This information is presented under authority granted the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service to conduct performance tests, including

Transcription

1 This information is presented under authority granted the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service to conduct performance tests, including interpretation of data to the public, and does not imply endorsement or recommendation by North Carolina State University. Any use of data or information presented in this bulletin must be accompanied by conspicuous disclaimer which states, "endorsement or recommendation by North Carolina State University is not implied."

2 Research Report No. 139 December, 1992 Part I Corn Hybrids Part II Corn Silage Part III Cotton Part IV Soybeans 1992 Daryl Bowman, Professor In Charge of Variety Testing Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Comparing Hybrids and varieties 2 Figure 1. Location of Official Variety Tests 5 Cooperators CORN HYBRIDS Entries Table 1. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies Field Plot Technique Seasonal Conditions Data Results Table 2. CuItural Practices Table 3. Soil Test Results Tables Three, Two and One-Year Data CORN SILAGE 28 Entries Table 16. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies 28 Field Plot Technique Table 17. Cultural Practices Table 18. Soil Test Results Seasonal Conditions Data Results Tables Three, Two, and One-Year Data

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS COTTON 36 Entries 36 Table 24. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies Test Locations 37 Data 38 Seasonal Conditions 38 Results 38 Table 25. Cultural Practices 39 Tables Three, two, and one year data SOYBEANS. 62 Entries 62 Table 40. Name and contact person for sponsoring agencies 62 Test Locations 65 Data 65 Seasonal Conditions 66 Results 66 Table 41. Cultural Practices 67 Table 42. Soil Test Results 69 Tables Three, Two and One-Year Data

5 1 PERFORMANCE OF CORN HYBRIDS, CORN SILAGE, COTTON AND SOYBEANS IN NORTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION with the large number of commercially available and prospective hybrids and varieties of corn, cotton, and soybeans, it becomes difficult for growers to select a superior variety suited for their particular area of the state and their individual farming operations. To make this decision, the growers need up-to-date, unbiased, reliable information. The Official variety Testing Program, through this report, seeks to provide that type of information. ' The first section of this report is concerned with corn hybrids in all production areas of the state. The second section deals with corn silage. The third section covers data on cotton and the fourth part covers soybeans. Each part is complete in that it contains information on experimental procedure, locations of the tests, a discussion of the data for 1992,2 as well as summary tables for the past two and three years. 'The Official Variety Testing Program recognizes the cooperative spirit and civic-minded service rendered by the farmers who have furnished, prepared, and cultivated the land for these trials. Research technicians, Dwight Parrish, Ken Barnes, Ronnie Jeffreys Johnny Denton, John Horton, and Mark Langdon assisted in conducting these tests. Carey Parsons prepared the text for this bulletin. 2Statistical analyses were made in the statistical Laboratory and Computing Center under the supervision of Dr. John o. Rawlings by Mrs. Sandra Donaghy.

6 2 It is hoped that the organization of this bulletin will provide data in a complete form to those interested in the various crops. Growers are cautioned against making varietal selection decisions based on an individual location in anyone year. True varietal performance may have been masked by the unusual weather conditions experienced at anyone location or anyone growing season. comparing Hybrids and varieties Performance of a hybrid or variety cannot be tested with absolute precision. Even though the tests are conducted in a uniform manner, as much as possible, uncontrollable variability exists among experimental plots due to soil type, fertility, moisture, insects, diseases, and other sources of variation. Because this variability exists, statistics are used as a tool to determine differences among hybrids and varieties. The size of difference among hybrids or varieties which may have been due to chance variation is listed in each table as the L.S.D. (least significant difference) and those hybrids or varieties which do not differ by more than the L.S.D. are statistically not different. Those hybrids or varieties that do differ by more than the L.S.D. are statistically different. The Bayes L.S.D. at the K-ratio of 50 (approximately.10 level of probability) was used. The coefficient of variability (C.V.) is listed as a general indicator of population variability; it does not, however, always indicate level of precision. The standard error of the mean (s. e. )

7 3 is listed as a general indicator of precision since it reveals how well the true mean was estimated. The formula for the s.e. is the square root of the error variance divided by the square root of the number of replications. The error degrees of freedom (Error d.f.) used to test varieties or hybrids is listed along with the mean of the test. Hybrid or varietal performance may appear inconsistent among locations within an area or among years in a particular area, thus it is important for the reader to examine results from more than one location or more than one year at a particular location to obtain a more accurate picture of relative hybrid or varietal performance. An effort has been made to facilitate comparisons among locations and across years in this report. The hybrids or varieties which do not yield significantly less than the highest yielder are denoted by an asterisk(*) next to their yields; the highest yielder is denoted by a double asterisk (**) next to its yield. The relative performance of a hybrid or variety across locations within an area can be easily evaluated by going across the table; those hybrids or varieties which are most frequently marked by an asterisk would be highly desirable. other agronomic characteristics may be as equally important as yield. It is suggested that the grower plant a small number of acres in a new variety or hybrid when first determining if it is adapted to his farm. Research conducted at North Carolina state University and several other universities has consistently shown a significant

8 4 yield advantage where professionally grown/certified seed is used rather than "farmer saved" or "brown bagged" seed. These tests were planted with professionally grown/certified seed provided by the sponsoring agencies. Farmers who use inferior seed sources can expect accompanying decreases in performance.

9 LOCATION OF OFFICIAL VARIETY TEST NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE sr()(es I IOCKINGHAM 01 CORN TEST CORN SILAGE TEST ~ COTTON TEST e SOYBEAN TEST

10 6 COOPERATORS 1992 Bertie county, steve Barnes, superintendent, Peanut Belt Research station, Lewiston, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, John Thomson, cooperating. Guilford County, John and Lawrence Ward, McLeansville, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, wick wickliffe cooperating. Johnston County, San Wood Farms, Route 2, Four Oaks, N.C. AgricUltural Extension Agent, Eric Spalding, cooperating. Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. Rowan County, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C., Raymond Coltrain, superintendent, AgricUltural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. sampson county, Fred Cumbo, Superintendent, Horticultural Crops Research Station, Clinton, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, Dan Bailey, cooperating. washington County, Tidewater Research Station, John Smith, Superintendent. AgricUltural Extension Agent, Frank Winslow, cooperating. Corn Silage Haywood county, Mountain Research Station, Bill Teague, Superintendent, Waynesville, N.C., County Extension Director Steven West, cooperating. Rowan County, Raymond Coltrain, Superintendent, Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. Soybeans Bertie County, Steve Barnes, Superintendent, Peanut Belt Research Station, Lewiston, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, John Thomson, cooperating. Columbus County, Ty Marshall, Superintendent, Border Belt Tobacco Research Station, Whiteville, N.C., AgriCUltural Extension Agent, Michael Shaw, cooperating. Edgecombe County, Clyde Bogle, Superintendent, Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mount, N.C. AgriCUltural Extension Agent, Art Bradley, cooperating. Lenoir county, Sandy Barnes, superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. stanly County, Dale Burleson, Route 3, Box 714, Albemarle, N.C., Agricultural Extension Agent, Jim Monroe, cooperating. washington County, J. W. Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C. AgriCUltural Extension Agent, Art Bradley, cooperating.

11 7 Late Test After Small Grain Edgecombe county, Clyde Bogle, Superintendent, Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mount, N.C. Agricultural Extension Agent, Art Bradley, cooperating. Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Kinston, N.C., County Extension Director, Johnnie Jones, cooperating. Rowan county, Raymond Coltrain, Superintendent, Piedmont Research station, Salisbury, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, Kevin Fisher, cooperating. washington county, John Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N.C. AgricUltural Extension Agent, Frank Winslow, cooperating. Cotton Bertie County, Steve Barnes, Superintendent, Peanut Belt Research Station, Box 220, Lewiston, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, John Thomson, cooperating. Edgecombe county, Clyde Bogle, Superintendent, Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mount, N.C. AgricUltural Extension Agent, Art Bradley, cooperating. Johnston County, George Clark, Superintendent, Central Crops Research Station, Box 303, Clayton, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, Eric Spalding, cooperating. Sampson County, Gene west, P. O. Box 526, Newton Grove, N.C., County Extension Agent, Bill Ellers, cooperating. Scotland County, T. G. Gibson, Pa O. Box 165, Gibson, N.C., AgricUltural Extension Agent, Dave Morrison, cooperating.

12 8 CORN HYBRIDS The performance of various corn hybrids in different areas of the state depends on their adaptation to the environmental conditions within the area. The performance of hybrids across the state of North Carolina is reported in this bulletin. Entries: Any individual or firm may make application for having hybrids tested. A fee is charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may also include entries about which further information is desired. Early in January each year, rules governing the tests for the ensuing year are distributed to all previous participants and to those who make inquiry. Agencies or individuals entering hybrids in the Official Variety Tests were requested to designate the population and maturity range desired. Because of this, some hybrids may not appear to be in the correct maturity group. Agencies sponsoring entries in the 1992 tests are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1992 North Carolina Corn Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids. Name and Contact Person AqraTech Seeds, Inc. Scott Williams Address 5559 N. 500W. McCordsville Indiana Hybrid Designation AgraTech

13 9 Table 1. (Continued) Name and Contact Person Address Hybrid Designation AgriGene Seed Research Kelly Montgomery Asgrow Seed Company Duane Hosch Augusta Seed Dennis Rawley AVA Associates, Inc. Gary Beggs Cargill Seeds John Carlson ciba Geigy Seed Div. Gordon Johnson DeKalb Plant Genetics Diane Freeman Delta' Pine Land Co. John Thomas RR 2, Box 3A Ames, Iowa P. O. Box 460 Parkersburg Iowa Route 2, Box 16B Mt. Solon, Va Route 2, Box 1201 Sikeston, Mo P. O. Box 5645 Minneapolis Minnesota P. O. Box Greensboro, N.C Sycamore Road DeKalb Illinois P. o. Box 157 Scott Mississippi McCurdy Asgrow RX RX 911 RX 919 Augusta A413 A505 A513 A514 A560 A605 A613 AVA 2817 X858 Cargill Ciba-Geigy DeKalb OK Oeltapine OP 5750

14 10 Table 1. (continued) Name and Contact Person Hyperformer Al Hoggard ICI Seeds. Inc. Christopher Hummel Jacques Seed Company Jay Jensen Address 6075 Poplar Avenue suite 500 Memphis, Tenn Route 3 Bowling Green Missouri st. Croix Prescott Wisconsin Hybrid Designation HyPerformer HS Garst 8105 Garst 8250 Sunbelt 1860 Jacques Northrup King company Carroll Oakes Pioneer Hi-Bred International. Inc. Paul Rodgers Seed Source. Inc. John Green Southern States coop. G. W. Barber P. O. Box 249 Grifton N.C North American Seed Division 1000 W. Jefferson st. Tipton, Indiana th Street Leland, Miss W. Broad st. P. O. Box Richmond, Va NK N8727 N8811 S8645 Pioneer W X1811 X1812 X1813 X7702RP USN 314 UTN 318 SS V

15 11 Table 1. (Continued) Name and Contact Person Address Hybrid Designation Terra International Harold Davis Terra Centre 600 Fourth street sioux City, Iowa Terra TR E united Aqri Products Harold Bailey P. O. Box 534 Athens, Alabama DynaGro Field Plot Technique: Eight tests were located across the state. The various locations are shown in Figure 1. Two tests were located in Washington County--one on an organic soil and one on a mineral soil. Early-maturing corn hybrids (less than 110 days to maturity) are included in six tests in the Coastal Plain and Tidewater areas of the state. The medium-maturing (approximately 110 to 120 days to maturity) and the late-maturing (over 120 days to maturity) hybrids are included in all eight locations. It is important to remember that these are loose groupings, i.e. some hybrids may easily fit into either of two maturity groups due to their being on the borderline. Table 2 lists the cultural practices used and Table 3 lists the soil tests results. In field design a randomized block was used on all maturity groups. Each plot consisted of two rows 22 feet long with a 30, 38, or 36" row width. The two rows were harvested for yield. Al1 7y width was six feet.

16 12 In 1992, all tests were planted to a stand at a rate of the desired plant population. Seasonal Conditions: Planting was on schedule (Table 2). Corn grew well despite below average temperatures. Above-average temperatures were experienced the first part of July. conditions were favorable for corn production. Overall, Rainfall data at several locations reveal the type of season experienced in Rainfall (Inches) Location by County April May June JUly August Johnston Lenoir Rowan Sampson Washington The Bertie county test was discarded due to fertilizer damage. Early and late maturity hybrids were discarded at the organic soil test site in Washington county due to bear and deer damage. The late maturity hybrids were discarded at Rowan. The medium maturity was discarded at Guilford county due to high variability. Data: Data were collected on yield, moisture, lodging, ear height, and stands. All plot yields were adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Lodging percentage was determined by observing all plants broken below the ear or leaning more than 45 degrees. Ear height was determined by measuring the distance from the ground to the node where the ear is attached to the stalk. Stand counts were reported in plants/acre.

17 13 Results: Seedling vigor data are shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6. The cool weather resulted in differences among hybrids for percent stand when the cool test and standard germination tests did not. Yield and performance data for the early-maturing hybrids are shown in Tables 7, 8, and 9. All entries were tested at the same number of locations; three year averages include 15 locations and two-year averages include 11 locations. Yields were average or above average at all locations in 1992 (Table 9). Data for medium-maturing hybrids are shown in Tables 10, 11, and 12. Three-year averages include 19 locations while two-year averages include 14 locations. Tables 11 and 12 reveal 1992 data. Yields were average or above average at all locations in 1992 (Table 12). In Table 12 the test site labeled Washington HM indicates the test was on an organic soil. Jacques 9220 leads the late-maturing hybrids after two and three years (Table 13). This hybrid leads the group in yield in 1992 with 155 bushels per acre (Tables 14 and 15).

18 Table 2. Cultural practices used at each corn test location Fertilizer Date Date Location Lbs/A Sidedressing of of Soil by County and Grade Lbs NIA Planting Harvest Type Guilford April 8 September 15 Enon fine sandy loam Johnston 70 lbsln 95 April 7 September 18 Norfolk 200 lbs. and 22 sandy loam Lenoir April 1 September 3 Lynchburg sandy loam Rowan April 14 October 2 Hiwassee clay loam to-' ~ SamDson April 6 September 4 Norfolk and Goldsboro sandy loam Washinqton April 15 September 9 Portsmouth fine sandy loam Washinqton HM April 15 September 10 Portsmouth fine sandy 248 loam

19 Table 3. Soil test results, corn Location by County HM% W-V CEC BS % Ac ph P-I K-I Ca % Mg % Mn-I Zn-I cu-i Guilford Johnston Lenoir , U1 Rowan SamDson Washington washington HM

20 16 Table 4. Percent of desired stand for early-maturing hybrids planted March 13, 1992 at Clinton, N.C. Hybrid or Cold Test Germination Brand-Hybrid 1992 %!i- 0 Ag America AgraTech AgraTech AgraTech Asgrow RX Asgrow RX Augusta A Augusta A Augusta A Augusta A Augusta A Augusta A Augusta A Cargill Ciba-Geigy DeKalb DK DeKalb DK646 Deltapine 4581 Deltapine 8620 DynaGro 5510 Hyperformer HS9773 Hyperformer HS9843 Hyperformer HS9502 Hyperformer HS Jacques 7970 McCurdy 7477 Pioneer 3281W Pioneer 3215 Pioneer 3245 Pioneer Pioneer X1811 SS Mean C.V. (%) B.L.S.D. (K-50) s.e. Error d.f Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor may not be available next year and may have a different designation.

21 17 Table 5. Percent of desired stand for medium-maturing hybrids planted March 13, 1992 at Clinton, N.C. Hybrid or Cold Test Germination Brand-Hybrid 1992 ~ 0 ~ 0 Ag America Ag America AgraTech Asgrow RX Asgrow RX AVA cargill Ciba-Geigy Ciba-Geigy DeKalb DK DeKalb DK DeKalb DK DeKalb DK Deltapine DP Deltapine DynaGro DynaGro Garst Hyperformer HS Hyperformer HS Jacques McCurdy NK S Pioneer Pioneer Pioneer Pioneer X Pioneer X Pioneer SS Sunbelt Terra TRl USN UTN Mean C.V. (%) B.L.S.D. (K-50) s.e. Error d.f Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor may not be available next year and may have a different designation.

22 18 Table 6. Percent of desired stand for late-maturing hybrids planted March 13, 1992 at Clinton, N.C. Hybrid or Cold Test Germination Brand-Hybrid 1992 % ~ 0 Ag America AgraTech Cargill Ciba-Geigy Garst Hyperformer HS Jacques McCurdy NK N NK N Pioneer X7702RP Pioneer Pioneer SS 943V Terra TR700E Terra TRl Mean C.V. (%) B.L.S.D. (K-SO) s.e. Error d.f Experimental. Seed of these hybrids mayor may not be available next year and may have a different designation.

23 19 TABLE 7. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1991, 1992 Pioneer ,688 Augusta A ,095 AgraTech ,902 Augusta A ,384 Augusta A ,295 McCurdy ,243 Augusta A ,434 TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1992 Pioneer ,169 SS ,611 AgraTech ,947 Augusta A ,807 Hyperformer HS ,472 Augusta A ,169 Augusta A ,349 McCurdy ,880 Hyperformer HS ,910 Augusta A ,468 AgraTech ,893 Augusta A ,525 Pioneer ,874 Augusta A ,060 Deltapine ,279 Pioneer 3281W ,113

24 20 TABLE 8. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A ~ I) IN POPULATION AgraTech ,908 +Pioneer X ,018 Augusta A ,845 DeKalb DK ,875 Pioneer ,555 AgraTech ,996 Hyperformer HS ,739 Ag America ,040 Jacques ,774 SS ,960 Hyperformer HS ,483 AgraTech ,834 Augusta A ,500 Hyperformer HS ,410 Ciba-Geigy ,231 Augusta A ,038 McCurdy ,470 Augusta A ,332 DeKalb DK ,038 Augusta A ,634 DynaGro ,589 Pioneer ,482 Pioneer ,511 Asgrow RX ,472 Deltapine ,947 Augusta A ,814 Asgrow RX ,379 Cargill ,679 Augusta A ,277 Hyperformer HS ,815 Pioneer 3281W ,257 Deltapine ,975 +EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

25 TABLE 9. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR BRAND-HYBRID WASH INGTON JOHN- LENOIR SAMP- MEAN STON SON AgraTech 787 +Pioneer X1811 Augusta A513 DeKalb DK646 Pioneer 3245 AgraTech 825 Hyperformer HS 9843 Ag America 6250 Jacques 7970 SS 793 Hyperformer HS 9773 AgraTech 757 Augusta A613 Hyperformer HS 9704 Ciba-Geigy 4583 Augusta A560 McCurdy 7477 Augusta A413 DeKalb DK633 Augusta A514 DynaGro 5510 Pioneer 3394 Pioneer 3215 Asgrow RX899 Deltapine 8620 Augusta A505 Asgrow RX745 Cargill 7997 Augusta A605 Hyperformer HS 9502 Pioneer 3281W Deltapine ** ** 179* 173* 176* * 179* 176* 185* 182* 174* 173* 173* 178* 180* 173* * * 176* 177* 184** * ** * 170* * ** ** Mean C.v. (%) BLSD (K-50) s.e. Error d.f **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

26 TABLE DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR MEDIUM MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1991, 1992 McCurdy ,847 AgraTech ,523 Pioneer ,647 NK S ,126 DeKalb DK ,565 Deltapine DP ,187 Jacques ,826 Pioneer ,997 Hyperformer HS ,773 Asgrow RX ,155 DeKalb DK ,318 DeKalb DK ,933 Pioneer ,291 Garst ,027 TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1992 DeKalb DK ,563 McCurdy ,492 AgraTech ,531 NK S ,997 Pioneer ,680 DeKalb DK ,501 Deltapine DP ,770 ciba-geigy ,643 Jacques ,746 Pioneer ,871 Hyperformer HS ,906 DeKalb DK ,548 DeKalb DK ,752 Asgrow RX ,980 Pioneer ,405 DynaGro ,139 SS ,393 Ciba-Geigy ,464 Garst ,555 +UTN ,761 Pioneer ,706 +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THIS HYBRID MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

27 23 TABLE 11. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR MEDIUM MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION Ag America ,951 +Pioneer X ,105 DeKalb DK ,672 Cargill ,085 Pioneer ,971 Terra TRl ,827 McCurdy ,662 NK S ,425 AgraTech ,198 DeKalb DK ,549 DeKalb DK ,291 DynaGro ,951 AVA ,786 Pioneer ,054 Asgrow RX ,291 Ag America ,549 Hyperformer HS ,580 SS ,033 Deltapine DP ,435 Deltapine ,755 Ciba-Geigy ,930 Jacques ,394 DeKalb DK ,136 DynaGro ,002 Hyperformer HS ,188 +Pioneer X ,806 Garst ,157 Asgrow RX ,291 Pioneer ,311 Sunbelt ,693 Ciba-Geigy ,765 +UTN ,260 +AVA X ,559 +USN ,064 Pioneer ,126 +EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION

28 TABLE 12. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR MEDIUM MATURING HYBRIDS WASH- HYBRID OR WASH- INGTON JOHN- SAMP- BRAND-HYBRID INGTON HM STON LENOIR SON ROWAN MEAN Ag America * * 186* 152** 116* 160** +Pioneer X * 157* 182* 182* 141* 131* 160** DeKalb DK * 154* * 149* 122* 156* Cargill * * 175* * 153* Pioneer * * 153* Terra TR * 144* 133* 153* McCurdy * 184* 146* 136** 153* NK S * * 120* 152* AgraTech * 134* 126* 152* DeKalb DK * * 140* 124* 152* DeKalb DK ** ** * 150* DynaGro * 121* 150* AVA * * 114* 149 Pioneer * * Asgrow RX * * 149 Ag America * 148 Hyperformer HS * 133* 148 SS * 135* 147 Deltapine DP * 147 Deltapine ** * Ciba-Geigy * 116* 146 Jacques * DeKalb DK ** * DynaGro * * 143 Hyperformer HS * 113* 142 +Pioneer X * 142 Garst * 141 Asgrow RX * Pioneer Sunbelt * Ciba-Geigy * 139 UTN * AVA X USN Pioneer Mean C.V. (%) BLSD (K-50) s.e Error d.f **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

29 25 TABLE 13. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR LATE MATURING HYBRIDS. HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUS/A % IN POPULATION THREE YEAR AVERAGE , 1991, 1992 Jacques ,209 Pioneer ,079 Cargill ,788 NK N ,649 Pioneer ,730 TWO YEAR AVERAGE , 1992 Jacques ,741 Pioneer ,056 NK N ,860 AgraTech ,256 Terra TRl ,711 Cargill ,349 McCurdy ,976 Garst ,790 Pioneer ,545

30 26 TABLE 14. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR LATE MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR YIELD MOISTURE LODGING EAR HT PLANT BRAND-HYBRID BUSjA ~ 0 IN POPULATION Jacques ,004 Pioneer ,057 +Terra TR700E ,420 Ag America ,956 NK N ,776 AgraTech ,745 SS 943V ,710 Hyperformer HS ,707 NK N ,741 Terra TRl ,272 Ciba-Geigy ,590 Cargill ,609 McCurdy ,698 Garst ,124 Pioneer ,416 +Pioneer X7702RP ,567 +EXPERIMENTALS. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY ALSO HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION

31 TABLE 15. INDIVIDUAL LOCATION DATA FOR LATE MATURING HYBRIDS HYBRID OR WASH- JOHN- LENOIR SAMP- GUIL- MEAN BRAND-HYBRID INGTON STON SON FORD Jacques * 200** * ** Pioneer ** 197* * 151* +Terra TR700E 151* ** 148* NK N * * 141* * AgraTech ** 149** * SS 943V * 138* * Hyperformer HS * * * NK N * Terra TRl * 137 Ciba-Geigy * Cargill * McCurdy Garst Pioneer Pioneer X7702RP Mean C.V. (%) BLSD (K-50) s.e Error d.f **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

32 28 CORN SILAGE silage is an important part of the beef and dairy cattle industry in North Carolina, particularly in the Piedmont and Mountain regions. The report presents the results of the North Carolina Official Corn Silage trials for the 1992 season. Entries: Any individual or firm may make application for having hybrids tested. Personnel of the testing program may also include entries about which further information is desired. Early in January each year, rules governing the tests for the ensuing year are distributed to all previous participants and to those who make inquiry. Table 16. Agencies sponsoring entries in the 1992 tests are shown in Table 16. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1992 North Carolina Corn Silage Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids in the trials. Name, Contact Person and Address Augusta Seed Company Dennis Rawley Route 2, Box 16B Mt. Solon, Va ciba Geigy Seed Division Gordon Johnson P. o. Box Greensboro, NC Hybrid Designation Augusta A413 A403AA Ciba-Geigy 4820

33 29 Table 16. (Continued). Name, Contact Person and Address Hybrid Designation DeKalb-Plant Genetics Diane Freeman 3100 Sycamore Road DeKalb, Illinois Hyperformer Seed Company Al Hoggard 6075 Poplar Suite 500 Memphis, Tennessee ICI Seeds. Inc. Christopher Hummel Route 3 Bowling Green, Missouri Jacques Seed Company Jay Jensen 720 st. Croix Street Prescott, Wisconsin Northrup King Company Carroll Oakes P. O. Box 249 Grifton, N.C Pioneer Hi-Bred. Inc. Paul Rodgers 1000 W. Jefferson Street Tipton, Indiana Southern States G. W. Barber 6606 W. Broad Street P. o. Box Richmond, Va DEKALB DK 743 Hyperformer HS Garst 8315 Sunbelt 1860 Jacques 8410 NK Coker 77B NK McNair 508 NK N8811 Pioneer X1811 X1813 SS 883V 943V

34 30 Field Plot Technique: One test was located in Haywood County on an upland soil and one in Rowan County on an upland soil. Plots consisted of two rows with both rows harvested. Six replications at Haywood and Rowan were planted in a randomized, complete block design. Plots were 22 feet long with six foot alleys. All plots were overplanted and later thinned to the desired stand. Table 17 lists the cultural practices used; Table 18 lists soil test results. Table 17. Cultural practices used on the corn silage tests Fertilizer Date Date Location lbs/a and Soil of of by County Grade Type Planting Harvest Haywood 769 Dyke Clay May 28 October Rowan 430 Hiwassee April 14 August Clay Loam 145 lbs/n Sidedressing Table 18. Soil test results, corn silage Location by County HM w-v ~ 0 CEC BS ~ 0 Ac ph P-I Haywood Rowan

35 31 Table 18. (Continued). Location by county K-I Ca % Mg % MN-I Zn-I Cu-I Haywood Rowan Seasonal Conditions: The test at Rowan was planted close to the average date of planting, but delayed at Haywood (Table 17). Harvest was later than normal. Rainfall is revealed in the following table. Rainfall (Inches) Location Sepby County April May June July August tember *Haywood Rowan *Seven inches of snow in May at Waynesville. Data: Data were collected on percent dry matter at harvest, dry matter yield, silage yield, plant population and plant height. Results: Tables 19 and 20 reveal the two and three year averages. Table 21 lists the 1992 data averaged across locations while Tables 22 and 23 show individual location data. The multiple-year averages provide a more accurate picture of true performance than any single year or location can provide.

36 TABLE 19. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR CORN SILAGE HYBRIDS. THREE YEAR AVERAGES , 1991, HYBRID OR DRY SILAGE % DRY PLANT POPULATION BRAND-HYBRID MATTER YIELD MATTER HEIGHT PLANTS/ACRE TONSjA TONSjA AT HARVEST INCHES Ciba-Geigy ,000 Pioneer ,667 Pioneer ,667 TABLE 20. DATA COMBINED OVER LOCATIONS FOR CORN SILAGE HYBRIDS. TWO YEAR AVERAGES , HYBRID OR DRY SILAGE % DRY PLANT POPULATION BRAND-HYBRID MATTER YIELD MATTER HEIGHT PLANTS/ACRE TONSjA TONSjA AT HARVEST INCHES DeKalb DK ,000 Pioneer ,000 Pioneer ,000 NK McNair ,000 Augusta A403AA ,000 Pioneer ,000 Pioneer ,000 Ciba-Geigy ,000 Pioneer ,000 Augusta A ,750 NK Coker 77B ,000 SS 883V ,000

37 33 TABLE 21. AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF CORN SILAGE HYBRIDS HYBRID OR DRY SILAGE % DRY PLANT POPULATION BRAND-HYBRID MATTER YIELD MATTER HEIGHT PLANTS/ACRE TONSjA TONSjA AT HARVEST INCHES +Pioneer X ** ,000 DeKalb DK ** ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Augusta A403AA 6.0* ,000 NK McNair * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Jacques * ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 NK N * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Sunbelt * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Garst * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Ciba-Geigy * ,000 SS 943V 5.4* ,000 +Pioneer X * ,000 SS 883V 5.3* ,000 Augusta A * ,000 NK Coker 77B 5.2* ,000 MEAN 5.9 c.v. (%) 8.2 BLSD (K-50) NS s.e. 0.1 Error d.f. 24 **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

38 34 TABLE 22. AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF CORN SILAGE AT HAYWOOD COUNTY HYBRID OR DRY SILAGE % DRY PLANT POPULATION BRAND-HYBRID MATTER YIELD MATTER HEIGHT PLANTS/ACRE TONS/A TONS/A AT HARVEST INCHES Hyperformer HS ** ,000 Jacques * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 DeKalb DK * ,000 +Pioneer X * ,000 NK McNair * ,000 NK N * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 +Pioneer X * ,000 Hyperformer HS ,000 Pioneer ,000 Sunbelt ,000 Pioneer ,000 Pioneer ,000 Pioneer ,000 SS 883V ,000 Augusta A ,000 Garst ,000 Hyperformer HS ,000 Hyperformer HS ,000 Augusta A403AA ,000 SS 943V ,000 Ciba-Geigy ,000 NK Coker 77B ,000 MEAN 5.7 c.v. (%) 9.6 BLSD (K-50) 0.6 s.e. 0.2 Error d.f. 120 **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

39 TABLE 23. AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF CORN SILAGE AT ROWAN COUNTY HYBRID OR DRY SILAGE % DRY PLANT POPULATION BRAND-HYBRID MATTER YIELD MATTER HEIGHT PLANTS/ACRE TONS/A TONS/A AT HARVEST INCHES Hyperformer HS ** ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 +Pioneer X * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 DeKalb DK * ,000 Augusta A403AA 6.5* ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Hyperformer HS * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Ciba-Geigy * ,000 Pioneer * ,000 Garst ,000 Pioneer ,000 NK McNair ,000 Pioneer ,000 SS 943V ,000 Sunbelt ,000 Pioneer ,000 NK N ,000 Jacques ,000 NK Coker 77B ,000 Pioneer ,000 SS 883V ,000 Augusta A ,000 +Pioneer X ,000 MEAN 6.0 C.V (%) 16.7 BLSD (K-50) 1.2 s.e. 0.4 Error d.f. 117 **HIGHEST YIELDER. *NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM HIGHEST YIELDER. +EXPERIMENTAL. SEED OF THESE HYBRIDS MAY OR MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN 1993 AND MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT DESIGNATION.

40 36 COTTON Most cotton varieties sold in North Carolina were developed for cotton producing areas outside the state, therefore it is imperative that producers review performance data from within the state. The Official variety Testing Program, along with the Cotton Extension Program under Dr. Keith Edmisten, conduct variety tests on research stations as well as private growers' farms. This section of the Measured Crop Performance Bulletin will report data collected by the Official Variety Testing Program. Entries: Experimental lines and commercial varieties developed by both public and private agencies are included. Any individual or firm may make application for having entries included. A fee is charged on an entry basis. Agencies sponsoring entries in the tests and their contact person, address, and entry designation are listed below. Table 24. Name, contact person, and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1992 North Carolina Cotton Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the varieties or hybrids in the trials. Agency and Contact Person Address Designation Chembred, Verlin G. Inc. Boeder S. 51st street CB, CBX suite 205 Phoenix, Arizona Brownfield Seed and Delintinq P. O. Box 608 S Bob Dumas Brownfield, TX Delta & Pine Land Company Dr. Keith R. Jones P. o. Box Main street Scott, MS Deltapine DP, DES 119 DPX

41 37 Table 24. (Continued). Humco International. Inc. Henry Webb Hyperformer Seed Company Al Hoggard Seed Source. Inc. Dr. John M. Green Sure-Grow Research Earl Dykes stoneville Pediareed Seed company Don M. Jackson Terra International. Inc. Freddie M. Miller P. o. Box 608 Hartsville, SC Poplar suite 500 Memphis, Tenn th street Leland Mississippi P. o. Box Phoenix, AZ P. o. Box 167 stoneville Mississippi P. O. Box Memphis Tennessee Carolina HyPerformer HS, HB, S S8 Sure-Grow SGX ST, ST KC, ST Coker, Georgia King st La Terra University of Georgia Shelby Baker Coastal Plain Exp. Sta. Ga P. o. Box 748 Tifton, Georgia USDA-ARS Dr. o. Lloyd May P. o. Box 2131 Florence, S.C PD Test Locations: The four test locations included the Central Crops Research station near Clayton, the Upper Coastal Plain Research station near Rocky Mount, the Peanut Belt Research station near Lewiston and with Gene west near Spivey's Corner. A fifth test site, T. G. Gibson, Jr.'s farm near Gibson, N. C., was in a field infested with Columbia lance nematodes. At this test the varieties were grown under nematode-infested and nematode-free (treated) conditions.

42 38 Data: Data were collected on lint yield, lint percent, boll size, plant height, percent bolls opened, and the fiber properties UHM span length, uniformity index, T1 strength, and micronaire. Percent bolls opened was determined about three weeks prior to harvest and indicates relative maturity. Fiber properties were determined by HVI. Seasonal Conditions: Planting was slightly delayed at all locations because of cool weather and wet soil conditions (Table 25). The entire growing season was characterized by below normal temperatures. August was cloudy and rainy. Rainfall data are shown below. Edgecombe county site was irrigated (1.0") in July. Cool weather and frost caught some green bolls and reduced yields in late-maturing varieties. Harvest was later than normal (Table 25). Rainfall (Inches) Sep- Location May June July August tember Bertie Edgecombe Results: Soil test results are shown in Table 26. The test at Johnston county was discarded due to a poor stand. Three and two-year averages over all locations are shown in Tables 27 and 28. Please keep in mind that all cotton is classified by HVI (highvolume instrumentation). Premiums and discounts will be assessed depending on several lint quality traits. Two traits of major significance are lint strength and micronaire. For fiber strength, the base will be g/tex with a premium for strength above 26 g/tex and a discount for strength below 23 g/tex. The premium

43 39 range for micronaire will be ; discounts will be assessed for micronaire above 4.9; the base values will be and with this in mind, there are varieties with strength in the premium range as well as the base range (Table 27). No varieties had micronaire values in the premium range although many had values in the base range. Average performance across three locations for 1992 are shown in Table 29. Yields were fair to good. Fiber length and strength were good. On the other hand, micronaire values were high with many entries having values in the discount range. One-year, two-year, and three-year individual location data are shown in Tables The two-year table for Sampson county includes 1991 data collected at Wayne county (Table 37). There was a variety by location interaction and a variety by year interaction indicating that the varieties performed differently relative to each other from location to location and from year to year. Therefore, it is imperative that you, as a grower, plant a small number of acres of a new hybrid or variety when first determining if it is adapted to your farm. Table 25. cultural practices for cotton performance trials Location Fertilizer Soil Type Date of Planting Date of Harvest Bertie % N Norfolk sandy loam May 12 October 30

44 40 Table 25. (Continued). Soil Date of Date of Location Fertilizer Type Planting Harvest Edqecombe 400 Norfolk May 12 November sandy loam % N sampson 200 May 11 November % N 70 30% N Sulfur Mag Scotland 200 Norfolk May 6 October % N Table 26. Soil test results, cotton Location by County HM% W-V CEC BS AC ph Bertie Edgecombe Sampson Table 26. (Continued) Location by County P-I K-I Ca ~ 0 Mg % Mn-I Zn-I Cu-I Bertie Edgecombe Sampson

45 41 Performance of selected cotton varieties under Columbia lance nematode-infestation and nematode-free conditions are shown in Tables 38 and 39. Data are presented for yield under both conditions so that the growers may choose the variety -or varieties for their particular farming operation.

46 TABLE 27. THREE YEAR AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES.' VARIETY/HYBRID LINT LINT BOLL PLANT PERCENT UHM T1 MIKE OR BRAND YIELD ~ 0 SIZE HEIGHT BOLLS S. L. (G/TEX) VARIETY/HYBRID LB/ACRE (G/BOLL) INCHES OPENED (IN. ) Georgia King DES CB CB Deltapine Stoneville Coker PO HS 23 ~ N Deltapine Deltapine CB Deltapine Deltapine Stoneville KC HS stoneville Deltapine HS Salcot 'Average of three locations in 1992, in four locations in 1991, and three locations

47 TABLE 28. TWO YEAR AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF COTTON VARIETIES.' VARIETY/HYBRID LINT LINT BOLL PLANT PERCENT UHM T1 MIKE OR BRAND YIELD % SIZE HEIGHT BOLLS S.L. (G/TEX) VARIETY/HYBRID LB/ACRE (G/BOLL) INCHES OPENED (IN. ) -- Georgia King S CB La Deltapine PO DES Deltapine CB stoneville MD 51ne Coker Deltapine stoneville HS HB91-171B Deltapine CB Terra C HS Deltapine KC Sure-Grow Deltapine stoneville Terra HS Salcot ~ w 'Average of three locations in 1992 and four locations in 1991.