Green Bus Technology Plan

Transcription

1 Green Bus Technology Plan November 2017 Rick Leary, Deputy CEO Bem Case, Head of Vehicle Programs

2 Agenda 1. Evolution of Bus Technology 2. City / TTC Emissions Targets 3. Current Bus Technology Options 4. Recommendations 5. Proposed Procurements 6. Next Steps 2

3 1 Evolution of Bus Technology Transit is Green 20g = BUS 1 BUS 229g CAR 70+ CARS (single occupancy) CO 2 Emissions (per passenger km) 3

4 Oxides of Nitrogen (g/bhp-hr) 1 Evolution of Bus Technology Evolution of Diesel Engine Emissions Standards NO x (unregulated) PM (unregulated) Reductions since 1980s No x 99% PM 95% Particulate Matter (g/bhp hr) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Particulate Matter - PM 4

5 1 Evolution of Bus TTC HIGH EMISSIONS TODAY ZERO EMISSIONS up to 1980 s 2-Stroke Diesel 1 4 CNG Up to s Trolley Bus 2 (569 in Fleet) s-2000 s Conventional Diesel HEV 1990 s Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 2000 s 1 st Gen Hybrid (693 in Fleet) 5? What s Next 2010 s Clean Diesel 6 (629 in Fleet) New Gen CNG / RNG 2 nd Gen Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Battery Electric 5

6 1 Evolution of Bus Technology Current Technologies Used in North America Other Zero Emissions Carbon Based Battery Electric % Fuels 0.2% Zero Emissions 3.77% Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid 0.03% 12% Natural Gas 19% Diesel 65% 6

7 2 City / TTC Emissions Targets TransformTO Target: Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 80% by 2050 TTC Target: Steady-state procurement of zero-emissions buses by 2025 in line with the C40 Fossil-Fuel-Free Streets Declaration, and an all zero-emissions bus fleet by

8 3 Current Bus Technology Options Green House Gas (GHG): CO 2 Emissions per kilometer 2.50 CO 2 (kg/km) % 13% 25% 38% Lowest Emissions of all Proven Technologies Baseline Tailpipe Emissions Upstream Fuel Production and Delivery Emissions CONV DIESEL 1st GEN HEV CLEAN DIESEL CNG/RNG 2nd GEN HEV HYDROGEN FUEL CELL BATTERY ELECTRIC Tailpipe Upstream % 95% Upstream Electric Fuel Production and Delivery Emissions 8

9 3 Current Bus Technology Options Global Warming Potential Factors Pollutants/Compounds CO 2 Carbon Dioxide CH 4 Methane N 2 O Nitrous Oxide GWP 100 years x1 x34 x298 9

10 3 Current Bus Technology Options Green House Gas (GHG): CO 2 Emissions per kilometer

11 3 Current Bus Technology Options Public Health Perspective / Impact on Local Air Quality Toronto Public Health: The relative comparison of tailpipe emissions from the four propulsion technologies resulted in the following ranking: i. Battery Electric (zero emissions) ii. Diesel-Electric Hybrid / Compressed Natural Gas iii. Diesel 11

12 3 Current Bus Technology Options Life Cycle Cost Estimates vs Emissions Delivery of CNG infrastructure within the PTIF timeframe is uncertain. Battery Electric Buses with PTIF are significantly less expensive than any other option Proven Technologies Unproven Technologies 12

13 3 Current Bus Technology Options Other Considerations: Natural Gas 12% lower tailpipe emissions vs diesel Same driving range as diesel Low fuel cost + potential for Renewable Natural Gas 16% lower maintenance costs 20% of transit buses in North America Bus capital cost +$70k vs. diesel Infrastructure required: Fuelling & de-fuelling stations Maintenance facility ventilation Bus operations tied to infrastructure 13

14 3 Current Bus Technology Options Other Considerations: 2 nd Generation Hybrid Electric 38% Lower tailpipe emissions vs diesel Same driving range as diesel No infrastructure required TTC has maintenance & operating experience Start/Stop + EV mode Nova Bus and New Flyer are have production slots available; Bus capital cost +$150k vs. diesel 14

15 3 Current Bus Technology Options Other Considerations: Battery Electric ZERO tailpipe emissions Limited driving range 250 km (50% of TTC Service) Low operating and maintenance cost 30% fewer parts higher reliability, theoretically TTC hybrid experience transferable Charging infrastructure required Bus tied to infrastructure Bus capital cost + $350k vs. diesel Long term reliability unknown 15

16 3 King County Metro Current Bus Technology Options Battery Electric Buses Operating in North America OR WA NV BC ID UT AB MT WY SK CA CO KS MO 10 KY 16 ND SD NE MB MN IA WI ON MI 0 QC PA NY MD IL IN OH 25 SEPTA WV VA NC VT NJ NH ME DE DC NB MA RI CT PE NS Most North American Operational Experience is in more Temperate Climate LA Metro OK AZ NM Foot Hill 14 TX LA >10 in-service AR MS AL GA SC <10 in-service TN FL >10 on-order 16

17 3 Current Bus Technology Options Other Considerations: Hydrogen Fuel Cell ZERO tailpipe emissions Good driving range 450km (90% of TTC Service) TTC hybrid experience transferable Bus capital cost +$500k vs. diesel Infrastructure required: Fuelling station Hydrogen generating plant Maintenance facility ventilation required Bus operations tied to infrastructure Long term reliability unknown 17

18 3 Current Bus Technology Options Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Operating in North America BC AB SK MB QC ON NB PE NS WA ME CA OR NV ID UT MT WY CO ND SD NE KS MN IA MO WI MI IL IN OH KY TN VT NY 10 PA NJ WV VA NC NH DE MD DC MA RI CT 10 AZ NM SC OK AR GA AL MS <10 in-service TX LA >10 in-service FL >10 on-order 18

19 4 Recommendations 1. Purchase 30 All-Electric Buses Delegate the authority to the TTC CEO to negotiate and enter into up to 3 contracts for the supply of a total of 30 all-electric buses and required infrastructure not to exceed the total project cost of $50M based on the following: a) The award of contracts will be based on negotiating an acceptable agreement, satisfactory to TTC General Council with the only three qualified suppliers of long range (>200km/charge) all-electric buses, New Flyer, Proterra and BYD that are compliant with Transport Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; and b) delivery of all 30 buses are to be delivered no later than March 31, 2019 in order to ensure that the buses eligible for the PTIF funding. 19

20 4 Recommendations 2. Purchase 230 Hybrid-Electric Buses Delegate the authority to the TTC CEO to enter into a contract(s) with up to two suppliers for the supply of 230 new generation hybrid-electric buses not to exceed the total project cost of $230M based on the following: a) The award of the contract(s) will be based on negotiating an acceptable agreement, satisfactory to TTC General Counsel with the only two bus suppliers, Nova Bus and New Flyer, capable of manufacturing hybrid-electric buses that are compliant with Transport Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and b) Hybrid-electric buses are to be delivered no later than March 31, 2019 in order to ensure that the buses are eligible for PTIF funding. 3. Report project status updates quarterly through the CEO Report. 20

21 5 Existing and Proposed TTC Procurements Impact on Bus Age Profile as of October 2017 Number of Buses Retain 80 buses for growth and to supplement streetcar routes New 9yr Total < Age of Bus (years) Year buses reach end of life:

22 6 Next Steps Steady-State Procurement 2040 Milestone: PTIF Phase 1 o o o o 325 Clean Diesel Buses nd Gen Hybrid-Electric 30 All-Electric Buses Technology To Be Determined No New Buses Milestone: Steady State Procurement of Zero Emissions Buses Milestone: Zero-Emissions Fleet Major Milestone Est. Timeline 22

23 Questions Thank you to our partners 23