Any us~ of data or infonnation presented i-n thi-s

Transcription

1 This info~atton ;s presented under autbor;ty granted the North Carolina Agricuttural Research Service to conduct performance tests, including interp~etation of data. to' the publ tc, and does not imply endorsement or recommendation ~ North Carolina State University. Any us~ of data or infonnation presented i-n thi-s bul Ietrin must be accomp-anied- by conspicuous di-sclaimer which states. "endorsement or recof1l11en<tation by North Carolina State University i-s not fmpl Ied;"

2 Research Report No. 115 December, 1988 Part I Corn Hybrids Part II Corn Silage Part III Grain Sorghum Part IV Soybeans 1988 Daryl Bowman, Associate Professor In Charge of Variety Testing Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC ~ NORTH CAROll~t~\\ ~.,...- L..-"I..,,,-{' \ ~'! ~-'~ ~~. ( I,~~ ~i,,:\.. ~ ~: \.), '\. '.,.f~ ~}\!~:.i ::,. <,',." "''''''>z..._j

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS I NTRODUCT ION.. 1 Comparing Hybrids and Varieties 2 Figure 1. Location of Official Variety Tests 4 Cooperators 5 CORN HYBRIDS Entries 7 7 Table 1. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies 7 Field Plot Technique 9 Seasonal Conditions. 10 Data.. 10 Results. 11 Table 2. Cultural Practices. 12 Table 3. Soil Test Results 13 Tables Three, Two and One-Year Data Table 13. Gray Leaf Spot 23 CORN SILAGE Entries Table 14. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies.. 24 Field Plot Technique 25 Table 15. Cultural Practices Table 16. Soil Test Results. 26 Seasonal Conditions Data.. 27 Results. 27 Tables Three, Two, and One-Year Data 28-31

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS GRAIN SORGHUM Entries Table 22. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies.. 32 Test Locations. 33 Field Plot Technique Seasonal Conditions Data 33 Results Table 23. Cultural Practices. ' Table 24. Soil Test Results Tables Three, Two and One-Year Data SOYBEANS Entries Table 28. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies.. 40 Test Locations Data 41 Seasonal Conditions.. 42 Results Table 29. Cultural Practices Table 30. Soil Test Results.. 44 Tables Three, Two and One-Year Data 45-59

5 1 PERFO~lANCE OF CORN HYBRIDS, CORN SILAGE, GRAIN SORGHUM AND SOYBEANS IN NORTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION With the large number of commercially available and prospective hybrids and varieties of corn, grain sorghum, and soybeans, it becomes difficult for growers to select a superior variety suited for their particular area of the state and their individual farming operations. To make this decision, the growers need up-to-date, unbiased, reliable information. The Official Variety Testing Program, through this report, seeks to provide that type of information.!! The first section of this report is concerned with corn hybrids in all production areas of the state. The second section deals with corn silage. The third section includes data on grain sorghum. The fourth section covers data on soybeans. Each part is complete in that it contains information on experimental procedure, 2/ locations of the tests, a discussion of the data for 1988,- as well as summary tables for the past two and three years. 1/ -The Official Variety Testing Program recognizes the cooperative spirit and civic-minded service rendered by the farmers who have furnished, prepared, and cultivated the land for these trials. Research technicians, Ray Adams, Dwight Parrish, Howard Penny, and Ken Barnes assisted in conducting these tests. Carey Parsons prepared the text for this bulletin. 2/ -Statistical analyses were made in the Statistical Laboratory and Computing Center under the supervision of Dr. John o. Rawlings by Mrs. Sandra Donaghy.

6 2 It is hoped that the organization of this bulletin will provide data in a complete form to those interested in the various crops. Growers are cautioned against making varietal selection decisions based on an individual location in anyone year. True varietal performance may have been masked by the unusual weather conditions experienced at anyone location or anyone growing season. Comparing Hybrids and Varieties Performance of a absolute precision. hybrid or variety cannot be tested with Even though the tests are conducted in a uniform manner, as much as possible, uncontrollable variability exists among experimental plots due to soil type, fertility, moisture, insects, diseases, and other sources of variation. Because this variability exists, statistics are used as a tool to determine differences among hybrids and varieties. The size of difference among hybrids or varieties which may have been due to chance variation is listed in each table as the L.S.D. (least significant difference) and those hybrids or varieties which do not differ by more than the L.S.D. are statistically not different. Those hybrids or varieties that do differ by more than the L.S.D. are statistically different. The Bayes L.S.D. at the K-ratio of 50 (approximately.10 level of probability) was used. The coefficient of variability (C.V.) is listed as a general indicator of population variability; it does not, however, always indicate level of precision. The standard error of the mean (s.e.) is listed as a general indicator of precision since it reveals how

7 3 well the true mean was estimated. The formula for the s.e. is the square root of the error variance divided by the square root of the number of replications. The error degrees of freedom (Error d.f.) used to test varieties or hybrids are listed along with the mean of the test. Hybrid or varietal performance may appear inconsistent among locations within an area or among years in a particular area, thus it is important for the reader to examine results from more than one location or more than one year at a particular location to obtain a more accurate picture of relative hybrid or varietal performance. An effort has been made to facilitate comparisons among locations and across years in this report. The hybrids or varieties which do not yield significantly less than the highest yielder are denoted by an asterisk (*) next to their yields; the highest yielder is denoted by a double asterisk (**) next to their yield. The relative performance of a hybrid or variety across locations within an area can be easily evaluated by going across the table; those hybrids or varieties which are most frequently marked by an asterisk would be highly desirable. Other agronomic characteristics may be as equally important as yield. It is suggested that the grower plant a small number of acres in a new variety when first determining if it is adapted to his farm.

8 1988 LOCATION OF OFFICIAL VARIETY TEST NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE ST(J(ES I WINGHAM Corn Test Corn Silage Test A Grain Sorghum Test * Soybean Test

9 5 COOPERATORS 1988 Corn Chowan County, Robert L. Bunch, Route 2, Edenton, N.C., County Extension Director, J. Michael Williams, cooperating. Columbus County, Eugene McKiethan, Route 1, Nakina, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Robert Shaw, cooperating. Johnston County, San Wood Farms, Route 2, Four Oaks, N.C. Agricultural Extension Agent, Eric Spaulding, cooperating. Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. Rowan County, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C., Billy Ayscue, Superintendent, and Agricultural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. Washington County, John Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Mike Webb, cooperating. Rockingham County, Daniel Jones, Route 6, Box 915, Reidsville, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Scott Shoulars, cooperating. Corn Silage Haywood County, Mountain Research Station, J. R. Edwards, Superintendent, Waynesville, N.C., County Extension Director, H. E. McCall, cooperating. Rowan County, Billy Ayscue, Superintendent, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C. and Agricultural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. Grain Sorghum Granville County, William C. Clements, Superintendent, Oxford Tobacco Research Station, Oxford, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Tommy Brooks, cooperating. Rowan County, Billy Ayscue, Superintendent, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C. and Agricultural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. Stanly County, Nevin Honeycutt, Oakboro, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Jim Monroe, cooperating. Washington County, John Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Mike Webb, cooperating.

10 6 Soybeans Edgecombe County, Raymond Coltrain, Superintendent, Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mount, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Curtis Fountain, cooperating. Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. Robeson County, Roger Oxendine, Route 2, Box 289-C, Rowland, N.C., County Extension Director, Everett Davis, cooperating. Stanly County, Ronnie Burleson, Route 2, Box 136, Richfield, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Jim Monroe, cooperating. Washington County, J. W. Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Mike vlebb, cooperating. Wilson County, John Gardner, Route 1, Box Ill, Macclesfield, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, David Hardy, cooperating. Late Tests After Small Grain Edgecombe County, Bert Pitt, Route 1, Box 180, Macclesfield, N.C., County Extension Agent, Curtis D. Fountain, cooperating. Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. Rowan County, Billy.Ayscue, Superintendent, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C., and Agricultural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. Washington County, John Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C. Agricultural Extension Agent, Mike Webb, cooperating.

11 7 CORN HYBRIDS The performance of various corn hybrids in different areas of the state depends on their adaptation to the environmental conditions within the area. The performance of hybrids across the state of North Carolina is reported in this bulletin. Entries: Any individual or firm may make application for having hybrids tested. A fee is charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may also include entries about which further information is desired. Early in January each year, rules governing the tests for the ensuing year are distributed to all previous participants and to those who make inquiry. Agencies or individuals entering hybrids in the Official Variety Tests were requested to designate the population and maturity range desired. Because of this, some hybrids may not appear to be in the correct maturity group. Agencies sponsoring entries in the 1988 tests are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1988 North Carolina Corn Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids. Name and Contact Person Address Hybrid Designation AgraTech Seeds, Inc. J. E. Harvey Asgrow Seed Company Earl Burkybile P. O. Box 644 AgraTech Ashburn, Georgia Portage Road Asgrow, O's G Kalamazoo Michigan 49001

12 8 Table 1. (Continued) Name and Contact Person Address Hybrid Designation Cargill Seeds Jack Carlson P. O. Box 5645 Cargill Minneapolis, Minnesota Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company Al Hoggard P. O. Box 729 Coker Bay, Arkansas Crist Seed Company Bill Crist Box 1107 Lynn Haven Florida Crist DeKalb-Pfizer Genetics Karen Strain Delta & Pine Land Co. Tom Wofford Edward J. Funk & Sons Angela Rutt Funk's Seed International Bob Logan Garst Seed Company Harold Cutler Hyperformer Seed Company Bill Washburn Jacques Seed Company David Hill 3100 Sycamore Road DEKALB DeKalb Illinois Herring Avenue Deltapine Box 1118 Wilson, N.C P. O. Box 67 Super Crost Kentland Indiana P. O. Box 1148 Funk's, RA Ozark, Alabama Route 1, Box 314 Garst Ayden, N.C Poplar Hyperformer Suite 3200 Memphis, Tenn St. Croix Jacques Prescott Wisconsin McCurdy Seed Company Kevin Coey East Main Street Fremont, Iowa McCurdy Northrup King Company Larry Brown Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Paul Rodgers P. O. Box 265 NK LaGrange, N.C W. Jefferson St. Pioneer Tipton, Indiana 46072

13 9 Table 1. (Continued) Name and Contact Person Premier Hybrids, Inc. Philip E. Hutchinson SeedTec Int., Inc. Jeffrey Hall Southern States Coop. G. W. Barber Address RR 15, Box 223X Indianapolis Indiana Eldred Illinois W. Broad St. P. O. Box Richmond, Va Hybrid Designation Premier SeedTec 55 Speight Seed Farms, Mark Grimsley Inc. Box 580 Speight Winterville, N.C Field Plot Technique: Eight tests were located across the state. The various locations are shown in Figure 1. Early-maturing corn hybrids (less than 110 days to maturity) are included in six tests in the Coastal Plain and Tidewater areas of the state. The medium-maturing (approximately 110 to 120 days to maturity) and the late-maturing (over 120 days to maturity) hybrids are included in all eight locations. It is important to remember that these are loose groupings, i.e. some hybrids may easily fit into either of two maturity groups due to it being on the borderline. Table 2 lists the cultural practices used and Table 3 lists the soil tests results. In field design a randomized block was used on all maturity groups. Each plot consisted of four rows 23 feet long with a 40, 38, or 36" row width. The center two rows were harvested for yield. Alley width was five feet. In 1988, all tests were planted to a stand at a rate of the desired plant population.

14 10 Seasonal Conditions: A wet spring delayed corn plantings (Table 2). Stands were below normal at certain locations which received rain after planting. Certain areas suffered drought stress as evidenced by rainfall data at Edgecombe, Johnston, and Lenoir counties. One test at Washington was irrigated; a nonirrigated test was planted adjacent to it in the same field. The irrigated test received a total of 8.55 inches of water in addition to rainfall. The test at Rowan received 6.7 inches of irrigation in June and July. Rainfall data at seven locations reveal the type of season experienced in Rainfall (Inches) Location by County April May June July August Chowan Columbus Johnston Lenoir Rockingham Rowan Washington The early and late hybrids were discarded at Columbus due to poor stands resulting from rainfall after planting. Data: Data were collected on yield, moisture, lodging, ear height, and stands. All plot yields were adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Lodging percentage was determined by observing all plants broken below the ear or leaning more than 45 degrees. Ear height was determined by measuring the distance from the ground to the node where the ear is attached to the stalk. Stand counts were reported in plants/acre.

15 11 Results: Yield and performance data for the early maturing hybrids are shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6. Funk's G-4522 leads the three-year average in yield while Jacques 8210 leads the two-year average (Table 4). All entries were tested at the same number of locations; three year averages include 16 locations and two year averages include 10 locations. For the medium maturing group, OeKalb OK7ll leads the group for yield after three years (Table 7). Tables 8 and 9 reveal 1988 data. Asgrow/O's Gold 5509 leads the late-maturing hybrids after three and two years (Table 10). An experimental, Funk's 8018X, yielded 129 bushels per acre in 1988 across all locations (Tables 11 and 12). Table 13 lists yield, moisture, and gray leaf spot ratings of selected hybrids tested under gray leaf spot disease pressure near Andrews, N.C.

16 Table 2. Cultural practices used at each corn test location Location by County Fertilizer Lbs and Grade Chowan Sidedressing Lbs N/A 140 Date Date of of Planting Harvest -- April 11 September 13 Soil Type State fine sandy loam Columbus April 5 September 21 Washington 165 (Irrigated) Johnston April 28 September 8 April 6 September 8 Cape Fear Loam Norfolk sandy loam.-. rv Lenoir April 7 September 16 Lynchburg sandy loam Rockingham April 29 September 27 Rowan April 25 September 23 Washington : April 28 September 26 Cape Fear loam

17 Table 3. Soil test results, corn Location by County HM % ~V-V CEC as % Ac ph P-I K-I Ca % Mg % Mn-I Zn-I Cu-I Chowan Columbus Johnston Lenoir ~ w Rockingham Rowan Washington Washington (Irrigated)

18 14 TABLE 4. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1987, 1988 FUNK'S G RA AGRATECH GK PREt-tIER 639-A PIONEER PIONEER PREMIER SEEDTEC ST TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1988 JACQUES FUNK'S G ~6940 AGRATECH GK RA SS CARGILL CARGILL PIONEER PREMIER 639-A FUNK'S G SEEDTEC ST-7625 III PIONEER 3389 III PIONEER SEEDTEC ST PREf.1.IER

19 15 TABLE 5. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION JACQUES AGRATECH FUNK'S G CARGILL AGRATECH GK CARGILL CARGILL RA COKER ASQ./O'S GOLD FUNK'S G PIONEER PIONEER SS JACQUES PIONEER PIONEER 3283W SEEDTEC ST PREMIER 639-A SUPER CROST DEKALB DK PIONEER NK S GARST PIONEER PREMIER JACQUES SEEDTEC ST NK X SUPER CROST EXP COKER CX EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION

20 TABLE 6. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR EARLY HYBRIDS WASH- HYBRID OR INGTON WASH- JOHN- BRAND-HYBRID IRRIG. INGTON STON LENOIR CHOWAN MEAN JACQUES ** 140* ** 140** 152** AGRATECH * 151* * 131* 145* FUNK'S G * 158** * 131* 143* CARGILL * * 153* * AGRATECH GK ** * CARGILL * * CARGILL * * RA * 138* COKER ASQ.jO'S GOLD * FUNK'S G * PIONEER PIONEER SS * III 130 JACQUES * PIONEER PIONEER 3283W SEEDTEC ST PREMIER 639-A SUPER CROST * 125 DEKALB DK * PIONEER * NK S GARST PIONEER PREMIER JACQUES SEEDTEC ST NK X SUPER CROST EXP COKER CX DELTAPINE * MEAN C.V. (% ) BLSD (K-50) s.e Error d.f **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION. ++ENTRY NOT INCLUDED IN OVERALL MEAN DUE TO LOSS OF PLOTS AT LENOIR COUNTY.

21 17 TABLE 7. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR MEDIUM MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1987, 1988 DEKALB DK7ll DELTAPINE JACQUES SEEDTEC ST COKER MCCURDY NK PX MCCURDY DEKALB DK PIONEER ASG./O'S GOLD RX CARGILL CARGILL SX SS SS DEKALB DK AGRATECH GK FUNK'S G PIONEER 3144W TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1988 DELTAPINE DEKALB DK7ll AGRATECH FUNK'S G MCCURDY MCCURDY SEEDTEC ST NK PX COKER JACQUES DEKALB DK CARGILL SS NK S ASG./O'S GOLD RX ASG./O'S GOLD RX PIONEER SS CARGILL SX PIONEER FUNK'S G DEKALB DK AGRATECH GK PIONEER 3144W FUNK'S G SPEIGHT

22 18 TABLE 8. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR MEDIUM MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION DEKALB DK71l COKER DELTAPINE MCCURDY AGRATECH FUNK'S G GARST MCCURDY NK PX CARGILL SUPER CROST EXP PREMIER DEKALB DK SS ASG./O'S GOLD RX ASG./O'S GOLD RX CARGILL MCCURDY CRIST C HS SEEDTEC ST PIONEER FUNK'S 7046X SS JACQUES PIONEER COKER FUNK,' S G PREMIER SS 844V CARGILL SX FUNK'S G SS HS SUPER CROST EXP SEEDTEC ST-7711 III NK S-8645 III PIONEER 3144W COKER AGRATECH GK SS 814V DEKALB DK HS FUNK'S G SPEIGHT EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION

23 TABLE 9. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR MEDIUM HYBRIDS WASH- HYBRID OR INGTON WASH- JOHN- COL- ROCK- BRAND-VARIETY IRRIG. INGTON STON LENOIR CHOWAN UMBUS INGHAM ROWAN MEAN DEKALB DK7l * 118* 171* 126* 109* 107* 103* 130** COKER * 158* 94* * 127** 100* 109* 128* DELTAPINE ** 116* * 117* * 128* MCCURDY * 142* 89* * 103* 102* 118** 126* AGRATECH * 152* 102* 167* 121* * 126* FUNK'S G * 122* 102* 160* 116* 113* 100* 109* 124* GARST * 125* 102* ** 111* 103* 104* 124* MCCURDY * 125* 98* 172* 127* 94 99* * NK PX * 95* * * * CARGILL * * 166* * 106* * +SUPER CROST EXP * 127* 94* * 122* * 121* PREMIER * 139* 104* 180** 114* 80 99* * DEKALB DK * 141* 95* * 99* * SS * 132* 123** * ** * ASG./O'S GOLD RX * 170* 114* 107* 104* * ASG./O'S GOLD RX * 99* * CARGILL * 124* 104* 159* * MCCURDY * 130* 107* * 106* CRIST C * 105* * * HS * 132* 90* * SEEDTEC ST * 133* 102* * 117 PIONEER * 97* * 106* 99* 104* 117 +FUNK'S 7046X * 93* * * 117 SS * * * JACQUES * 86* * PIONEER * 161* * * 115 COKER * 133 * 100* FUNK'S G * 72* * PREMIER ** 136* 85* * SS 844V * 92* CARGILL SX * 79* 164 * 119* * FUNK'S G * 166 * 117* SS * * * HS * * 88 99* SUPER CROST EXP * 94 * SEEDTEC ST * * 91 III NK S * 143 * 96 * * * 103* III PIONEER 3144W * * 108 COKER * * AGRATECH GK * 97 * * 102* SS 814V * DEKALB DK * HS * FUNK'S G * 89* * SPEIGHT * MEAN 165.!l C.V (%) BLSD (K-50) NS s.e ERROR d.f **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

24 20 TABLE 10. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR LATE MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR BRAND-HYBRID YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1987, 1988 ASG./O'S GOLD 5509 PIONEER 3165 NK PX9646 CARGILL 9427 SS TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1988 ASG./O'S GOLD 5509 DELTAPINE X9986 NK PX9646 PIONEER 3165 CARGILL 9427 SS 901 CARGILL III

25 21 TABLE 11. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR LATE MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION +FUNK'S 8018X GARST ASG./O'S GOLD XP NK X SS ASG./O'S GOLD PREMIER CARGILL GARST DELTAPINE X NK PX CRIST C CARGILL PIONEER SS EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION

26 TABLE 12. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR LATE HYBRIDS WASH- HYBRID OR INGTON WASH- JOHN- ROCK- BRAND-HYBRID IRRIG. INGTON STON LENOIR CHOWAN INGHAM ROWAN MEAN +FUNK'S 8018X * 169** 127** 127** ** GARST * 138** 93* 164* 117* * +ASG./O S GOLD XP ** 124* * 118* ** 126* +NK X * 118* * 122* 118* * +SS * 125* * * ASG./O'S GOLD * * 158* * PREMIER * * CARGILL * 118* 94* 146* * GARST * 83 94* 156* DELTAPINE X * 111** 145* NK PX * * CRIST C * * TIS CARGILL * * PIONEER * SS * MEAN 163 III III C.V. (% ) BLSD s.e ERROR d.f EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION. **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER.

27 23 TABLE 13. YIELD, MOISTURE AT HARVEST, AND GRAY LEAF SPOT RATINGS OF SELECTED HYBRIDS AT ANDREWS, N.C GRAY LEAF HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE SPOT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A RATINGt +DELTAPINE X ** NC 266 x NC * PIONEER * NC 264 x NC * AMER. DENT. X NC * PIONEER * GARST * COKER * CRIST C JACQUES DEKALB DK GARST PIONEER JACQUES FUNK'S G SUPER CROST EXP COKER JACQUES COKER CX DEKALB DK SUPER CROST EXP PIONEER AGRATECH HS MCCURDY SUPER CROST SUPER CROST EXP. OH43 X NC COKER JACQUES 7820 III SS 728 III HS DEKALB DK HS JACQUES COKER NC 270 X NC SEEDTEC ST FUNK'S G SUPER CROST EXP EXP. MO. 44 X NC PIONEER FUNK'S G AGRATECH DELTAPINE SEEDTEC ST CRIST C DELTAPINE PIONEER MEAN 116 C.V. (%) 19.0 BLSD (K-50) 33 s.e ERROR d.f EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1989 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION trating SCALE: 4 = 30-39%, 5 = 40-49%, 6 = 50-59%, 7 = 60-69%, 8 = 70-79%, 9 = 80-89% **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER.

28 24 CORN SILAGE Silage is an important part of the beef and dairy cattle industry in North Carolina, particularly in the Piedmont and Mountain regions. This report presents the results of the North Carolina Official Corn Silage trials for the 1988 season. Entries: Any individual or firm may make application for having hybrids tested. Personnel of the testing program may also include entries about which further information is desired. Early in January each year, rules governing the tests for the ensuing year are distributed to all previous participants and to those who make inquiry. Table 14. Agencies sponsoring entries in the 1988 tests are shown in Table 14. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1988 North Carolina Corn Silage Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids in the trials. Name, Contact Person, Address Hybrid Designation Cargill Jack Carlson P. O. Box 5645 Minneapolis, Minnesota Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company Al Hoggard P. O. Box 729 Bay, Arkansas Crist Seed Company Bill Crist Box 1107 Lynn Haven, Florida Cargill Coker Crist

29 25 Table 14. (Continued) Name, Contact Person, Address Hybrid Designation Delta & Pine Land Company Tom Wofford P. O. Box 1118 Wilson, N.C DeKalb-Pfizer Genetics Karen Strain 3100 Sycamore Road De Kalb, Illinois Funk Seeds International Bob Logan P. O. Box 1148 Ozark, Alabama Jacques Seed Company David Hill 720 St. Croix Prescott, Wisconsin Northrup King Company Larry Brown Route 3, Box 265 LaGrange, N.C Pioneer Hi-Bred, Inc. Paul Rodgers 1000 W. Jefferson Street Tipton, Indiana Southern States Cooperative, Inc. G. W. Barber P. O. Box Richmond, Virginia Zimmerman Hybrids, Inc. Robert Zimmerman 5147 W. Franklin Road Evansville, Indiana Deltapine DEKALB Funk's Jacques NK Pioneer SS Z Field Plot Technique: One test was located in Haywood County on a creek bottom, and one in Rowan County on an upland soil.

30 26 plots consisted of two rows with both rows harvested. Four replications were planted in a randomized, complete block design. Plots were 23 feet long with five foot alleys. stand. All plots were overplanted and later thinned to the desired Table 15 lists the cultural practices used; Table 16 lists soil test results. Table 15. Cultural practices used on the corn silage tests Side Fertilizer dressing Date Date Location lbs/a and lbs of of by County Grade N/A Planting Harvest Haywood May 13 October Rowan April 25 September Table 16. Soil test results, corn silage Location by County HM % w-v CEC BS % Ac ph P-I Haywood Rowan Location by County K-I Ca % Mg % Mn-I Zn-I Cu-I Haywood Rowan

31 27 Seasonal Conditions: Planting was delayed at Rowan due to wet field conditions. The test at Haywood was planted on schedule. Rainfall was below normal at both locations as seen on the following table. Rainfall (Inches) Location Sepby County April May June July August tember Haywood Rowan The Rowan Data: test received 6.7 inches of irrigation in June and July. Data were collected on percent dry matter at harvest, dry matter yield, silage yield, and plant population. Results: Tables 17 and 18 reveal the two and three year averages. Table 19 lists the 1988 data averaged across locations while Tables 20 and 21 show individual location data. The multiple-year averages provide a more accurate picture of true performance than any single year or location can provide.

32 28 TABLE 17. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR CORN SILAGE HYBRIDS THREE-YEAR AVERAGES , 1987, 1988 % Dry Hybrid or Dry Matter Silage Yield Matter Population Brand-Hybrid Tons/A Tons/A at Harvest Plants/Acre Pioneer ,200 Pioneer ,200 Jacques ,200 DeKalb DK ,700 NK PX ,800 SS 950W ,200 TABLE 18. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR CORN SILAGE HYBRIDS TWO-YEAR AVERAGES , 1988 Dry Silage % Dry Plant Hybrid or Matter Yield Matter Height Population Brand-Hybrid Tons/A Tons/A at Harvest Inches Plants/Acre Z ,000 Deltapine ,000 Funk's G ,000 Pioneer ,500 Z 52W ,500 Pioneer ,000 Jacques ,000 Pioneer ,000 DeKalb DK ,750 Cargill ,000 Coker ,000 SS 950W ,000 NK PX ,000

33 Table 19. Average performance of corn silage hybrids Dry Silage % Dry Plant Hybrid or Matter Yield Matter Height Population Brand-Hybrid Tons/A Tons/A at Harvest Inches Plants/Acre Z ** ,000 +Funk's 8018X 6.8* ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Oeltapine * ,000 Funk's G * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Crist C * ,000 Jacques * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Coker * ,000 Coker * ,000 NK S * ,000 Crist C-7118V 6.1* ,000 Z 52W 6.1* ,000 Pioneer * ,000 DeKalb DK * ,500 SS 950W ,000 Jacques ,000 Pioneer ,000 +SS ,000 Cargill ,000 Coker ,000 NK PX ,000 Pioneer ,000 NK PX ,000 SS 814V ,000 +Crist 927X ,000 OeKalb DK ,500 Mean 6.0 C.V. (% ) 18.8 BLSO (K-50) 1.3 s.e. 0.6 Error d.f. 27 **Highest yielder. *Not significantly different from highest yielder. +Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor many not be available in 1989.

34 30 Table 20. Average performance of corn silage hybrids at Haywood County Hybrid or Brand-Hybrid Dry Matter Tons/A Silage Yield Tons/A % Dry Matter at Harvest Plant Height Inches Population Plants/Acre Z 27 Pioneer Coker 8690 Deltapine 5750 Crist C-8119 Z 52W +Funk's 8018X Funk's G-4743 Pioneer 3140 Pioneer 3192 Pioneer 3147 Crist C-7118V Jacques 8400 DeKalb DK689 Jacques 8250 SS 950W NK PX9646 Cargill 9427 Coker 8701 NK S-8645 Pioneer 3165 Coker SS Crist 927X NK PX95 SS 814V Pioneer 3187 DeKalb DK ** ' III ,000 27,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 24,000 24,000 26,000 27,000 27,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,500 26,000 20,000 24,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 21,000 26,000 26,000 21,000 27,000 26,500 Mean 7.1 C.v. (%) 7.6 BLSD (K-50) 0.6 s.e. 0.3 Error d.f. 76 **Highest yielder. +Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor may not be available in 1989 and may have a different designation.

35 31 Table 21. Average performance of corn silage hybrids at Rowan County Dry Silage % Dry Plant Hybrid or Matter Yield Matter Height Population Brand-Hybrid Tons/A Tons/A at Harvest Inches Plants/Acre Pioneer ** ,000 +Funk's 8018X 5.8* ,000 Coker * ,000 NK S * ,000 Jacques * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Funk's G * ,000 Z * ,000 Pioneer ,000 +SS ,000 Deltapine ,000 Pioneer ,000 Crist C-7118V ,000 Crist C ,000 DeKalb DK ,500 SS 950W ,000 Pioneer ,000 Coker ,000 Jacuqes ,000 Cargill ,000 Z 52W ,000 Pioneer ,000 NK PX ,000 NK PX ,000 Coker ,000 DeKalb DK ,500 SS 814V ,000 +Crist 927X ,000 Mean 4.9 C.V. (% ) 11.7 BLSD (K-50) 0.7 s.e. 0.3 Error d.f. 76 **Highest yielder. *Not significantly different from highest yielder. +Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor may not be available in 1989 and may have a different designation.

36 32 GRAIN SORGHUM The majority of the grain sorghum in North Carolina is grown in the Piedmont with increasing acreage being grown in the Coastal Plain. In the Piedmont it is generally grown as a full-season crop while it is often double-cropped behind small grain or potatoes in the Coastal Plain. Entries: Any individual or firm may make application for having entries tested. A fee is charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may also include entries about which further information is desired. Table 22. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1988 North Carolina Grain Sorghum Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hyrids in the trials. Agencies and Contact Person Cargill Hybrid Seeds Michael Cordonnier DeKalb-Pfizer Genetics Jeff Tyler Funk Seed International Bob Logan Hyperformer Seed Company Al Hoggard Northrup King Company Larry Brown Address P. O. Box 9493 Minneapolis Minnesota Route 2 Lubbock, Texas E. 50th St. Lubbock, Texas Poplar Suite 3200 Memphis, Tenn Route 3, Box 265 LaGrange, N.C Designation Cargill DEKALB Funk's HSC NK Savanna 5 Pennington Enterprises, Inc. P. O. Box 290 Ronnie Stapp Madison Georgia Penngrain

37 33 Table 22. (Continued) Agencies and Contact Person Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc. Paul Rodgers Southern States Cooperative, Inc. Howard Tabor Address 1000 W. Jefferson St. Tipton, Indiana P. O. Box Richmond Virginia Designation Pioneer SS FFR Test Locations: Three full-season tests were located in the Piedmont and one in the Coastal Plain. (Figure 1). Field Plot Technique: A randomized, complete block design was used with four replications at each test. Plots were two rows 23 feet long on a 38" or 30" row width. Plots were overseeded and thinned to 5-6 plants per foot if necessary. Cultural practices are shown in Table 23. Table 24 lists soil test results. Seasonal Conditions: Soil moisture was adequate at most locations during planting. The test in Rowan county was irrigated twice in June and July for a total of 1.16 inches. Rainfall data for four locations are reported below: Rainfall (inches) Location Sepby County May June July August tember Granville Washington Rowan Stanly Data: Data were collected on yield, moisture at harvest, head compactness, head exsertion, and plant height. All plot yields were adjusted to 14% moisture and reported in pounds per acre. A description of head type was determined and indicated

38 34 with "1" denoting a compact head and "3" denoting a loose head. Head exsertion was measured as the distance from the top leaf to the base of the head; this distance gives an indication of the ease with which grain sorghum may be harvested without leaves and plant material hindering the operation. Results: Table 25 shows the three year and two year averages. Table 26 shows the 1988 data combined over locations, while Table 27 shows the individual location yield data. Performance of hybrids appeared to vary across locations and resulted in no difference in yield when analyzed across locations (Table 27).

39 Table 23. Cultural practices on grain sorghum performance trials, Location Fertilizer Side-dressing Date of Date of by County Lbs/A and Grade Lbs N/A planting Harvest Granville May 13 September Rowan May 2 September Stanly May 2 September Washington May 16 September

40 Table 24. Soil test results, grain sorghum Location by County HM % W-V CEC as Ac ph P-I K-I Ca % Mg % Mn-I Z'n-I Cu-I Granville Stanly w 0'\ Washington Rowan

41 TABLE 25. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR GRAIN SORGHUM. 37 HEAD PLANT HYBRID OR YIELD COM- EXSERTION HEIGHT BRAND-HYBRID LBS/A MOISTURE PACTNESS INCHES INCHES THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1987, 1988 PIONEER NK CARGILL R CARGILL DRl S FUNK'S G FFR TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1988 PIONEER SS NK PENNGRAIN D.R FUNK'S G-522DR CARGILL CARGILL R HSC WINGS SS CARGILL DRl HSC CHEROKEE SS CARGILL FUNK'S G FFR

42 38 TABLE 26. GRAIN SORGHUM DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS HEAD PLANT HYBRID OR YIELD COM- EXSERTION HEIGHT BRAND-HYBRID LBS/A MOISTURE PACTNESS INCHES INCHES SS FUNK'S G-522DR NK SAVANNA PIONEER OEKALB DK CARGILL CARGILL RI HSC WINGS SS PENNGRAIN D.R FFR PIONEER CARGILL HSC CHEROKEE FUNK'S G SS PIONEER CARGtLL DRl DEKALB DK BIRD RESISTANT

43 39 TABLE 27. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION YIELD DATA FOR GRAIN SORGHUM-1988 HYBRID OR BRAND-HYBRID STANLY GRAN VILLE WASH INGTON ROWAN MEAN SS 174 FUNK'S G-522DR NK 2660 SAVANNA 5 PIONEER 8333 DEKALB DK49 CARGILL 6670 CARGILL RI090 HSC WINGS SS 1212 PENNGRAIN D.R. FFR 321 PIONEER 8222 CARGILL 70 HSC CHEROKEE FUNK'S G-1711 SS 1313 PIONEER 8230 CARGILL DRl125 DEKALB DK ** 3353* 2940* 3064* 3545* 3094* 3074* 2883* 2837* 2935* 2761* 2764* 2531* 3048* 2866* 2783* 3223* 2797* 2694* 2554* * 2214* 2442** * 2194* 2068* 2091* * * * * ** 4782* * * 4615* 4651* * 3482* 4174** 3178* 3309* 3189* 3626* 3020* 3541* 3720* 3454* 3084* 2959* 2882* 2694* 2799* 2718* 2732* 2968* 3053* 3488** 3480* 3444* 3418* 3380* 3320* 3265* 3194* 3187* 3176* 3142* 3074* MEAN C. V. (%) BLSD (K-50) s.e. ERROR d.f NS NS

44 40 SOYBEANS There are several high-yielding soybean varieties available to the producer from which he may choose according to desired maturity date, lodging, pest resistance, etc. Information on the performance of commercial varieties and experimental lines grown in different locations in the state is provided in this report. Entries: Experimental lines and commercial varieties developed by both public and private agencies are included in this program. Any individual or firm may make application for having entries included. A fee is charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may include entries about which further information is desired. Agencies sponsoring entries in the tests and their contact person, address, and entry designation are listed below. Table 28. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1988 North Carolina Soybean Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids in the trials. Agency and Contact Person AgraTech Seeds, Inc. Jim Payne Asgrow Seed Company William Dimond Clemson University Emerson Shipe Delta & Pine Land Co. Tom vvofford Address R.R. 1, Box 76A McCordsville Indiana Portage Road Kalamazoo Michigan Agronomy and Soils Clemson, s.c Herring Avenue Wilson, N.C Designation AgraTech Asgrow Perrin Deltapine

45 41 Table 28. (Continued) Agency and Contact Person Hyperformer Seed Co. Al Hoggard Jacob Hartz Seed Co. Curtis Williams Northrup King Co. Larry Brown N. C. Agric. Res. Sere and USDA Joe Burton Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc. Paul Rodgers Southern States Cooperative, Inc. Howard J. Tabor Address 5100 Poplar Suite 3200 Memphis Tennessee P. O. Box 946 Stuttgart Arkansas Route 3, Box 265 LaGrange, N.C Raleigh, N.C W. Jefferson St. Tipton, Indiana P. O. Box Richmond Virginia Designation Shenandoah HSC Starr HB Sampson Wilstar Hartz NK N Pioneer FFR H. J. Underwood Co, Inc. P. O. Box 436 Richard H. Underwood Clinton, N.C E.H.J.U. Test Locations: Five full-season tests were located in the Coastal Plain with one in the Piedmont; three lateplanted tests were located also in the Coastal Plain and one in the Piedmont. Data: Data were collected on yield, moisture, lodging, and plant height. Yields were calculated on plot weight and adjusted to 14% moisture. Lodging was scored on a scale of 1-5 with "I" being no lodging and "5" being completely