2000 RUTGERS Turfgrass Proceedings

Transcription

1 2000 RUTGERS Turfgrass Proceedings Rutgers University THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION In Cooperation With RUTGERS COOPERATIVE EXTENSION NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY NEW BRUNSWICK Distributed in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, Cooperative Extension work in agriculture, home economics, and 4-H. Zane R. Helsel, Director of Extension. Rutgers Cooperative Extension provides information and educational services to all people without regard to sex, race, color, national origin, disability or handicap, or age. Rutgers Cooperative Extension is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

2 2000 RUTGERS TURFGRASS PROCEEDINGS of the New Jersey Turfgrass Expo December 12-14, 2000 Trump Taj Mahal Atlantic City, New Jersey Volume 32 Published July, 2001 The Rutgers Turfgrass Proceedings is published yearly by the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers University in cooperation with the New Jersey Turfgrass Association. The purpose of this document is to provide a forum for the dissemination of information and the exchange of ideas and knowledge. The proceedings provide turfgrass managers, research scientists, extension specialists, and industry personnel with opportunities to communicate with co-workers. Through this forum, these professionals also reach a more general audience, which includes the public. This publication includes lecture notes of papers presented at the 2000 New Jersey Turfgrass Expo. Publication of these lectures provides a readily available source of information covering a wide range of topics and includes technical and popular presentations of importance to the turfgrass industry. This proceedings also includes research papers that contain original research findings and reviews of selected subjects in turfgrass science. These papers are presented primarily to facilitate the timely dissemination of original turfgrass research for use by the turfgrass industry. Special thanks are given to those who have submitted papers for this proceedings, to the New Jersey Turfgrass Association for financial assistance, and to those individuals who have provided support to the Rutgers Turfgrass Research Program at Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Dr. Ann B. Gould, Editor Dr. Bruce B. Clarke, Coordinator

3 EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS AND SELECTIONS IN THE 2000 NATIONAL KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TEST Stacy A. Bonos, Eric Watkins, Ronald F. Bara, Melissa M. Mohr, and William A. Meyer 1 INTRODUCTION Powdery mildew of Kentucky bluegrass, caused by the fungus Erysiphe graminis, is a serious disease of many cultivars subject to shaded environments, periods of low light intensity, or poor air circulation (Smiley et al., 1992; Turgeon, 1991). The disease first appears as small, superficial patches of white mycelium on the outer sleaf surface (Turgeon, 1991). Patches enlarge and rapidly coalesce to cover much of the leaf surface, at which time the leaves become chlorotic and may die (Smiley et al., 1992; Turgeon, 1991). Large infected areas look as if flour or lime has been dusted over the turfgrass plants (Smiley et al., 1992). The causal fungus is an obligate parasite, living its entire life on living plant tissue; it overwinters as mycelial mats on living plants or as cleistothecia on dead plant tissue (Turgeon, 1991). Powdery mildew is prevalent under cool, moist conditions in the greenhouse. In the field, the disease is generally observed during the spring and fall, as spore production and infection of leaves are favored during cool (65 o F), humid, and cloudy periods. It can be especially severe on Kentucky bluegrass growing in shaded areas that have been heavily fertilized with nitrogen-containing fertilizers (Smiley et al., 1992). Fungicides are effective for controlling this disease. Selective pruning of trees and shrubs to improve penetration of sunlight to the turfgrass canopy and increase air circulation may also reduce disease development. The most effective control, however, is the use of shade-tolerant species or disease resistant cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass developed for shaded, diseaseprone sites. PROCEDURES During the winter of 2001, 337 entries of Kentucky bluegrass were established under greenhouse conditions to evaluate powdery mildew susceptibility. Entries evaluated included all the entries in the 2000 National Kentucky bluegrass test sponsored by the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) as well as collections from the United States and Europe, new material developed in the breeding program, and selections developed by other breeders. Entries were sown by hand using a maximum of 0.08 g of seed per 3.5 X 3.5 inch pot (2.0 lb/1000 ft 2 ) and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications on 29 January, The seedlings were fertilized with a complete water-soluble fertilizer ( ) during the period of establishment at a rate of 0.75 nitrogen/1000 ft 2. Plants were inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus, and at the first evidence of disease were watered at the base of the plant to minimize spread. Seedlings (5 weeks old) were rated on 8 March for degree of powdery mildew disease on a 1 to 9 scale, where 9 represented the least disease (Table 1). Seedlings were also rated on 6 March for plant height on a 1 to 9 scale, where 9 represented the tallest height. 1 Graduate Assistant, Graduate Assistant, Principal Laboratory Technician, Soils and Plants Technician, and Research Professor, respectively, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ

4 RESULTS Results are presented in Table 1. Entries are ranked according to the degree of powdery mildew disease. There was a wide range of resistance to powdery mildew among the Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections evaluated (Table 1). Cultivars such as Blackstone, Serene, Limerick, and Boomerang showed excellent resistance to powdery mildew. Cultivars that exhibited moderate resistance to the disease were Bodacious, Julius, Washington, Langara, and Moonlight. Midnight, Touchdown, Rita, Award, and Liberator all exhibited very poor resistance to powdery mildew. There are distinct differences in growth rate among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections. Cultivars such as Washington and Kenblue had the greatest growth rate (Table 1). Cultivars such as Wildwood, Preakness, Rita, and Bordeaux had a medium growth rate, while cultivars such as Broadway, Allure, and the experimental selections A and A were among the shortest of the Kentucky bluegrasses evaluated. REFERENCES Smiley, R. W., Dernoeden, P. H., and Clarke, B. B Compendium of turfgrass diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. Turgeon, A. J Turfgrass management. Regents/Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. D This work was conducted as part of NJAES Project No , supported by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, State, and Hatch Act funds, the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, other grants, and gifts. Additional support was received from the United States Golf Association, NTEP, and the New Jersey Turfgrass Association.

5 Table 1. Performance of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections in a greenhouse trial established in 2001 at Adelphia, NJ. (Includes entries of 2000 NTEP Medium- High Maintenance Test.) 1 * HV * Blackstone W102-A-K * Limerick * SRX OG IM SRX 2U A A94 LM * Boomerang * Kenblue * Unique RUGC * H A * Jewel * DLF A H SRX 2U * BAR Pp * Barzan A A B * Wellington * PST * Apollo * PST-H * NA K

6 31 * Showcase * Princeton P A PST * A * PST-B * Brilliant * Pick * B * A * A A A IQG * Bodacious * Pp H * Julius * SRX * DLF * Washington * BAR Pp A W501-G SRX 2U CNS A * PST * SRX A A A B * Lily * A * Pick

7 66 * Langara * Moonlight A * A * A A A A A A SRX 2U IQG * A * B * IB * BA * A * Boutique A A A A A AN * PST * A * SRX * Jefferson * A * GO-9LM * B A A A A

8 101 99AN AN * Bedazzled * A * A * Fairfax * SRX * A * A NB A B A PST B A A * A * PST * A * B * SI A * B4-128A Grande Cow Pasture A A A F K A Voyager A * PpH * Coventry * PST * Chateau

9 136 * Chelsea * SRX * A * A * BAR Pp * Northstar A A A A AN A * Baron * Hallmark * PST-B * PST * PST York Harbor * B * B * PST-B * Misty * BH * Ba * A * BAR Pp * Bartitia * Serene A H H SR Merit IQG * Wildwood * Alpine

10 171 * Envicta * Ascot * Marquis * Sonoma * Bordeaux * DLF * 99AN * PST * Rita NB A A A A A A GD A94 MH H A K K SRX 2207B Canon SRX 2U B B A * Eagleton * A * Limousine * BHOO * Raven * CVB * Champagne

11 206 * DLF * H * Barquis A A A A H A Parade SR 2U SRX 2U SRX IB A SCR Preakness * Pp H * PpH * Pp H * PST * PST IBMY * HV * Abbey * A * Allure * A * J * Baronie A94 HM A A A94 HM A A

12 241 A H A K Broadway SR Eclipse * Shamrock * Pick * Quantum Leap * Ba * A * Arcadia * SRX * Blue Knight * A * NuGlade * J * J * Baritone A A94 HM A A A H GD Explorer SR SR Livingston A SCEC AN * Midnight

13 276 * PST * Goldrush * Ba * H * Cabernet * A * Total Eclipse * J * J * J * Everglade * Rugby II * Freedom II A A Indigo Crest Touchdown SRX 2U AN * Pick * Ba * NA K * Unknown * Impact * J * J * Everest * J * J * J * J * Award Cynthia PH

14 311 Pp * Julia * Odyssey * Chicago II * J * Rambo * Liberator A A AN * A A SCR LSD at 5% = = least disease 2 9 = tallest plant height * NTEP entry