PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 1983

Transcription

1 PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 1983 Department of Agronomy and Soils Departmental Series No. 90 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Auburn Lniversity Gale A. Buchanan, Director Auburn University, Alabama January 1984

2

3 PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA, 1983 W. C. Johnson and Darrell Williams 1 INTRODUCTION Grain sorghum performance tests are conducted annually throughout Alabama by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. These tests give a comparison of hybrid performance under the conditions at a particular location. areas of the State. The locations used represent major soil and climatic The performance of hybrids varies with location. Therefore, this report should be carefully studied before a hybrid is selected. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Cultural practices were uniform for all hybrids within a given test. The experimental design for all tests was a randomized complete block with four replications. Test plots were two-36-inch rows, 20 feet in length. The target plant population was 50,000 plants per acre, with a seeding rate 25 percent higher to ensure a good stand. Test cultural practices are listed in table 1. Grain yields were obtained by harvesting the whole test plot, either by hand or plot combine, and adjusting harvested grain weight and moisture to a standard 14 percent moisture and pounds per bushel. Soils. 'Professor and Technical Assistant, Department of Agronomy and - 1-

4 Lodging is given as the percentage of plants broken or leaning at an angle of more than 45 degrees. The seed heads of lodged plants were not included in the yields reported. Days to mid-bloom is one measure of relative maturity. This is taken as days from planting to the date when approximately one-half of the heads in the plot are in bloom. A ratoon, or stubble, crop was harvested at Headland. The first harvest was combined and the stalks were cut to a 6-inch height. An additional 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre were sidedressed to the 6-inch stubble. The ratoon crop yield reported should be added to 1983 yield to calculate total yield. The preliminary grain sorghym hybrid test, table 13, is used to evaluate new hybrids and experimental lines. If a new variety does well in the preliminary test, it is planted in the regular test the next year. The test at the Tennessee Valley Substation was lost after a week of standing water on the test caused delayed herbicide damage in late May. At Prattville and Headland bird damage was moderate. In these tests, the bird-resistant hybrids showed 0-6 percent damage, while the non bird-resistant hybrids showed bird damage which ranged from 6 to 45 percent of yield. Bird damage can be a problem in small fields. In selecting a hybrid, consideration should be given to bird populations; if damage is anticipated, bird-resistant hybrids should be used. Birdresistant grain sorghum hybrids are sometimes difficult to market and may have lower feed value than the non bird-resistant hybrids.

5 VARIETY COMPARISONS The performance of hybrids varies among years and locations. Small yield differences among hybrids may be the result of slight environmental or cultural differences rather than differences in yield potential among varieties. To aid in determining real differences, a statistical analysis of variance was performed on the data from each location. The L.S.D. (least significant difference) at the 5 percent level is reported to help determine real differences between hybrid yields for each location in If the yield difference is greater than the L.S.D. value between two hybrids at a given location, the two hybrids are considered to be significantly different in yield. The C.V. (coefficient of variation) is a measure of test variability. An increase in its value indicates a decrease in the precision of the test data. The list of acceptable hybrids is based on 3-year average grain yield and lodging data. The list is divided into three regions, north, central, and south. Since all acceptable hybrids are not equal in performance, a review of the data from several years at the test location similar to your situation is the most reliable method for selecting a hybrid best suited for your farming needs. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The performance trials were conducted in cooperation with the following substation and experiment field superintendents and their staffs whose quality work makes this report a reliable source of information for farmers in their areas.

6 Northern Alabama Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina - W. B. Webster, Superintendent Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville - J. T. Eason, Superintendent Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield- R. A. Moore, Jr., Superintenden Central Alabama Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction L. A. Smith, Superintendent Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville - D. P. Moore, Superintendent E. V. Smith Research Center, Shorter- J. R. Akridge, Superintendent Southern Alabama Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroeville - J. A. Pitts, Superintendent Wiregrass Substation, Headland - J. G. Starling, Superintendent Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope- E. L. Carden, Superintendent Appreciation is also expressed to W. H. Hearn and Sally Bagwell, Research Data Analysis, for the computation, summarization, and analysis of the data in this report. -4-

7 Table 1. Locations and Cultural Practices for the 1983 Grain Sorghum-HyI Location Tennessee Val ley Substation (Belle Mina) Sand Mouptain Substation (Crossvil le) Upper Coastal Plain Substation (Wi nfi el1d) E. V. Smith Research Center (Shorter) Prattville Experiment Field (Prattvil le) Black Belt Substation (Marion Junction) Monroeville Experiment Field (Monroev ili le) Wireqrass Substation (Headland) Gulf Coast Substation (Fairhope) - - date Test lost May 5 May 2 April 21 April 5 Apr il 28 April 22 May 2 May 17 1 rae ti on da te due to cold, wet spring weather ,000 August ,000 August August ,000 August ,000 August $000 August ,000 August 0 50,000 August 31 ~I Herbicides D.m and delayed herbicide At raz i ne 3 At raz I ne At raz ine Atrazine Atrazine + Lasso Atrazine Atrazine + Dual Atrazine Insecticides 2 damnage. Fur ad an, Lannate () Cygon (1) None Sevin (2) Lannate (1) Sevin (7) Lorsban (2) None Sevin + Malathion (2) ounds per acre N. Lime, phosphorus, and potassium were applied according tos 2 Spray materials (number of applications). ons. 3 Atrazine alone was applied post emergence.

8 Table 2. Three-Year Yield and Lodqing Averages for Northern Alabama, Brand name Hybrid Yield per acre Lodged stalks Bu. Pct. B815* G-522DR 76 8 G-522A 76 8 's M 57 YG 74 7 Taylor-Evans Dinero 73 6 Terra HT-126DR GK 802 G GB 69 7 G G 's M 51 YG 68 8 Penngrain YE 68 4 Savanna 5* Taylor-Evans Y-1-R IBelle Mina, Crossville, Winfield. *Bird-resistant hybrid Belle Mina data not included.

9 Table 3. Sand Mountain Substation Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Brand name Hybrid.. yield 2-yr. av. 3-yr. av. Lodqing Mid-bloom Mo, Bu. Bu. su. a domen Pct. Paymaster Taylor-Evans Chem Nut Terra. Taylor Evans Crop Seed OK GR B 815* 84 Dinero 84 M 990 YG 83 GSA G M 57 YG 79 GK802G 79 HT-12R 78 G-522DR OR 78 Penngrain DR 76 G G GB 74 M Y-1-R G-522A 73 M 52 YG A 70 Penngrain YE GB BC2G 67 GK712G DR DK Savanna 5* vow "age w Namem as m m qm w m -M I /25 7/25 7/25 7/25 7/25 7/23 S 7/23 7/21 7/25 7/23 7/25 7/21 7/20 7/23 7/23 7/23 7/23 7/20 7/23 7/22 7/ test average - 71 bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 18 bu. C.V % 1 Crossville, Alabama. *Bird-resistant hybrid.

10 Table 4. Upoer Coastal Plain Substation Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Brand name Hybrid yield 2-yr av. 3-yr. av. Mi d-blioom Lodqn duo bs Bu. - Mo. /d ay Pct. Funk ' s Tayl or-evans Penni ngton Funk' Chen Nut Penn ington Crop Seed Funk 's Terra P aymaster Tayl or-,evans DeKal b Funk' s G-5 22A 96 M57GY 89 Savanna 5* 87. Dinero G Penngrain YE 82 G R B 815* 80 GSA GK802G 79 Penngrain DR 79 M BC2G 78 DK G-5220R 77 HT-12R 77 GR M51YG 733GB 1225 DR GB 72 M990YG Y-1--R 68 DK ZGK712G 66 G A test average 76 bu. L*S.,D. (.05) 14 bu. c.v v 13.2% /12 7/09 7/13 7/13 7/09 7/12 7/ 7/12 7/17 7/09 7/08 7/08 7/ W inf iel d, Al abama. *Bi'rd-.resistant hybrid, -3-

11 Table 5. Three-Year Yield and Lodging Averages for Central Alabama, Brand name Hybrid Yield per acre Lodged stalks Bu. Pct. 8815* 78 0 Savanna 5* 76 0 GK 802 G 74 0 Taylor-Evans Dinero Chem-Nut GSA Penngrain YE 71 0 G-522 DR 69 0 GK 712 G 68 0 Terra HT-12R M 57 YG GB G-522 A 65 0 G 's M 51 YG G OK Shorter, Prattville, and Marion Junction. *Bird-resistant hybrid.

12 Table 6. E. V. Smith Research Center Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Brand name Hybrid yield 2-yr. av. 3-yr. av. bird damage Bu. Bu. Bu. Pct. NorthruQ King Taylor Evans Chem Nut Paymaster Crop Seed Terra M 990 YG 8815* 808GB Savanna 5* G-522A 1225 OR GK802G M OR Dinero G-550 GSA1290 GR GB Penngrain DR GK712G 2670 G-5220R BC2G DK-59 G-611 M 51 YG DK-64 Penngrain YE G-1498 HT-12R M 57 YG 433A q we qm a 50 -M -M Im im mim, test average - 39 bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 12 bu. C.V % 1Shorter, Alabama. *Bird-resistant hybrid. --

13 Table 7. Prattville Grain Sorqhum Hybrid Trial, B rand n ame Hybrid 1983 Yield yr av Yr. av. Mid-bloom Bird d am age bus Buo tsu. Mo.day Pct.0 P ioneer Terra Tayl or-evans McCur dy Crop Seed McCur dy Penni ngton Ring.Around Paymaster. Chem Nut DeKal b B815* 70 HT-,12R 68 Savanna 5* GK8O2G 64 Dinero 61 M51 YG 61 Penngrain DR C2G 58 M M 990OYG 57 GK712G 808GB 55 DK M.57 YG G-522A Penngrain YE GB 52 G GR DR G-522DR GSA DR 45 DK-64 G A 43 G /25 6/22 6/23 6/22 6/25 6/25 6/23 6/25 6/23 6/22 6/23 6/23 6/23 6/22 6/22 6/ test average bu. L.S.D. (.05) 11 bu. C.oV. -14,7% *Birdresistant hybrid. -11-

14 Table 8. Black Belt Substation Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Bird Brand name Hybrid yield 2-yr. av. 3-yr. av. Mid-bloom Damage..... _ I.L-... =..: - Bu. BU. Bu. Mo./d ay Pct. Taylor-Evans Chem Nut Terra Crop Seed Paymaster Dinero 64' GSA M 57 YG G-522A Savanna 5* Penngrain YE 57 B815* 57 M990YG 57 G-522DR HI-12R Penngrain DR GK802G G G G DR 52 OK GB 50 M 51 YG DK DR M BC 2G GK712G 42 GR GB A am 90 I Im a 66 7/ 7/17 7/ 7/ 7/17 7/18 7/ 7/19 7/17 7/17 7/11 7/11 7/18 7/ 7/13 7/13 7/11 7/20 7/18 7/17 7/13 7/19 7/19 7/ test average- 52 bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 13 bu. C.V % 1Marion Junction, Alabama. *Bird-resistant hybrid.

15 Table 9. Three-Year Yield and Lodging Averages for Southern Alabama, Brand name Hybrid Yield per acre Lodged stalks Bu. Pct. Savanna 5* 70 0 Taylor-Evans Dinero G-522A 65 0 M 57 YG 65 0 B815* 65 0 G-5220R 64 0 GK 802 G 64 0 Chem-Nut GSA Penngrain YE 63 0 G Terra HT-126 OR 0 G GB 0 OK Headland, Monroeville, and Fairhope. *Bird-resistant hybrid

16 Table. Monroeville Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Brand name Hybrid yield 2-yr. av. 3-yr. av. mid-bloom Bu. Bu. Bu. Mo./Uay Terra Taylor-Evans Funks Chem Nut Funks Taylor-Evans Funks Paymaster Funks Funks Taylor-Evans Crop Seed 1330 DR HT-12R 2670 Y-77 G-522A Penngrain DR GSA M990YG GK802G G-1498 Dinero DK M57YG 433A G-522DR 1225 DR 76 GR1138 B815* 22 Penngrain YE G-611 G Y-1-R 733GB DK-59 Savanna 5* 808GB GK712G M727 BC2G O "- m 59 m me,4w a& I- -004w No "a m as m.1m lo.-m 6/29 6/38 6/38 6/26 6/26 7/02 6/25 6/29 7/02 6/26 7/02 6/28 6/29 7/03 6/27 6/29 6/29 6/ test average - bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 9 bu. C.V. 14.1% *Bird-resistant hybrid. -14-

17 Table 11. Wiregrass Substation Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Total bird Brand name Hybrid yield Ratoon 2 yield 2-yr. av. 3-yr. av. damage Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Pct. -ww Tayl or-evans Taylor-Evans Taylor-Evans Crop Seed Terra Paymaster Chem Nut Savanna 5* Y-77 Penngrain YE B815* 8222 G-522A 1225 OR 1330 OR G-611 M 57 YG M737 Dinero OK-59 Y-1-R 733GB M990OYG 7723 G-522DR GB GK712G BC2G 76 G-1498 HT-12R Penngrain DR GR GK802G DK-64 G-550 GSA A ,-- 52 am me o test average.40 bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 19 bu. C.V % 1Headland, Alabama. 2 Ratoon crop cut December 1. *Bird-resistant hybrid. -15-

18 Table 12. Gulf Coast Substation Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, Brand name Hybrid yiel Id 2-yr. av. 3-r. av. mid-bloom au. Bu. sue / aday Funk I s Terr a Penn ington McCur dy - McCur dy Taylor-,Evans Tayl or-wevans Chem Nut Crop Seed Taylor-Evans Paymaster Penni ngton G-5220R HT-42R 26 G-,522A Pennrain DR 8815* 787 M 57 YG G-550 OK-64 M990Y G 1225 DR Di nero 'Y-77 GSA1290 Savanna 5* G-611 M DK BC2G Y-1-,R GR GB Pennqrain YE GK802G GB 1330 DR 433A GK712G G test average 52 bu. L.S.D. (,05) bu. C.oV. 13.1% 1 Fairhope, Alabama. *Bird..resistant hybrid d m /14 7/12 7/ 7/ 7/1.3 7/ 7/13 7/11 7/17 7/11 7/ 7/ 7/ 7/11 7/12 7/11 --

19 Table 13. Preliminary Grain Sorghum Hybrid Trial, E. V. Smith Research Center, Brand name Hybrid Yield Lodging Bird damage Bu. Pct. Pct GB Paymaster R Paymaster BR-90* HW 5974 G Crop Seed BR HW RA Terra HT Paymaster HW HW Crop Seed 8C142G G GK522G test average - 41 bu. L.S.D. (.05) - 14 bu. C.V % 1Shorter, Alabama. *Bird-resistant hybrid. -17-

20 Sources of Seed for the 1983 Grain Sorghum Tests Entry designation Source of seed Cher Nut Crop Seed... BC142G *RC 1 BC 2G... DK-59 DK-64 Chem Nut, Inc. P. 0. Box 3706 Albany, Georgia 's Pedigreed Seed Company Route 1, Box 150 j Lubbock, Texas Crop Seed, Inc. P. 0. Box 8 Lubbock, Texas Ag. Research, Inc. Route 2 Lubbock, Texas G-522A G-522DR G-550 G-611 G-1400 G-1498 G o... HW-5247 HW-49 HW-5974 HW-31 Louisiana Seed Company, P. 0. Box 1867 Plainview, Texas Inc.... GK 522G GK 712G GK 802G DR 13300R 1230GB 737YG M51YG M57YG M990YG, Inc. P. 0. Box 6 Ashburn, Georgia Chemical Company 50 Poplar Avenue Memphis, Tennessee Seed Company Fremont, Iowa 521 (continued on the following page)

21 Sources of Seed for the 1983 Grain Sorghum Tests (continued) Entry designation Source of seed 22' *Savanna 5 Paymaster *BR R90 GR Penngrain OR Penngrain YE * A 733GB GB Taylor-Evans T-E Dinero T-E 'Y-77 T-E 'YIO1R 0 * * * 0 0 * * * 0 * 9 0 * * 0 * Terra... HT-124 HT-126 DR Company P. 0. Box 151 Columbus, Mississippi ACCO -,Paymaster P. 0. Box 30 Plainview, Texas 790', 72 Seed, Inc. P.000 BOX 290 Madison., Georgia Hi*-Bred International, Inc. 00 West Jefferson Street Tipton, Indiana 072 Products, Inc Ford Road Dallas, Texas 234 Taylor-Evans Seed Company P. 0. Box 68 Tulia, Texas Terra Seed Company P. 0. Box 121 Lubbock, Texas *Bird..resistant hybrid., n~ -19-

22 Acceptable Hybrids For 1984 All acceptable hybrids have been tested for 3 consecutive years in the-region listed. A hybrids are not equal in performance. It is suggested that this report be carefully stuiebfoecosn a hybrid. The hybrids are listed in descending order of 3--:year average yield for each rein NorthernAlabama 1 Central Alabama 2,.-.-,..Southern A] 3 Brand name Hybrid Br and name H4ybrid Brand name t Funk ' s Funk ' s Tayl or-evans Terra Funk 's Funk 's 's5 Penn ington t Taylor-Evans B815 G-522DR G-522A M 57 YG Di nero HT-1 26 DR 76 GK 802G 733 GB G-550 G-6.11 M 51 YG Penngrain YE Savanna 5* Y-1-R* 2670* t tmorthrup King Tayl or-evans Chem-N~ut Terra Funk' 's5 Funk' s 0815 Savanna 5 GK 8026 Dinero 76 GSA 1290 Penngrain YE G-522DR GK 712 6* HT-1 26DR* 7723* 2670* M 57 YG* 733 GB* G-522A* G-550* m 51 YG* G-611* tmorthrup King Taylor-Evans t Funk 's Chan-N~ut Terra DeKal b Hybrid Savanna 5 Dinero 76 G-522A M 57 YG B81 5 G-522DR GK GSA 1290 Penngrain YE G * 2670* HT-1I26DR* G-550* 7 336B* DK-64* 1 Belle Mina, Crossville, and Winfield test locations. 2 Shorter, Prattville, and Marion Junction test l ocations. 3 Headland, Monroeville, and Fairhope test locations. tbird-resistant hybrids. *If present trends continue, this hybrid will be removed from the acceptable list netyarirh region indicated,

23

24