The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group interviews from the EU-project INTERACTION

Transcription

1 The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group interviews from the EU-project INTERACTION Clemens Kaufmann & Ralf Risser 24/10/2011 The project INTERACTION Driver INTERACTION with in-vehicle technologies EU 7th framework programme 2008 to 2012

2 Partners ERT - Europe Recherche Transport (F) IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'aménagement et des Réseaux (F) ADI/CIGEST - Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação / Centro de Investigação em Gestão (P) CDV - Centrum Dopravniho Vyzkumu v.v.i. (CZ) CTAG - Fundación para de Galicia (Spain) FACTUM - FACTUM Chaloupka & Risser (A) INTEMPORA - INTEMPORA SA (F) SWOV - Institute for Road Safety Research (L) TRL Transport Research Laboratory (UK) VTT - Technical Research Centre of Finland (SF) Objectives better understanding of driver interactions with In-Vehicle Technologies focus on mature technologies already on the market and adopted by European drivers Cruise Control (CC) Speed Limiter (SL) Mobile Phone (MP) Navigation System (NAvSat) identify patterns of use of systems by European drivers in everyday life analyse effects on driver s behaviour and skills in normal and emergency situations highlight individual & cross-country differences

3 RR1 Methods Registered behaviour Focus Group Interviews - Method Qualitative method Group discussion with six to ten participants Participants can respond to comments of others

4 RR1 links oben "qualitative" unten rechst "registered" Ralf Risser;

5 Between Focus Group Interviews - INTERACTION FGI in five European countries (A, SF, F, P, ES) Up to three hours each FGI two systems Photo presentation and description of the system Discussion lead by a moderator who followed a discussion guide Questionnaires (demographic characteristics, driving experience, travel patterns, general use of systems) Main objective: to collect information how drivers interact with the systems: why, where, when and how. critical and unexpected situations C1 Each partner: six FGI Focus Groups Sessions Young drivers: Up to 24 years-old Between 1 and 5 years of driving licence A minimum of Km driven last 12 months Have the system at least for one year Standard drivers: Between 35 and 55 years-old More than 10 years of driving licence to Km driven last 12 months Have the system at least for one year Experienced drivers: Between 35 and 55 years-old More than 10 years of driving licence A minimum of Km driven last 12 months Have the system at least for one year Cruise Control (CC) Speed Limiter (SL) Users & non-users Users & non-users Users & non-users Navigation System (NS) Mobile Phone (MP) Users & non-users Users & non-users Users & non-users

6 C1 müssen gemischte Gruppen gewesen sein (Verwender und Nicht-V), sonst wären das ja 12 FGs per Land, oder? Waren gemischte gruppen. Wir hatten Personen in den gruppen die das system haben und verwenden und personen die das system zwar haben aber selten oder gar nicht verwenden Clemens;

7 Sample FGI Experienced Standard Young Total N CC and SL Sessions Mean age 45,07 40,63 22,76 34,50 SD age 8,08 5,81 3,48 11,41 M F N NavSat and MP Sessions Mean age 43,27 39,95 23,36 34,57 SD age 7,76 6,04 2,82 10,63 M F Main results FGI CC Main situations Other situations use of CC highways when the traffic is light on straight roads in rural areas in urban areas feeling tired to have a relaxed driving the driver has the disposition to activate it radars/speed controls can be expected none use in heavy traffic conditions in urban areas road with curves or hilly roads bad weather conditions at night in tunnels in freeways, when overtaking trucks in unfamiliar roads when road conditions required the driver to be more attentive than usual advantages physical and mental comfort a safety factor the ease of use helps to reduce fuel allows the performance of other tasks to avoid speeding penalties improve the traffic flow disadvantages loss of attention drowsiness not being usable at all times dangerous in some situations (sharp bends, when raining, while overtaking, while driving in urban areas) loss of control and loss of pleasure feeling

8 Main situations Other situations use in urban areas areas with speed controls highways rural areas heavy traffic conditions unfamiliar areas familiar roads. short sections of the road with Main results FGI SL none use do not like this system not feel the need to use it not knowing how to use it even the possibility to use it not considering advantages mental comfort reduce the risk of having a speed fine allow for being more focused on the road help avoiding driving too fast due to distraction useful when driving new car models (speed might not be felt legal limits exceeded easily) when other drivers are at the wheel (e.g. driver s son or daughter / junior driver) when raining at night disadvantages emergency deactivation SL had no advantages and frustrating be annoying not useful if the legal limits change in short sections of the road not efficient going down a hilly road take away the responsibility of the drivers. higher effort demanded by the system loss of control and loss of safety feeling Main situations Other situations use to find unknown locations/unfamiliar places during holidays and stays abroad continuous companion to get to know names of places mostly in cities for longer distances in rushing situations when driving for working purposes just at weekends Main results FGI NavSat when routes/areas are known for daily journeys none use information on the system not updated when the system is sending confusing/incoherent information in cities (higher complexity of the road environment more focus on driving) when there is no time pressure advantages finding important points the guidance support given the comfort and save time money and the environment. to have a better route planning information on radar positioning, speed limit, current speed disadvantages sometimes contradictory, not clear and wrong information source of distraction can induce to guidance dependency updates are expensive and require additional effort and time system loses the satellite connection

9 Main situations Other situations use in longer trips in rural roads while the car is stopped at the highway when the driving is more monotonous only for short calls for important/business calls emergency situations when the police is not around in low traffic conditions when the driver feels bored in familiar roads Main results FGI MP none use when focusing on driving when it s possible to do it later call arrives shortly before the end of the trip call related to business, an emotional matter or it is foreseen to be difficult and long when the police is near driving in cities and in high traffic density in unfamiliar areas or searching for the way when hands-free is not connected in hurry moments in mountain areas while rain in tunnels wishing to have a quiet and relaxing trip advantages helpful when being lost or late useful in emergency situations for important calls utilize time efficiently - combine work with driving to stay awake or even to relax to be always available disadvantages distraction induces difficulties in the driving task (braking in time, controlling speed/ lateral position) loose mobile phone inside the car feeling pressured to answer the calls while driving Discussion CC and SL Use of systems according to the situational context Road design and the traffic conditions CC is frequently used on highways SL is used more frequently in urban areas and roads with speed controls Regarding the speed setting higher speeds are used with CC SL were presented as closer and more related with the legal limit CC is more linked with comfort and SL with the speed control Changes in driving behaviour CC: Feeling more relaxed, different position of feet and legs SL do not induce changes Disadvantages CC: monotonous driving and feeling that the set speed may not be adequate to all the situations SL: need to exceed the set speed in an emergency situation.

10 Discussion NavSat Main use: travelling to unfamiliar places for getting assistance in guidance finding alternative ways in familiar paths Not using the system depends: on the context e.g. when travelling in familiar areas accuracy of the information: when the information becomes confusing or is not updated drivers Enter a destination: before and/or while driving Visual and voice outputs are important Important information: Indications of time and kilometres needed to reach the destination distance to the next manoeuvre indication of the current speed limit used during a trip Discussion MP Use is not uniquely dependent on the situational context Even if the participants feel that according to the situation they have to be more attentive and concentrated (in unfamiliar roads, in cities when the traffic is dense) decision of taking a call or not is first based on who is calling avoid using MP when the police is around (either drivers do not know the law in detail or do not use frequently a hands-free system) presence of passengers influence the use of MP

11 Final discussion Different systems are used in distinct ways among users Use of the systems may not be exclusively dependent on safety issues but also on comfort, personal motives, and efficiency Systems which restrain the actions of the driver or represent a loss of control seen as disadvantage and dangerous in particular situations Drivers know the basic functions of a system but may not know all the possibilities of its use Interaction/activation of the systems may influence the driving task negatively but participants use it even when the safety conditions are not totally assured Next steps Results were used to design further experimentation Standardised questionnaire Naturalistic behaviour observations In-depth driving behaviour observations

12 Next possibility park right and ask a pedestrian for the way! THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION