwelling is a one family dwelling unit in a row of three or more attached dwellings separated by a common or party wall extending from ground to roof. The term Apartment and other includes all dwellings other than those described above, including structures commonly known as stacked townhouses, duplexes, triplexes, double duplexes and row duplexes. Intended market: The intended market is the tenure in which the unit is being marketed. This includes the following categories: Freehold: A residence where the owner owns the dwelling and lot outright. Condominium (including Strata-Titled): An individual dwelling which is privately owned, but where the building and/or the land are collectively owned by all dwelling unit owners. A condominium is a form of ownership rather than a type of house. Rental: Dwelling constructed for rental purposes regardless of who finances the structure. Geographical terms: A census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a large urban area (known as the urban core). The census population count of the urban core is at least 10,000 to form a census agglomeration and at least 100,000 to form a census metropolitan area. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree on integration with the central urban area, as measured by commuting flows derived from census place of work data. CMAs and CAs contain whole municipalities or Census Subdivisions. A Rural area, for the purposes of this publication, is a centre with a population less than 10,000. All data presented in this publication is based on Statistics Canada s 2001 Census area definitions. 27

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