2013 OHIO POTATO GERMPLASM EVALUATION REPORT

Transcription

1 Horticulture and Crop Science Series No. 810 December OHIO POTATO GERMPLASM EVALUATION REPORT Matthew D. Kleinhenz, Jennifer B. Moyseenko, Sonia D. Walker and Bruce Williams Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University IN COOPERATION WITH NORTHEAST (NE-1231) REGIONAL PROJECT

2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was funded by a grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and by the OARDC, OSU Extension and the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. Special thanks to Bayer Corporation, Cerexagri, Inc., Dow AgroSciences LLC, Gowan, Gustafson, Shearer s Foods, Inc., and Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. for support. The technical assistance of Bruce Williams, Terry Miller, Josh Heller, Brittany Aukerman, Alyssa Funkhouser, Derek Hoffman, Zack Irons, Julie Lawson, Elias Mgembe, Brayton Orchard, Olivia Ray, and Sonia Walker is gratefully acknowledged. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All programs of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to clientele without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era status.

3 TABLE of CONTENTS Section Page Ohio Potato Germplasm Evaluation Summary Procedures Planting, Stand Establishment, and Cultural Practices... 1 Crop Yield and Quality 1 Chipping Quality Evaluation... 2 Results... 2 Table 1. List of participating breeding programs... 4 Table 2. List of entries evaluated... 5 Table 3. Marketable yield for standard varieties Table 4. Cultural, nutrient, and pest management practices in Table 5. Seasonal and historical climatic data for the study site... 7 Results Table 6. Percent stand, yield, and chip quality for NE Table 7. Tuber characteristics for NE Table 8. Percent stand, yield and chip quality for Observation Studies Table 9. Tuber characteristics for Observation Studies Reference Conversion Table for Specific Gravity Tuber Rating System Internal and External Tuber Pictures (OBT and OBD). 18

4 OHIO POTATO GERMPLASM EVALUATIONS Summary Ohio cooperates with private and public breeders in the U.S. and elsewhere in evaluating varieties and experimental lines of fresh and processing potatoes. A total of sixty-six distinct varieties and experimental lines developed in three breeding programs were evaluated in 2013 (Table 1). Entries were placed into one of four experiments completed at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) in Wooster, OH; Northeast Regional Project 1231 (NE-1231), Triple Observation (OBT), Double Observation (OBD) and Single Observation (OBS). Named varieties were included in one study, and numbered entries in one study. Entries were contributed by breeding programs in Maine (ME), New York (NY), and USDA (in Beltsville, MD). Entries are listed in Table 2 and include a total of fifty-two varieties contributed by ME, two by NY, three by the USDA, and nine varieties included as standards. The studies were established to evaluate the growth and market traits of each entry when grown under non-irrigated conditions in Ohio. The fact that the trials at the OARDC are not irrigated tends to affect the performance of individual entries. Marketable yield of six varieties and seasonal rainfall for at the OARDC are shown in Table 3. Procedures Planting, Stand Establishment and Cultural Practices Seed potatoes were cut on April 29, May 1, and May 2, 2013 and allowed to cure under recommended temperature and humidity conditions. Plots were established on May 8, All entries in the NE-1231 experiment were replicated three times. Entries in the Observation studies were replicated once, twice or three times depending on the study. Percent stand was recorded 5 weeks after planting. Tables 3, 4 and 5 contain plot management, climatic and historical yield data for the study site, located on a well-drained Wooster silt loam. Pest, weed and disease pressure were minimized using procedures and materials consistent with local commercial practice, including weekly pesticide applications. Plants were vine-killed on September 17, Crop Yield and Quality Whole plots in the NE-1231 and Observation trials were harvested on October 1, Tubers were placed in a barn under ambient conditions and covered with a single layer of Agribon + AG-50 Row Cover (1.5 oz/yd ²) to prevent freezing. Tubers were transferred to humidified refrigerated (48-50 F) storage after grading on October 22, On October 22, 2013, tubers were removed for grading. At grading, the total weight of tubers produced by each genotype (across multiple plots, if present) was recorded. The entire harvested weight from all plots of each genotype was retained and graded. The weight of tubers in the A-size (US #1), B-size, and cull categories was recorded. These weights were also expressed as percentages of the weight of the graded potatoes, and percentages were then applied to the total weight of the potatoes harvested for each genotype in order to calculate its marketable yield (cwt/a). 1

5 After grading, tubers were retained for internal and external quality ratings and chipping quality evaluations. Tubers set aside for internal and external quality ratings were placed in refrigerated (42-44 F) storage. Tubers set aside for chipping were retained in humidified refrigerated (48-50 F) storage. Tubers were rated for internal and external quality on November 4, 5, and 13, Ten randomly selected, A-size, marketable tubers collected at grading were scored for tuber shape, color, surface texture, eye depth, general appearance, and the presence or absence of hollow heart, brown center, internal necrosis, and vascular discoloration using accepted protocols. (See Tuber Data Rating System on p.17). Digital images representing internal and external quality of each genotype were recorded. In addition, three healthy tubers per genotype were evaluated for glucose content on November 8, 2013 (3 days after chipping). Tubers were cut in half lengthwise and glucose content rated using Potato Test Strips (Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester, OH 45069). Ratings of three tubers were averaged. Glucose evaluations were repeated for all except red skinned genotypes on December 12, 2013, after 5 weeks in humidified refrigerated (42-44 F) storage. Chipping Quality Evaluation Tubers were held in refrigerated humidified storage (48-50 o F) until November 4, They were removed and held under ambient conditions (approx. 65 o F) until being processed on November 5, Chipping quality evaluation began with measurements of specific gravity. Eight pounds of potatoes were placed in a hydrometer and specific gravity was recorded. A subset of three potatoes was selected and peeled using a Rotato Express electric potato peeler. These potatoes were sliced to an approximate thickness of inches using a DeBuyer Kobra mandolin slicer. Slices were rinsed in cold water and then fried in a Commercial Pro Model CPF32 electric fryer containing cottonseed oil donated by Shearer s Foods, Inc. at C ( F) for approximately 2 minutes and 15 seconds. After frying, a representative sample was visually evaluated for color using color standards in the Potato Chip Color Reference Chart published by the Snack Food Association. Chips that are very light in color are scored 1 and very dark chips are scored 6. The percentage of chips with blister(s) greater than 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter was recorded. Digital images of chips for each genotype were recorded. Results Yield, tuber characteristics, and chipping quality data are presented in Tables 8-9. Total yield and US #1 yield averaged 221 and 167 (cwt/a) across all studies respectively, with a range of (total) and (US #1). Average total yield in the NE-1231 study was 363 cwt/a among varieties and 418 cwt/a among the selections, with a study range of cwt/a. Of the 66 entries evaluated, overall tuber appearance was rated poor-fair (scale rating of 1-3), fair-good (scale rating of 4-6), and good-excellent (scale rating of 7-9) in 0, 23, and 43 entries, respectively. 1. Entries having an overall appearance rating of 7 (good-excellent) at grading. NE-1231: AF , AF , AF , AF , Atlantic, B , BNC 2

6 182-5, Chieftain, Katahdin, Kennebec, NY 148, NY 150, Rochdale Gold-Doree, Yukon Gold. Triple Observation: AF , AF , AF , AF Double Observation: AF , AF , AF5215-2, AF , AF , AF , AF Single Observation: AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF Entries having an external tuber rating of 7 (good-excellent) at grading and marketable yield the study average. a. NE-1231: AF , AF , AF , Atlantic, BNC 182-5, NY 148, NY 150 b. Triple Observation: AF , AF , AF c. Double Observation: AF , AF , AF , AF d. Single Observation: AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF , AF All entries had a chip score of 3 except the following: a. NE-1231: Dark Red Norland, Superior b. Double Observation: AF c. Single Observation: AF , AF

7 Table 1. List of programs participating in the 2013 Ohio Potato Germplasm Evaluations experiment Genotype Triple Double Single 1 Total Number Program Codes NE-1231 Observation Observation Observation 4 1 Univ. Maine AF Cornell Univ. NY 1 1 NYE USDA B 1 1 BNC Various named 9 9 Total Refers to number of single row replicates. All other experiments contained two (Double Observation) or three (NE-1231, Triple Observation) replicates.

8 Table 2. List of varieties and experimental lines planted in the potato germplasm evaluations at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Developmental Center (OARDC) in Wooster, OH in Experiment NE-1231 Triple Observation Double Observation Single Observation 1. Atlantic 19. AF AF AF Chieftain 20. AF AF AF Dark Red Norland 21. AF AF AF Katahdin 22. AF AF AF Kennebec 23. AF AF AF Rochdale Gold-Doree 24. AF AF AF Snowden 25. AF AF AF Superior 33. AF AF Yukon Gold 34. AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF B AF BNC AF BNC AF NY 148 (NYE 106-4) 51. AF NY 150 (NYF 52-1) 52. AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF AF

9 Table 3. Yield (cwt/a) of marketable, A-size tubers of six varieties grown at the OARDC in Wooster, OH Year and Mkt. Yield (cwt/a) row Variety average Atlantic 240 * Dk. Red Norland Katahdin Kennebec Superior Yukon Gold Rainfall (inches, July-Aug) Table 4. Cultural, nutrient, and pest management practices for the potato germplasm evaluations completed at the OARDC in Wooster, OH in Date planted 8-May Date vine-killed 17-Sep Date harvested 1-Oct 2012 main crop Soybean Fertilizer Herbicide Insecticide (400 lb/a), separated dairy solids (A113 lb N/A) Dual-Magnum (2 pt/a), Sencor (1 lb/a) Admire (4 oz/a) Spacing (ft.) within, between row 1 x 3 Plot width, length (ft.) 3 x 30 Soil conditions at planting Moist Irrigation (inches) None Sprays applied 5-Jun Baythroid (2.8 oz/a), Bravo (2 pt/a) 15-Jun Tanos (8 oz/a), Kocide (2 lb/a), Manzate (1.5 lb/a), Baythroid (2.8 oz/a) 20-Jun Baythroid (2.8 oz/a), Bravo (2 pt/a) 12-Jul Tanos (8 oz/a), Kocide (2 lb/a), Manzate (1.5 lb/a), Asana (10 oz/a) 17-Jul Bravo (1.5 pt/a), Altacor (3 oz/a) 25-Jul Quadris (5 oz/a), Altacor (3 oz/a) 2-Aug Tanos (8 oz/a), Kocide (2 lb/a), Manzate PS (2 lb/a), Baythroid (2.8 oz/a) 8-Aug Bravo (2 pt/a), Imidan (4 lb/a) 15-Aug Bravo (2 pt/a) 23-Aug Ridomil Bravo Gold SC (2.5 pt/a) 30-Aug Quadris (6 oz/a) 17-Sep Gramoxone (1 pt/a) 6

10 Table 5. Seasonal and historical climatic data for the potato germplasm evaluations completed at the OARDC in Wooster, OH in May June July August September 7 Avg. High Temp. (2013) (F) Avg. Low Temp. (2013) (F) Avg. Temp. (2013) (F) Normal Avg. Temp. (Historical) (F) Total Precip. (2013) (in.) Normal Avg. Precip. (Historical) (in.) Precip. deficit/surplus (2013) (in.) period cumulative

11 Table 6. Percent stand, yield and chip quality for entries grown in the Ohio NE-1231 Regional Project experiment in Entry Entry Stand Total US # 1 US # 1 B-Size Cull Specific Specific Chip Blister 4 % Glucose % Glucose # Name % cwt/a cwt/a % % % Gravity 1 Gravity 2 Color 3 % at chipping⁵ after chipping⁶ 8 1 Atlantic Chieftain Dark Red Norland < Katahdin Kennebec Rochdale Gold-Doree Snowden Superior < Yukon Gold AF AF AF AF B BNC BNC NY 148 (NYE 106-4) NY 150 (NYF 52-1) Average Specific gravity recorded at chipping. 2 Specific gravity with correction factor based on SFA chart. See reference table on page 16 for starch and dry matter conversions. 3 SFA Standard (1=light, 6 =dark). 4 Percentage of chips that developed blisters greater than 1 cm in diameter during the frying process. ⁵ Approximate % glucose at time of chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH ⁶ Approximate % glucose 5 weeks after chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH

12 Table 7. Tuber Characteristics for entries grown in the Ohio NE-1231 Regional Project experiment in External Internal Entry Entry Skin Skin Tuber Eye Overall Hollow Brown Vsclr % Defected # Name Color Texture Shape Depth Appear. Heart Center Necrosis Dsclrtn Tubers 9 1 Atlantic Chieftain Dark Red Norland Katahdin Kennebec Rochdale Gold-Doree Snowden Superior Yukon Gold AF AF AF AF B BNC BNC NY 148 (NYE 106-4) NY 150 (NYF 52-1) See reference table for rating system on page Number of tubers out of 10 that contain the defect.

13 Table 8. Percent stand, yield and chip quality for entries grown in the Ohio Triple Observation Trial in Entry Entry Stand Total US # 1 US # 1 B-Size Cull Specific Specific Chip Blister 4 Glucose Glucose Study # Name % cwt/a cwt/a % % % Gravity 1 Gravity 2 Color 3 % at chipping⁵ after chipping⁶ 10 OBT 19 AF OBT 20 AF OBT 21 AF OBT 22 AF OBT 23 AF OBT 24 AF OBT 25 AF Average Specific gravity recorded at chipping. 2 Specific gravity with correction factor based on SFA chart. See reference table on page 16 for starch and dry matter conversions. 3 SFA Standard (1=light, 6 =dark). 4 Percentage of chips that developed blisters greater than 1 cm in diameter during the frying process. ⁵ Approximate % glucose at time of chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH ⁶ Approximate % glucose 5 weeks after chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH

14 Table 8 (cont.). Percent stand, yield and chip quality for entries grown in the Ohio Double Observation Trial in Entry Entry Stand Total US # 1 US # 1 B-Size Cull Specific Specific Chip Blister 4 Glucose Glucose Study # Name % cwt/a cwt/a % % % Gravity 1 Gravity 2 Color 3 % at chipping⁵ after chipping⁶ 11 OBD 26 AF < OBD 27 AF OBD 28 AF OBD 29 AF OBD 30 AF OBD 31 AF < OBD 32 AF OBD 33 AF OBD 34 AF Average Specific gravity recorded at chipping. 2 Specific gravity with correction factor based on SFA chart. See reference table on page 16 for starch and dry matter conversions. 3 SFA Standard (1=light, 6 =dark). 4 Percentage of chips that developed blisters greater than 1 cm in diameter during the frying process. ⁵ Approximate % glucose at time of chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH ⁶ Approximate % glucose 5 weeks after chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH

15 Table 8 (cont.). Percent stand, yield and chip quality for entries grown in the Ohio Single Observation Trial in Entry Entry Stand Total US # 1 US # 1 B-Size Cull Specific Specific Chip Blister 4 Glucose Glucose Study # Name % cwt/a cwt/a % % % Gravity 1 Gravity 2 Color 3 % at chipping⁵ after chipping⁶ 12 OBS 35 AF OBS 36 AF OBS 37 AF OBS 38 AF OBS 39 AF OBS 40 AF OBS 41 AF OBS 42 AF OBS 43 AF OBS 44 AF OBS 45 AF OBS 46 AF OBS 47 AF OBS 48 AF OBS 49 AF OBS 50 AF OBS 51 AF OBS 52 AF OBS 53 AF OBS 54 AF OBS 55 AF OBS 56 AF OBS 57 AF OBS 58 AF OBS 59 AF OBS 60 AF < OBS 61 AF OBS 62 AF OBS 63 AF OBS 64 AF OBS 65 AF OBS 66 AF < Average Specific gravity recorded at chipping. 2 Specific gravity with correction factor based on SFA chart. See reference table on page 16 for starch and dry matter conversions. 3 SFA Standard (1=light, 6 =dark). 4 Percentage of chips that developed blisters greater than 1 cm in diameter during the frying process. ⁵ Approximate % glucose at time of chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH ⁶ Approximate % glucose 5 weeks after chipping. Average of 3 tubers using Potato Test Strips from Precision Labs, Inc., 9889 Crescent Park Drive, West Chester OH

16 Table 9. Tuber Characteristics for entries grown in the Ohio Triple Observation Trial in External Internal Entry Entry Skin Skin Tuber Eye Overall Hollow Brown Vsclr % Defected Study # Name Color Texture Shape Depth Appear. Heart Center Necrosis Dsclrtn Tubers 13 OBT 19 AF OBT 20 AF OBT 21 AF OBT 22 AF OBT 23 AF OBT 24 AF OBT 25 AF See reference table for rating system on page Number of tubers out of 10 that contain the defect.

17 Table 9 (cont.). Tuber Characteristics for entries grown in the Ohio Double Observation Trial in External Internal Entry Entry Skin Skin Tuber Eye Overall Hollow Brown Vsclr % Defected Study # Name Color Texture Shape Depth Appear. Heart Center Necrosis Dsclrtn Tubers 14 OBD 26 AF OBD 27 AF OBD 28 AF OBD 29 AF OBD 30 AF OBD 31 AF OBD 32 AF OBD 33 AF OBD 34 AF See reference table for rating system on page Number of tubers out of 10 that contain the defect.

18 Table 9 (cont.). Tuber Characteristics for entries grown in the Ohio Single Observation Trial in External Internal Entry Entry Skin Skin Tuber Eye Overall Hollow Brown Vsclr % Defected Study # Name Color Texture Shape Depth Appear. Heart Center Necrosis Dsclrtn Tubers 15 OBS 35 AF OBS 36 AF OBS 37 AF OBS 38 AF OBS 39 AF OBS 40 AF OBS 41 AF OBS 42 AF OBS 43 AF OBS 44 AF OBS 45 AF OBS 46 AF OBS 47 AF OBS 48 AF OBS 49 AF OBS 50 AF OBS 51 AF OBS 52 AF OBS 53 AF OBS 54 AF OBS 55 AF OBS 56 AF OBS 57 AF OBS 58 AF OBS 59 AF OBS 60 AF OBS 61 AF OBS 62 AF OBS 63 AF OBS 64 AF OBS 65 AF OBS 66 AF See reference table for rating system on page Number of tubers out of 10 that contain the defect.

19 Conversion Table for Specific Gravity of Potato Tubers to Content of Starch and Dry Matter % (Calculated from Von Scheele equations: % starch = (Sp. Gr ); % dry matter = (Sp. Gr ) Specific Gravity Starch % Dry Matter % Specific Gravity Starch % Dry Matter% Factors Affecting the Specific Gravity of the White Potato in Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin 583. May

20 TUBER DATA RATING SYSTEM Tuber Skin Color Skin Texture Tuber Shape 1. Purple 1. Part. russet 1. Round 2. Red 2. Heavy russet 2. Mostly round 3. Pink 3. Mod. russet 3. Round to oblong 4. Dark Brown 4. Light russet 4. Mostly oblong 5. Brown 5. Netted 5. Oblong 6. Tan 6. Slight netting 6. Oblong to long 7. Buff 7. Mod. smooth 7. Mostly long 8. White 8. Smooth 8. Long 9. Cream 9. Very smooth 9. Cylindrical Eye Depth Appearance 1. VD 1. Very poor D 3. Poor Intermediate 5. Fair S 7. Good VS 9. Excellent PLANT RATING SYSTEM Plant Type Air Pollution 1. Decumbent-poor canopy 1. Dead 2. Decumbent-fair canopy Decumbent-good canopy 3. Mod. Defol. 4. Spreading-poor canopy Spreading-fair canopy 5. Mod. Injury 6. Spreading-good canopy Upright-poor canopy 7. Mild Injury 8. Upright-fair canopy No symptoms Plant size Plant Maturity Plant Appearance 1. Very small 1. Very early 1. Very poor Early 2. Poor 3. Small Medium early Medium 5. Medium 5. Fair Medium late Large Late 8. Good 9. Very large 9. Very late 9. Excellent 17

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