Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2013

Transcription

1 Pennsylvania Potato Research Report, 2013 Edited by: Xinshun Qu & Barbara J. Christ Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA January 20, 2014

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Executive Summary... i Progress Report - Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program... 1 Yield and Harvest Data Tables... 3 Management of Evaluation Trials Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of potato late blight... 35

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penn State s Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology potato research program can be categorized into five areas: 1) variety breeding and evaluation, 2) breeding for disease resistance (focused on early and late blight, and common and powdery scab), 3) biology and genetic variability of potato pathogens (focused on early and late blight and powdery scab), 4) chemical control and 5) integrated pest management of potatoes. Many of these projects are long term and only yearly results are presented here. 1. Variety Breeding and Evaluation At the Rock Springs location the trials included 101 round whites with a few yellow flesh, 23 red-skinned (a few purple skinned) and 50 russet or long white types. The Lehigh location had 35 lines and Erie location had 39 lines. Breeding lines were contributed by the USDA-ARS, New York, Maine, Michigan, Idaho and a few other sources. See Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program, 2013 on pages 1-2, and tables from different locations on pages Breeding for Disease Resistance There are several projects focused around a cultivated diploid species hybrid population that can be easily intercrossed with common varieties. These are long term projects dealing with early and late blight resistance as well as powdery scab resistance. Results of these projects will not be presented here but results of small trials evaluating soon to be released lines for their reaction to early blight, late blight and powdery scab are presented. In three separate field trials, 58, 32 and 33 varieties and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for disease resistance to late blight, early blight, and powdery scab, respectively. Kennebec was considered the moderately resistant check and B was the resistant check to late blight. NY150 (NYF52-1), Rochdale Gold-Doree, NY148 (NYE106-4), AF , BNC182-5, Dakota Trailblazer, A , Russet Burbank, A LB, MSS487-2, AF4696-1, B0692-4, AF4573-2, AF4615-5, AF4692-1, and MSS934-4 were considered resistant to moderately resistant. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to late blight in Pennsylvania, 2013 page 32. Seven cultivars/lines were classified as resistant to moderately resistant to early blight, and they are: Dakota Trailblazer, AF , A , Russet Burbank, NY148 (NYE106-4), BNC182-5, and Katahdin. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to early blight in Pennsylvania, 2013 page 33. The powdery scab disease pressure was low thus making it difficult to separate cultivars/lines into groups (resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and i

4 susceptible). Based on our past years data, Shepody should be susceptible, and Russet Burbank should be moderately resistant. Cultivars and breeding lines with less powdery scab than Dark Red Norland indicate some level of resistance. See Field evaluation of potato cultivars and breeding lines for resistance to powdery scab in Pennsylvania, 2013 page Chemical Control of Potato Diseases In the late blight fungicide trial 8 different treatments were compared to an untreated control. All of the treatments significantly suppressed season-long foliar late blight compared to the untreated control. All of the treatments, except for CX alternated with Bravo WS and Bravo WS applied at 14 day intervals, had significantly higher yields than the untreated control. See Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of potato late blight in Pennsylvania, 2013 page 35. ii

5 Progress Report---December 18, 2013 Pennsylvania Regional Potato Germplasm Evaluation Program, 2013 Xinshun Qu, Barbara J. Christ and Michael Peck Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology The Pennsylvania State University The objective of this project is to find new breeding lines that have adaptation to Pennsylvania potato growing regions, and have qualities that are suitable for either processing or tablestock use. We cooperate with the project leaders of several other potato breeding programs from the Northeast US and a few programs from the Midwest US and Canada by evaluating their potato germplasm. Data from this project helps breeders determine which lines to focus on for potential release as new varieties and also allows you to focus on very specific lines that may be released in the near future. Replicated and non-replicated plots were established at the following locations: Lehigh Co. (Tables 1-2), Erie Co. (Tables 3-4) and Rock Springs, Centre Co. (Tables 5-12). The Lehigh location had 35 non-replicated lines. The Erie location had 39 lines non-replicate lines. At the Rock Springs location the trials included 60 round whites with a few yellow flesh, 16 redskinned (a few purple skinned) and 43 russet or long white types in replicated plots, and an additional 41 whites, 7 red-skinned and 7 russet or long white types planted in non-replicated observational plots. At Lehigh Co. and Erie Co. locations, the seed spacing was 8-inch within a 20-ft plot except for the russets that were at 10-inch. At Rock Springs location, the seed spacing was 8-inch within a 10-ft plot except for the russets that were at 10-inch. At the Rock Springs location, a green mustard manure crop Caliente 199 was grown after the wheat harvest. The mustard crop was flail chopped and plowed down to incorporate into the field the previous year. Commercial trials of four varieties (AF3001-6, Challenger, Nicolet, and AF ) were conducted at three locations: Erie Co., Schuylkill Co. and Rock Springs, Centre Co (Table 13-14). All other pertinent information for individual trials is found within the data tables or in Table 15. We assessed yield, tuber size, internal defects and external defects, skin color, texture, tuber shape, specific gravity and overall appearance. Chip quality tests and culinary tests will be conducted over the next few months. Management information for each site is provided in Table 15. To interpret this data, one needs to know the yields for the check cultivars such as Atlantic, Snowden, Katahdin, Chieftain, Dark Red Norland, Russet Norkotah or Superior on your farm. Then compare the typical yield for this year on your farm to the data presented here. The yields tend to be inflated from these small plots but the ranking of the yields over the cultivars/lines usually is fairly consistent. Also the same method can be used to compare specific gravity and some of the other parameters. There are a few lines that will be very specific to certain environments so make the comparison to the location that best matches your own or use the Rock Springs location as a fairly typical area for most of PA. 1

6 Results: In the Lehigh location the following lines also had marketable yield higher than Atlantic: AF , MSS576-05SPL, and Soraya. In Erie Co. the following also had marketable yield higher than Atlantic: Snowden, Reba, Katahdin, Superior, Chieftain, Dark Red Chieftain, Carolina, HZC , W , Taurus, AF , B2728-2, A Y, Francisca, Sifra, Parella, Envol, Nadine, Lanorma, AF3001-6, Jelly, and A Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, there were 9 round white clones with marketable yields significantly greater than Atlantic: BNC182-5, NY148 (E106-4), AF4442-4, AF4614-2, CO W/Y, W , A RY, Vivaldi, and Sifra. There were another 20 round white clones with marketable yields greater than Atlantic: Snowden, AF4013-3, AF4138-8, B , AF4376-3, AF4227-2, AF4430-1, B2728-2, B2738-3, B2833-8, MSQ086-3, MSS576-05SPL, Spartan Splash, MI Purple Sport I, CO W, ATC W/Y, W5955-1, Parella, HZC , and Francisca. Round White Chip-stock: Based on data from replicated trials at Rock Springs, the following lines had higher yields than Atlantic and have specific gravities suitable for chipstock: Snowden, AF4013-3, B , BNC182-5, NY148 (E106-4), AF4227-2, AF4442-4, AF4614-2, AF4640-1, B2728-2, B2833-8, MSS576-05SPL, CO W, CO W/Y, W5955-1, and W Red-skinned: Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, there were 6 red-skinned or purple-skinned clones with marketable yields significantly greater than Chieftain: B2676-2, BNC244-10, BNC201-1, A PY, A Y, and Carolina. There were another 3 red-skinned or purple-skinned clones with marketable yields greater than Chieftain: AF4550-2, AF4566-4, and HZC Russet-skinned or long white: Based on data of replicated trials at Rock Springs, there were 9 russet-skinned clones with marketable yields significantly greater than Russet Burbank: Dakota Trailblazer, AF3001-6, AF3362-1, AF4702-2, AC RU, A VR, Challenger, Jelly, and Fontane. There were another 20 russet-skinned clones with marketable yields greater than Russet Burbank: AF4040-2, AF4124-4, AF4124-7, AF , AF4347-1, AF4283-1, AF4296-3, AF4532-8, AF4453-7, AF4692-1, AF4950-2, CO RU, AC RU, A , A , A NV, A CR, A , A , and A T. The Pennsylvania Potato Research Program and a USDA grant funded this research in conjunction with donations. This research is the result of cooperation of growers, industry and PSU staff. The growers hosting the plots provided contributions (land, fertilizer, pesticides, time, etc.). Cornell University, USDA, University of Maine, Idaho, Colorado State University, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University breeding programs and Real Potatoes, HZPC provided seed. Special thanks to Chad Moore, Bob Leiby, Andy Muza and Sara May who made sure this project was completed. 2

7 Table 1. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, percent of standard, size distribution, percent pick outs and specific gravity for potato evaluation trial in Lehigh County, Tim Geiger Farm, 2013 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class 3 Specific Total >1 7/8" US#1 Standard 2 %PO Gravity Atlantic Snowden Reba Katahdin Superior Yukon Gold Chieftain BNC Carolina Dark Red Chieftain AF BNC Nicolet AF W Taurus AF AF MSS576-05SPL CO W/Y Francisca Sifra Vilaldi Russet Norkotah Dakota Trialblazer AF Challenger Fontane

8 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % % by size class 3 Total >1 7/8" US#1 of Standard Jelly Alegria Teton Russet Soraya Envol Lanorma Nadine Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Atlantic, for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. %PO 4 Specific Gravity 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Non-replicated trial. Russets and long whites were planted 10-in. apart with 24 seed pieces per 20-ft plot, all other varieties were spaced 8-in. apart with 30 seed pieces per 20-ft plot. 4

9 Table 2. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for potato evaluation trial in Lehigh County, Tim Geiger Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts Atlantic Snowden Reba Katahdin Green Superior Misshape Yukon Gold Chieftain BNC Green Carolina Misshape, knobs Dark Red Chieftain AF BNC Misshape Nicolet Green AF W Misshape Taurus Growth Cracks AF AF Misshape MSS576-05SPL Growth Cracks CO W/Y Misshape Francisca Misshape Sifra Misshape, growth cracks Vilaldi Russet Norkotah Dakota Trialblazer Growth cracks AF Knobs Challenger Green Fontane

10 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts Jelly Growth cracks, green Alegria Knobs Teton Russet Growth cracks Soraya Knobs, green Envol Lanorma Growth cracks Nadine Green 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 8 tubers. 0 = not observed. 6

11 Table 3. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, percent of standard, size distribution, percent pickouts and specific gravity for potato evaluation trial in Erie County, Mark Troyer Farm, Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class Specific %PO 4 Total >1 7/8" US#1 Standard Gravity Atlantic Snowden Reba Katahdin Superior Yukon Gold Chieftain Dark Red Chieftain Carolina Smiley CO0405-1RF HZC Nicolet AF W W Taurus Opera AF AF B A Y Francisca Sifra Parella Vilaldi Envol Nadine Lanorma Russet Norkotah Dakota Trialblazer

12 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % % by size class 3 Total >1 7/8" US#1 of Standard 2 %PO AF AF Challenger Fontane Jelly Alegria Teton Russet A Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Atlantic, for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. Specific Gravity 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Non-replicated trial. Russets and long whites planted 10-in. apart with 24 seed pieces per 20-ft plot, all other varieties were spaced 8-in. apart with 30 seed pieces per 20-ft plot. 8

13 Table 4. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for potato evaluation trial in Erie County, Mark Troyer Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts Atlantic Green Snowden Green Reba Green Katahdin Green Superior Green Yukon Gold Green Chieftain Growth cracks, green Dark Red Chieftain Growth cracks, green Carolina Misshape, green Smiley 4 * Green CO0405-1RF Misshape, green HZC Green, misshape Nicolet Green AF Green, growth cracks W Green W Green, Scab Taurus Green, growth cracks Opera Green, scab AF Green, scab AF Green, misshape B Green A Y Green, growth cracks Francisca Green Sifra Green, growth cracks Parella Green, growth cracks Vilaldi Green, misshape Envol Green Nadine Green, knobs Lanorma Green, scab Russet Norkotah Green, misshape Dakota Trialblazer Green, knobs 9

14 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 Reasons for Pickouts TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB AF Green, knobs AF Green, knobs Challenger Green, growth cracks Fontane Green Jelly Green, knobs Alegria Knobs, green Teton Russet Growth cracks, green A Knobs, green 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. * = pink with white around eyes. TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very smooth. Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 8 tubers. 0 = not observed. 10

15 Table 5. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, percent of standard, size distribution, percent pickouts, and specific gravity for round white potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of Total >1 7/8" US# Standard 2 % by size class 3 %PO 4 Specific Gravity Atlantic ML Katahdin ML Kennebec ML Rochdale Gold-Doree ML Snowden ML Superior ME Yukon Gold M AF L AF ML AF M AF M AF M B ML BNC L NY148 (E106-4) L NY150 (F52-1) E AF ML AF ML AF ML AF ML AF ML AF ML AF VL AF ML B ML B ML B ME B E MSL M MSL292-A ME Vine Maturity 11

16 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of Standard 2 %PO 4 Gravity % by size class 3 Specific Total >1 7/8" US# MSL007-B L MSR ML MSQ ML MSS576-05SPL ML Spartan Splash ME MI Purple Sport I M CO W ML CO W M CO W ML CO W/Y ML AC W ML ATC W/Y L Nicolet ML W ML W M W L Accumulator ML A RY L Opera ML Parella M Vivaldi M Taurus ME Sifra L HZC M Soraya ML Francisca M Nadine M Lanorma L Reba ME Envol E AF4463-7* M AF * ML Vine Maturity 12

17 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class Standard 2 Total >1 7/8" US# AF4838-1* ML AF4914-4* ML AF * ME AF5040-4* ML AF5042-8* ML AF5068-3* M AF5138-2* M AF5140-1* ME AF5142-1* ML AF5144-7* M AF5243-2* ME AF5150-1* ME B * M B2876-7* M B * E BNC266-6* ML B2930-5* ME BNC326-14* E Challenger* L B2993-1* ME B2993-2* M B2994-1* ML B2996-2* M B2999-1* ML B2999-6* M B3000-1* ML B3000-2* L B3002-1* L B3002-3* L B3005-6* ML B3005-7* E 3 Specific %PO 4 Gravity Vine Maturity 13

18 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class Standard 2 Total >1 7/8" US# B3005-9* ME B3010-2* E B3012-3* E B3021-1* ML B3042-1* E BNC363-6* L BNC364-1* ME BNC369-4* ML LSD Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Atlantic, for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Planted 8-in. apart with 15 seed pieces per 10-ft plot. Replicated trials are the average of 3 replicates except for those lines with * which were non-replicated. LSD indicates least significant difference (P = 0.05), calculated for replicated varieties. 3 %PO 4 Specific Gravity Vine Maturity 14

19 Table 6. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for round white potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 3 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts 3 Atlantic Green, growth cracks Katahdin Green Kennebec Growth cracks, green, knobs Rochdale Gold-Doree Green Snowden Green Superior Green Yukon Gold Green, growth cracks AF Green, growth cracks AF Green AF Green AF Growth cracks, green AF Misshape, green, knobs B Green, growth cracks BNC Green, misshape NY148 (E106-4) Green NY150 (F52-1) Green AF Green AF Green, growth cracks AF Green AF Green AF Green AF Green AF Green AF Green B Green B Green, misshape B Green B Green MSL Green MSL292-A Green 15

20 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts MSL007-B Green MSR Green, scab MSQ Green MSS576-05SPL 5 * Green, misshape Spartan Splash 4 ** Green MI Purple Sport I 4 *** Green CO W Green CO W Green, growth cracks CO W Growth cracks, green CO W/Y Green, misshape AC W Green, growth cracks ATC W/Y Green, growth cracks Nicolet Green W Green, knobs W Growth cracks, green W Green, growth cracks Accumulator Knobs, green A RY Green Opera Green, growth cracks, misshape Parella Green, growth cracks, misshape Vivaldi Green, knobs Taurus Green, growth cracks, knobs Sifra Green, growth cracks HZC Green, growth cracks, misshape Soraya Knobs, misshape Francisca Green, growth cracks, misshape Nadine Green, growth cracks, knobs Lanorma Green, knobs Reba Green Envol Pink eye, green AF4463-7* Growth cracks AF * Growth cracks 16

21 for Pickouts Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons AF4838-1* Growth cracks, green AF4914-4* Green AF * Green AF5040-4* Growth cracks, green AF5042-8* Growth cracks AF5068-3* Growth cracks AF5138-2* Green, growth cracks AF5140-1* Green AF5142-1* Green AF5144-7* Green AF5243-2* Growth cracks AF5150-1* Green, misshape B * Growth cracks B2876-7* Growth cracks, green B * Green BNC266-6* Green B2930-5* Green BNC326-14* Growth cracks Challenger* Growth cracks B2993-1* Green B2993-2* Green, growth cracks B2994-1* Green B2996-2* Green, growth cracks B2999-1* Green B2999-6* Green B3000-1* Green B3000-2* Green B3002-1* Growth cracks, knobs B3002-3* Green, growth cracks B3005-6* Green, growth cracks B3005-7* Green 17

22 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 Reasons for Pickouts TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB B3005-9* Green B3010-2* Misshape, green B3012-3* Green B3021-1* Green B3042-1* Growth cracks, knobs BNC363-6* Green BNC364-1* Green BNC369-4* Green 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. * = tan with red splotches, ** = tan with purple splotches, *** = have pruple streaks TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very smooth. Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 12 tubers for replicated trials and total number out of 4 for non replicated trials (marked with *). 0 = not observed. 3 Most of the green was cause by the dry soil conditions after vine kill. The soil had large cracks in it that let the tubers get green from the sun. Most of the growth cracks and misshapes came from the dry conditions and uneven rain fall this year. 18

23 Table 7. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, percent of standard, size distribution, percent pickouts, and specific gravity for red or purple skinned potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of Total >1 7/8" US# Chieftain ML Dark Red Norland E B E BNC ME AF E AF E AF E BNC ML MSR226-ARR M CO RF E A PY M A Y L HZC ML Smiley ML Carolina M DarK Red Chieftain ML AF4593-1* E AF5160-7* ML AF5245-1* M B2863-7* ME BNC306-3* M BNC320-2* E BNC322-2* ML LSD Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Chieftain, for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Replicated trials are the average of 3 replicates except for those lines with * which were non-replicated. LSD indicates least significant difference (P = 0.05), calculated for replicated varieties. Plots consisted of 10-ft rows with 15 seed pieces spaced 8-in. apart. Standard 2 Gravity % by size class 3 %PO 4 Specific Vine Maturity 19

24 Table 8. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for red skinned potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 Reasons for Pickouts 3 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Chieftain Growth cracks,green Dark Red Norland Growth cracks, knobs B Green BNC Misshape AF Growth cracks AF Growth cracks, misshape, green AF Growth cracks, knobs, misshape BNC Green, misshape MSR226-ARR Green, growth cracks CO RF Misshape A PY Growth cracks, misshape A Y Green HZC Misshape, green Smiley Green, growth cracks Carolina Misshape, green DarK Red Chieftain Misshape, growth cracks AF4593-1* Growth cracks AF5160-7* Knobs AF5245-1* B2863-7* Misshape BNC306-3* Growth cracks BNC320-2* BNC322-2* Growth cracks 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very smooth. Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 12 tubers for replicated trials and total number out of 4 for non replicated trials (marked with *). 0 = not observed. 3 Most of the green was cause by the dry soil conditions after vine kill. The soil had large cracks in it that let the tubers get green from the sun. Most of the growth cracks and misshapes came from the dry conditions and uneven rain fall this year. 20

25 Table 9. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, percent of standard, size distribution, percent pickouts, and specific gravity for russet skinned or long white potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class 3 Specific Standard 2 %PO 4 Gravity Total >1 7/8" US# Dakota Trailblazer ML Russet Burbank M Teton Russet E A ML AF ML AF L AF M AF E AF ME AF ML AF ME AF ML AF M AF ML AF ML AF M AF ME AF E AF L AF L AF ML AF ME AF ML AF ML AF ME AC RU ML CO RU ML Vine Maturity 21

26 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class Standard 2 Total >1 7/8" US# AC RU ML A ML A ME A TE E A NV M A M A CR ME A VR ME A LB ML A TE M A ME A ME A T ML Challenger L Jelly ML Fontane ML AF4957-5* E AF5050-5* M AF5072-1* M AF * ML AF5205-1* L AF5312-1* E Alegria* ME LSD Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Russet Burbank for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class: 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Replicated trials are the average of 3 replicates except for those lines with * which were non-replicated. LSD indicates least significant difference (P = 0.05), calculated for replicated varieties. Plots consisted of 10-ft rows with 12 seed pieces spaced 10-in. apart. 3 %PO 4 Specific Gravity Vine Maturity 22

27 Table 10. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for russet skinned or long white potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 3 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Reasons for Pickouts 3 Dakota Trailblazer Growth cracks, misshape Russet Burbank Knobs, growth cracks, misshape Teton Russet Growth cracks A Knobs, misshape AF Growth cracks, knobs, green AF Green, misshape AF Misshape, green, growth cracks AF Misshape, green, knobs, growth cracks AF Misshape, knobs, growth cracks AF Misshape, green AF Misshape AF Misshape, growth cracks AF Misshape, green, knobs AF Knobs, green, misshape AF Knobs, green AF Growth cracks, misshape, green AF Growth cracks, green, misshape, knobs AF Misshape, green AF Misshape, green AF Misshape, knobs, green AF Green, growth cracks, knobs AF Green, misshape, knobs AF Misshape, green AF Knobs, green AF Growth cracks, green AC RU Misshape, green CO RU Misshape, green, growth cracks 23

28 Reasons for Pickouts TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 AC RU Growth cracks, misshape A Knobs A Growth cracks, misshape A TE Growth cracks, misshape A NV Misshape, green A Misshape, knobs, green A CR Knobs, green A VR Green, knobs, misshape A LB Misshape A TE Growth cracks, green A Misshape, green A Misshape, green A T Growth cracks, misshape Challenger Green, Misshape, growth cracks Jelly Green, misshape Fontane Knobs, misshape, green AF4957-5* Growth cracks AF5050-5* Green, growth cracks AF5072-1* Growth cracks, knobs AF * Green AF5205-1* Misshape AF5312-1* Knobs, misshape Alegria* Knobs, green 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very smooth. Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 12 tubers for replicated trials and total number out of 4 for non replicated trials (marked with *). 0 = not observed. 3 Most of the green was cause by the dry soil conditions after vine kill. The soil had large cracks in it that let the tubers get green from the sun. Most of the growth cracks and misshapes came from the dry conditions and uneven rain fall this year. 24

29 Table 11. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" percent of standard, size distribution, percent pickouts, and specific gravity for NE1231 potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class 3 %PO 4 Specific Gravity Total >1 7/8" US#1 Standard Atlantic ML Chieftain ML Dakota Trailblazer ML Dark Red Norland E Katahdin ML Kennebec ML Rochdale Gold-Doree ML Russet Burbank M Snowden ML Superior ME Teton Russet E Yukon Gold M A ML AF L AF ML AF L AF M AF ML AF E AF ME AF ML AF M AF M AF M AF ME AF ML Vine Maturity 25

30 Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % of % by size class 3 Total >1 7/8" US#1 Standard B E B ML BNC L BNC ME NY148 (E106-4) L NY150 (F52-1) E LSD Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of the standard, Atlantic, for >1 7/8" yield. 3 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. 4 Percentage of total that are pickouts. Replicated trials are the average of 4 replicates. LSD indicates least significant difference ( P= 0.05 ). %PO 4 Specific Gravity Russets were planted 10-in. apart with 12 seed pieces per 10-ft plot, all other varieties were spaced 8-in. apart with 15 seed pieces per 10-ft plot. Vine Maturity 26

31 Table 12. Tuber characteristics, internal and external defects for NE1231 potato evaluation trial in Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm, 2013 Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 Reasons for Pickouts 3 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB Atlantic Green, growth cracks Chieftain Growth cracks, green Dakota Trailblazer Growth cracks, misshape Dark Red Norland Growth cracks, knobs Katahdin Green Kennebec Growth cracks, green, knobs Rochdale Gold-Doree Green Russet Burbank Knobs, growth cracks, misshape Snowden Green Superior Green Teton Russet Growth cracks Yukon Gold Green, growth cracks A Knobs, misshape AF Green, growth cracks AF Growth cracks, knobs, green AF Green, misshape AF Misshape, green, growth cracks AF Green AF Misshape, green, knobs, growth cracks AF Misshape, knobs, growth cracks AF Misshape, green AF Green AF Growth cracks, green AF Misshape, green, knobs AF Misshape AF Misshape, growth cracks 27

32 Reasons for Pickouts Tuber Characteristics 1 Internal Defects 2 TA C TX Sh TED TCS HH IB B Green B Green, growth cracks BNC Green, misshape BNC Misshape NY148 (E106-4) Green NY150 (F52-1) Green 1 Tuber Characteristics: TA = tuber appearance: 1 = very poor, 5= fair, 9 = excellent. C = skin color: 1 = purple, 2 = red, 3 = pink, 4 = dark brown, 5 = brown, 6 = tan, 7 = buff, 8 = white, 9 = cream. TX = skin texture: 1 = partial russet, 2 = heavy russet, 3 = mod. russet, 4 = light russet, 5 = netted, 6 = slight net, 7 = mod. smooth, 8 = smooth, 9 = very smooth. Sh = tuber shape: 1 = round, 2 = mostly round, 3 = round-oblong, 4 = mostly oblong, 5 = oblong, 6 = oblong-long, 7 = mostly long, 8 = long, 9 = cylindrical. TED = tuber eye depth: 1 = very deep, 5 = medium, 9 = very shallow. TCS = tuber cross section: 1 = very flat, 5 = intermediate, 9 = very round. 2 Internal Defects: HH = hollow heart, IB = internal browning. Total number observed out of 16 tubers. 0 = not observed. 3 Most of the green was cause by the dry soil conditions after vine kill. The soil had large cracks in it that let the tubers get green from the sun. Most of the growth cracks and misshapes came from the dry conditions and uneven rain fall this year. 28

33 Table 13. Total yield, greater than 1 7/8" yield, size distribution, percent pick outs and specific gravity for potato commercial trials of four varieties in 2013 in: A) Erie County, Kevin Troyer Farm; B) Schuylkill County, Nolan Masser Farm; C) Rock Springs, Plant Pathology Farm. About 200 lbs of each variety were planted in each location. Location Yield (cwt/a) 1 % % by size class 2 %PO 3 Specific Total >1 7/8" US# Gravity Kevin Troyer Farm AF Challenger Nicolet AF Dark Red Chieftain Nolan Masser Farm AF Challenger Nicolet AF Rock Springs AF Challenger Nicolet AF Yield Total = all yield including pickouts. Yield >1 7/8" = categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 excluding pickouts. 2 Percentage of total yield according to size class. 2= in., 3= in., 4= in., 5=>4.0 in. 3 Percentage of total that are pickouts. 29