2010 Apple Rootstock Trials

Transcription

1 ANNUAL REPORT TO NC Apple Rootstock Trials November, Davis, CA Wesley R. Autio This year was the sixth season of the 2010 NC-140 Apple Rootstock Trials. Data submied in 2015, however, were for the fih growing season (2014). All sites submied data, and they were received in an easily read format, but there were a few problems with cooperators following the protocol. Everyone is encouraged to review their data and make sure that all measurements are the unit requested. Further, include only those data requested in the protocol, with the same columns in the spreadsheet, and in the same order. All data should be submied in the format and units requested and by the submission deadline (January 15). The data to be submied and the format of the data submission are presented in the Data Submission Protocol on Page 3. Submit these data in Excel spreadsheet format, using the rootstock codes described in the protocol, by January 15, In 2016, follow the Pruning and Training Plan (Page 2) and the Trial Protocol for 2016 (Page 2). To avoid problems during the compilaon of the data, please pay pacular aenon to the following points: 1. Submit only the data requested. 2. Use the correct units. 3. Columns must be consistent with the protocol. 3. Make sure that all data make sense -- proofread your data set. 4. For rootstock and replicaon designaons, follow the protocol exactly -- rootstock names should appear as they are listed in the Data Submission Protocol (Page 3) -- please note that there are no spaces in any of these names. Rootstocks, cultivars, and locations involved in the 2010 NC140 Apple Rootstock Trial. Honeycrisp plantings are spaced 4 x12, and Fujiplantingsarespaced6 x14.alltreesare trainedtothetallspindlesystem. Rootstocks Honeycrisp sites AztecFuji sites B.9 BC CH B.10 CH ID B CO KY B IA NC B MA PA B MN UT B.7068 MI B NJ B NS G.11 NY G.41N OH G.41TC UT G.202N WI G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG.2034 CG.3001 CG.4003 CG.4004 CG.4013 CG.4214 CG.4814 CG.5087 CG.5222 PiAu990 PiAu5111 Supp.3 M.26EMLA M.9Pajam2 M.9NAKBT337 Send 2015 data via to Wes Autio (autio@umass.edu) by January 15,

2 Tree management. Trial Protocol for 2016 A. Trees must be supported and trained as Tall Spindles (see Pruning & Training Plan, Mature Tree). B. Adjust crop load as described in the Pruning & Training Plan, Mature Tree. C. Manage pests, nutrients, and water per local recommendations. Pay attention to weed control in this trial. Collect the follow data for each tree in A. Root suckers: the number removed and counted, August. B. Yield: count all fruit per tree and weigh (to the nearest 0.1 kg). C. Zonal leaf chlorosis: after Honeycrisp harvest, visually estimate the portion (%) of the canopy exhibiting symptoms. D. Trunk size: trunk circumference 30 cm above the graft union (mm), October. E. Status: 0=dead, 1=alive, and 2=missing data, October. Pruning and Training Plan for the Tall Spindle System Mature Tree Dormant LateMay August 1. Limittreeheightto11.5 (3.6m)byannuallycuttingleaderbacktoaweak fruitfulsidebranch. 2. Annually,removeatleast2limbs,includinglowertierscaffolds,thatare morethan¾ indiameterusingabevelcut. 3. Simplifyeachremainingbranchonthetreesothatitiscolumnarwithno majorsidebranches. 4. Shorten branches that extend into the row to facilitate movement of equipmentandpreservefruitqualityonthelowerlimbs. Chemicallythin,and thenfollowupwithhandthinningtoappropriatelevels toensureregularannualcroppingandadequatefruitsize.(target= fruits/tree) Lightly summer prune to encourage light penetration and maintain pyramidaltreeshape. 2

3 DataSubmissionProtocol STATE2010AppleRootstockTrialDATAFOR2015 Cultivar Rootstock Rep Sub rep 2010 Status (see below) Trunk circ. (spring, 2010, mm) Side branches (spring, 2010, no.> 10cm) Height ofthe graft union (spring, 2010, mm) Trunk circ. (fall, 2010, mm) Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2010(those withstatus =0) 2011 Status (0= dead, 1=alive, 2= missing data) Flower clusters (no.) Root sucker (Aug, 2011, no.) Yield per tree (2011) (kg) Yield per tree (2011) (no) Trunk circ. (fall, 2011, mm) Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2011(those withstatus= 0) 2012 Status (0= dead, 1=alive, 2= missing data) Root sucker (Aug, 2012, no.) Yield per tree (2012, kg) Yield per tree (2012, no.) Zonal chlorosis (Honeycrisp only,2012, %) Trunk circ. (fall, 2012, mm) Honeycrisp B X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X Honeycrisp B X X X. fireblight Honeycrisp B X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X Honeycrisp M.26EMLA X X X X 0 X X X X X Voles 0 X X X X X 0 X X X X X 0 X X X X X 0 X X X X X Honeycrisp M.26EMLA Honeycrisp M.26EMLA Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2012(those withstatus =0) 2013 Status (0= dead, 1=alive, 2= missing data) Root sucker (Aug, 2013, no.) Yield per tree (2013, kg) Yield per tree (2013, no.) Zonal chlorosis (Honeycrisp only,2013, %) Trunk circ. (fall, 2013, mm) Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2013(those withstatus= 0) 2014 Status (0= dead, 1=alive, 2= missing data) Root sucker (Aug, 2014, no.) Yield per tree (2014, kg) Yield per tree (2014, no.) Zonal chlorosis (Honeycrisp only,2014, %) Trunk circ. (fall, 2014, mm) Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2014(those withstatus =0) 2015 Status (0=dead, 1=alive, 2= missing data) Root sucker (Aug, 2015, no.) Yield per tree (2015, kg) Yield Zonal per chlorosis tree (Honeycrisp (2015, only,2015, no.) %) Trunk circ. (fall, 2015, mm) Comments regarding treeswhich diedduring 2015(those withstatus= 0) Status2010: 0=diedafteritwasclearlygrowingwell 3=plantedbutbrokeattheunionbeforeitwasfullysupported 1=alive 4=leafedoutbutquicklyshutdown 2=consideredtobeanondatatreebecauseofhumanerror(liketractorblight) 5=neverleafedoutandbegantogrow Whenadatapointismissing,insertaperiodinthatcell,butdonotreplacezeroswithperiods. DATAFORMAT:Excel RootstockCodes:(donotincludespacesintherootstockname) B.9 B G.41N G.935TC CG.4013 PiAu990 M.26EMLA B.10 B.7068 G.41TC CG.2034 CG.4214 PiAu5111 M.9Pajam2 B B G.202N CG.3001 CG.4814 Supp.3 M.9T337 B B G.202TC CG.4003 CG.5087 B G.11 G.935N CG.4004 CG

4 Table1.Rootstockmeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea, numberofbranches,andheightofthegraftunionat plantingofhoneycrispappletreesinthe2010nc140 HoneycrispAppleRootstockTrial.Meansarebasedondata frombc,ma,mi,mn,nj,ns,ny,oh,ut,andwi. Trunkcross sectional areaat planting (2010,cm 2 ) Numberof branchesat planting Heightof graftunion atplanting (mm) Rootstock B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

5 Table2.Sitemeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,number ofbranches,andheightofthegraftunionatplantingof Honeycrispappletreesinthe2010NC140Honeycrisp AppleRootstockTrial. Trunkcross sectional areaat planting (2010,cm 2 ) Numberof branchesat planting Heightof graftunion atplanting (mm) Rootstock BC MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI EstimatedHSD

6 6 Table3.Rootstockmeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,rootsuckers,treeheight,canopyspread,yieldpertree,yieldefficiency,fruitsize,andzonalchlorosisofHoneycrispappletreesinthe2010 NC140HoneycrispAppleRootstockTrial.MeansarebasedondatafromBC,MA,MI,MN,NJ,NS,NY,OH,UT,andWI. Cumulative Trunkcross Cumulative Yield yield sectional rootsuckers Tree Yieldper Cumulative efficiency efficiency Average Survival area(2014, (201014, height Canopy tree(2014, yieldpertree (2014, (201114, Fruitweight Fruitweight Zonalchlorosis(%) Rootstock (2014,%) cm 2 ) no./tree) (cm) spread(cm) kg) (201114,kg) kg/cm 2 TCA) kg/cm 2 TCA) (2014,g) (201214,g) B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

7 Table4.Sitemeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,rootsuckers,treeheight,canopyspread,yieldpertree,yieldefficiency,fruitsize,andzonalchlorosisofHoneycrispappletreesinthe2010NC140 HoneycrispAppleRootstockTrial. Cumulative Trunkcross Cumulative Yield yield sectional rootsuckers Tree Yieldper Cumulative efficiency efficiency Average Survival area(2014, (201014, height Canopy tree(2014, yieldpertree (2014, (201114, Fruitweight Fruitweight Zonalchlorosis(%) Rootstock (2014,%) cm 2 ) no./tree) (cm) spread(cm) kg) (201114,kg) kg/cm 2 TCA) kg/cm 2 TCA) (2014,g) (201214,g) BC MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI EstimatedHSD

8 8 Table5.Survival(2014,%)ofHoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010NC140HoneycrispRootstockTrial. Rootstock BC CH CO IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

9 Table6.Trunkcrosssectionalarea(2014,cm 2 )ofhoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010nc140honeycrisprootstocktrial. Rootstock BC CH CO IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

10 10 Table7.Cumulativeyieldpertree(201114,kg)ofHoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010NC140HoneycrispRootstockTrial. Rootstock BC CH CO IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

11 Table8.Cumulativeyieldefficiency(201114,kg/cm 2 trunkcrosssectionalarea)ofhoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010nc140honeycrisp RootstockTrial. Rootstock BC CH CO IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

12 12 Table9.Averagefruitsize(201114,g)ofHoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010NC140HoneycrispRootstockTrial. Rootstock BC CH CO IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY OH UT WI B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

13 Table10.Zonalchlorosis(2014,%ofcanopyaffected)ofHoneycrispappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010NC140HoneycrispRootstockTrial. BC IA MA MI MN NJ NS NY WI Rootstock B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

14 Table1.Rootstockmeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,number ofbranches,andheightofthegraftunionatplantingoffujiapple treesinthe2010nc140fujiapplerootstocktrial.meansare basedondatafromid,ky,nc,andut. Trunkcross sectionalarea atplanting (2010,cm 2 ) Numberof branchesat planting Heightofgraft unionat planting(mm) Rootstock B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

15 Table2.Sitemeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,numberof branches,andheightofthegraftunionatplantingoffujiapple treesinthe2010nc140fujiapplerootstocktrial. Trunkcross sectionalarea atplanting (2010,cm 2 ) Numberof branchesat planting Heightofgraft unionat planting(mm) Rootstock ID KY NC UT EstimatedHSD

16 16 Table3.Rootstockmeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,rootsuckers,treeheight,canopyspread,yieldpertree,yieldefficiency,fruitsize,andzonalchlorosisofFujiapple treesinthe2010nc140fujiapplerootstocktrial.meansarebasedondatafromid,ky,nc,andut. Trunkcross sectional area(2014, cm 2 ) Cumulative rootsuckers (201014, no./tree) Cumulative yieldpertree (201114,kg) Yieldefficiency (2014,kg/cm 2 Cumulative yieldefficiency (201114, kg/cm 2 TCA) Fruit weight (2014,g) Rootstock Survival (2014,%) Treeheight (cm) Canopy spread(cm) Yieldpertree (2014,kg) TCA) B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD Average Fruit weight (201214, g)

17 Table4.Sitemeansfortrunkcrosssectionalarea,rootsuckers,treeheight,canopyspread,yieldpertree,yieldefficiency,andfruitsizeofFujiappletreesinthe2010NC140 FujiAppleRootstockTrial. Trunkcross sectional area(2014, cm 2 ) Cumulative rootsuckers (201014, no./tree) Cumulative yieldpertree (201114,kg) Yieldefficiency (2014,kg/cm 2 Cumulative yieldefficiency (201114, kg/cm 2 TCA) Fruit weight (2014,g) Rootstock Survival (2014,%) Treeheight (cm) Canopy spread(cm) Yieldpertree (2014,kg) TCA) ID KY NC UT EstimatedHSD Average Fruit weight (201214, g) 17

18 Table5.Survival(2014,%)ofFujiappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010NC140FujiRootstock Trial. Rootstock CH ID KY NC PA UT B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

19 Table6.Trunkcrosssectionalarea(2014,cm 2 )offujiappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010 NC140FujiRootstockTrial. Rootstock CH ID KY NC PA UT B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

20 Table7.Cumulativeyieldpertree(201114,kg)ofFujiappletreesatindividualplanting locationsinthe2010nc140fujirootstocktrial. Rootstock ID KY NC PA UT B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

21 Table8.Cumulativeyieldefficiency(201114,kg/cm 2 trunkcrosssectionalarea)offujiapple treesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe2010nc140fujirootstocktrial. Rootstock ID KY NC PA UT B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD

22 Table9.Averagefruitsize(201114,g)ofFujiappletreesatindividualplantinglocationsinthe 2010NC140FujiRootstockTrial. Rootstock ID KY NC PA UT B B B B B B B B B G G.41N G.41TC G.202N G.202TC G.935N G.935TC CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG Supp PiAu PiAu M.9NAKBT M.9Pajam M.26EMLA EstimatedHSD