How to enable Munich s Freedom (from private cars)? Impacts of the first Mobility Station on urban mobility

Transcription

1 How to enable Munich s Freedom (from private cars)? Impacts of the first Mobility Station on urban mobility Montserrat Miramontes 1 Hema Sharanya Rayaprolu 1 Maximilian Pfertner 1 Martin Schreiner 2 Gebhard Wulfhorst 1 1: Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Structure and Transport Planning 2: City of Munich ITRL Conference on Integrated Transport 2016 Connected & Automated Transport Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, November 28, 2016

2 Outline 1. Mobility Stations - Why now? 2. The Mobility Station at Münchner Freiheit 3. Evaluation approach 4. First results and preliminary conclusions 3

3 Mobility Stations - Why now? + Sharing Economy + Increasing mobility costs + Limited space in urban areas + More flexible legal framework + Multimodality Mobility Station Strong innovative partners + Advanced ICT + Vehicle technology + Business strategies Slide: Schreiner, Martin 2014

4 Mobility Stations in Germany Würzburg - mobil Hamburg - switchh Leipzig - mobil Offenburg einfach mobil

5 The Mobility Station at Münchner Freiheit Image source: MVG: 6

6 The Mobility Station at Münchner Freiheit (Munich) Private bike parking facilites (behind) Public Transport station Münchner Freiheit 2 Metro lines 1 Tram line 4 Bus lines Taxi stand (behind) 1 reserved place for SBCS 2 reserved places for electric FFCS EV charging station 3 reserved places for FFCS On-site information screen Bikesharing station with 20 docks Image source: Adapted from MVG:

7 On-site information screen MVG More app 8

8 9

9 Initial response 900 Number of trips starting and ending at the Mobility Station MVG Rad FFCS 10

10 Main stakeholders Department of Public Order Initiator Munich City Utilities Provides charging insfrastructure Public transport operator Constructs and operates the Mobility Station. Provides public transport and bikesharing (MVG Rad) Carsharing providers Ensure that vehicles are regularly available at the station and inform their clients about the service at the Mobility Station. 11

11 Questions 1. Who are the users / non-users? Demographic characteristics of the users / non-users groups 2. Are they (consciously) aware of the multimodal service? If yes, how did they become aware of the offer? 3. Why non-users do not use the sharing mobility services? Barriers for acceptance and usage? 4. How do users use existing and new sharing mobility services? mobility behaviour, travel preferences 5. Which experiences do users have when using the Mobility Station? operational problems and suggestions for improvement 6. What are the (potential) effects of the Mobility Station on mobility behavior and travel preferences? a) Short term: daily mobility decisions (destination, purpose, frequency, mode choice) b) Long term: car ownership, membership of mobility services 7. Are more Mobility Stations needed / wanted in Munich? If yes, where?, with which features? 14

12 Evaluation approach Stakeholder interviews (8) Analysis of Back-end data Non-user s surveys (400) Users s surveys (400) Quantitative methods Focus groups (2x10) Qualitative methods Parking surveys Accessibility anaylsis (GIS) 15

13 User survey: main aspects to be investigated: 1. Awareness and perception how did users become aware of the Mobility Station, what do they think about this idea? 2. Mobility patterns and degree of multimodal mobility How often do users use the mobility services at the Mobility Station 3. Operation Which experiences users have with the services at the Mobility Station? 4. Interactions with the immediate surroundings

14 Survey response Completed questionnaires MVG Rad DriveNow STATTAUTO car2go

15 Distribution of the sample by provider of mobility services Distribution of respondants n= ; 25% 21; 3% 420; 69% 17; 3% Image sources:stattauto-muenchen.de, de.drive-now.com, car2go.com, mvg.de/rad

16 User profile FFCS = user of Freefloating Carsharing (DriveNow und car2go) BS = user of Bikesharing (MVG Rad) FFCS users, n = 174 BS users, n = 420 Gender Female 17 Female 25 Male Male Age group Graduates 62% 64% Avg. Household size Avg. number of household vehicles

17 User profile FFCS users, n = 174 BS users, n = 420 Car availability always sometimes never 33% 31% 36% always sometimes never 32% 30% 38% Access to at least one bike Public transport subscription 90% 89% 60% 71% STATTAUTO 3 STATTAUTO 2 Use of shared mobility services Call a Bike car2go Call a Bike car2go DriveNow 96 DriveNow 46 MVG Rad 19 MVG Rad 100 FFCS = user of Freefloating Carsharing (DriveNow und car2go) BS = user of Bikesharing (MVG Rad)

18 Results AWARENESS AND ACCEPTANCE

19 Are you aware that the Mobility Station at Münchner Freiheit offers bundled and easy to combine alternatives to private car? Awareness about the multimodal services at the Mobility Station (n=611) 60% 40% Yes No, I was not aware

20 Means of awareness How did you find out about the Mobility Station at Münchner Freiheit? (n=366) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% By chance, while walking past Through smartphone / internet Through advertisements from the city of Munich / Carsharing providers / SWM / MVG Through the on-site information screen Through friends / acquaintances Through other means (Multiple answers possible) Through newspaper articles / radio

21 Results USE OF MOBILITY SERVICES

22 How often do you use these services at the Mobility Station? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% FFCS users (n=174) No response Unaware of the service Never Seldom Once a month Once a week Many times a week

23 How often do you use these services at the Mobility Station? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% BS users (n=420) No response Unaware of the service Never Seldom Once a month Once a week Many times a week

24 Why did you rent a vehicle specifically at the Mobility Station? Reasons for renting at the Mobility Station - Because...I found there the closest available vehicles... it was on my way there are electric vehicles available there is a good acesseibility by PT I was passing by and decided to use there is always a vehicle available it is easy to interchange between modes someone recommended me to do so FFCS BS I read about it and wanted to try it another reason (weather, traffic conditions) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

25 Why did you return a vehicle specifically at the Mobility Station? Reasons for returning at the Mobility Station - Because my destination was very close there I easily find a parking place (FFCS) / get 10 min credit (BS) there is a charging point (for electric cars) Not asked to BS users there is an inmediate connection to public transport I can rent an MVG bike (other) Not asked to BS users FFCS BS 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

26 Connecting mode to and from the Mobility Station How did you reach the Mobility Station before renting a vehicle or bike? (~ 70 % of respondants) (multiple choice) How did you reach your destination after returning a vehicle or bike at the Mobility Station? (~30% of respondants) (multiple choice) by foot with my own bike with a Bikesharing bike by public transport FFCS users (n=105) BS users (n=274) as a car passenger in a carsharing vehicle Other FFCS users (n=47) BS users (n=128) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

27 How important are to you personally the following connections at the Mobility Station? FFCS n=174 very important rather important less important not important N.A. BS n=420 very important rather important less important not important N.A. PT and MVG Rad PT + car2go / DriveNow PT + STATTAUTO MVG Rad + car2go DriveNow MVG Rad + STATTAUTO Other 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

28 Preliminary conclusions Public Transport plays a central role for more than 70% of users who declared to use this mode at least once a week. There is already some degree of multimodal behaviour among users. Some intermodal connections between sharing services are taking place Access to and from the Mobility Station is mainly by foot and public transport

29 How important are for you the following components of the Mobility Station? FFCS: n = 174 very important rather important less important not important N.A. BS: n = 420 very important rather important less important not important N.A. Availability of carsharing vehicles Reserved parking places for carsharing Availability of MVG bikes Parking places for MVG bikes Information screen Possibility to use electric carsharing Connection to public transport 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 34

30 35 Preliminary conclusions There is still potential for future changes in mobility behavior towards more multimodality: Users of FFCS rate as important components of the mobility station related to bikesharing and its connection to public transport Users of BS rate as important components of the Mobility Station related to the use of carsharing and its connection to public transport

31 Please indicate if you agree to the following statements FFCS - n=174 BS- n=420 I fully agree I rather agree I rather don t agree I don t agree at all N.A. I fully agree I rather agree I rather don t agree I don t agree at all N.A. Services such as the MS contribute to make privately owned cars unnecessary Through the MS I am sure I can always find the right mode of transport for me Since I use the MS I use more often carsharing I became user of (provider) because I became aware of the service through the MS Since I use the MS I use PT more often After my experience at the MS I am thinking about joining (another) carsharing provider Since I use the MS I rent more often an MVG bike I registered to MVG Bike because I became aware of it through the MS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 36

32 Preliminary conclusions Using the Mobility Station contributes to changes in mobility behavior towards more multimodality: users of a mobility service also used other mobility services more frequently due to the Mobility Station. Long term effects on travel preferences can be suggested: The Mobility Station influences travel preferences by attracting users to become customers of additional mobility services. Based on previous findings on the impacts of carsharing in Munich we know that carsharing contributes to reduce car ownership and total vehicle kilometers traveled.

33 Preliminary conclusions The physical presence of a multimodal offer in public space and the quality of the urban environment matter. The on-site information screen is one of the least used services and the least rated as important. Nevertheless 35% of respondents indicated it to be the source of information by which they became aware of the offer. Most users have already a smartphone and use it for information and booking of mobility services but more virtual integration (maas) is needed to enhance the use of multiple mobility services. The majority of respondents show interest in having more mobility stations at other public transport nodes, and in residential areas. The possibility to use alternative fueled vehicles (electric carsharing), seems to be an important factor for the users and should be considered in the future planning of multimodal mobility services.

34 How to enable Munich s Freedom (from private cars)? Provide an attractive, easy to use, accessible and affordable alternative! Maybe a network of Mobility Stations?

35 Acceptance Would you like to have more Mobility Stations? Preferred locations for more Mobility Stations (Undecided) 27.5% (No) 2,5% In the city center At public transport junctions or along high-capacity public transport axes In residential areas, both in central districts and suburbs. Yes No Undecided

36 Next steps Stakeholder interviews (8) Analysis of Back-end data Non-user s surveys (400) Users s surveys (400) Results of the user survey will be presented at the TRB 96th annual meeting (January 8-12, 2017, Washington, D.C.) Quantitative methods Focus groups (2x10) Qualitative methods Parking surveys Accessibility anaylsis (GIS) Stay tunned! 43

37 Thank you for your attention! Questions? Contact: Montserrat Miramontes Chair of Urban Structure and Transport Planning