University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research

Transcription

1 Dennis, E. B., Morgan, B. J. T., Roy, D. B., & Brereton, T. M. (2017). Urban indicators for UK butterflies. Ecological Indicators, 76, DOI: /j.ecolind Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): /j.ecolind Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Elsevier at Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:

2 Supplementary Material: Urban indicators for UK butterflies Emily B. Dennis, Byron J.T. Morgan, David B. Roy and Tom M. Brereton Table S1: Number of monitoring sites classified as urban and rural, where ALL represents both UKBMS and WCBS sites. Region Urban Rural All UKBMS WCBS All UKBMS WCBS England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Channel Isles Isle of Man

3 Table S2: Summary of urban and rural sites per species (minimum, mean and total for ), where FP denotes the flight period as in Table S1. Urban Rural Species FP Min. Mean Total Min. Mean Total Dingy Skipper U Essex Skipper U Gatekeeper U Green Hairstreak U Grizzled Skipper U Large Skipper U Marbled White U Meadow Brown U Orange-tip U Purple Hairstreak U Ringlet U Small Skipper U Brimstone B Brown Argus B Common Blue B Green-veined White B Holly Blue B Large White B Small White B Wall B Comma M Painted Lady M Peacock M Red Admiral M Small Copper M Small Tortoiseshell M Small Heath M Speckled Wood M

4 Table S3: Pearson s product moment correlation coefficients (in ascending order) between the urban and rural indices of abundance for each species for and Significant correlations are indicated by * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01). Species Orange-tip 0.24 Dingy Skipper 0.34 Green Hairstreak 0.38 Small Copper 0.47 * 0.55 ** Ringlet 0.50 * Speckled Wood 0.56 * Grizzled Skipper 0.57 ** Brown Argus 0.61 ** Comma 0.61 ** 0.43 ** Purple Hairstreak 0.62 ** Small Heath 0.62 ** 0.36 * Green-veined White 0.67 ** 0.74 ** Holly Blue 0.74 ** Essex Skipper 0.74 ** Wall 0.77 ** 0.85 ** Marbled White 0.83 ** Large Skipper 0.84 ** 0.69 ** Small Skipper 0.84 ** 0.86 ** Small Tortoiseshell 0.85 ** 0.82 ** Meadow Brown 0.86 ** 0.45 ** Peacock 0.88 ** 0.61 ** Gatekeeper 0.89 ** Small White 0.89 ** 0.62 ** Common Blue 0.89 ** 0.73 ** Large White 0.89 ** 0.60 ** Brimstone 0.89 ** Red Admiral 0.92 ** 0.45 ** Painted Lady 0.97 ** 0.87 ** 3

5 Figure S1: Urban areas within the UK (orange) defined by the UMZ2000 classification for the year

6 Brimstone Brown Argus Comma Common Blue Dingy Skipper Essex Skipper Gatekeeper Green veined White Green Hairstreak Grizzled Skipper Holly Blue Large Skipper Large White Marbled White Meadow Brown Figure S2: GAI indices of relative abundance for selected species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

7 Orange tip Purple Hairstreak Small Copper Small Tortoiseshell Wall Painted Lady Red Admiral Small Heath Small White Peacock Ringlet Small Skipper Speckled Wood Figure S2: GAI indices of relative abundance for selected species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

8 Comma Large Skipper Common Blue Large White Green veined White Meadow Brown Painted Lady Peacock Red Admiral Small Copper Small Heath Small Skipper Small Tortoiseshell Small White Wall Figure S3: GAI indices of relative abundance for selected species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

9 GH 75 PH Width of urban CI 50 GS DS W 25 ES BA MW SH R OT PL CB RA SS SC C Br HB ST SW LS G P Mean number of urban sites LW GvW SmW MB Figure S4: Comparison of the mean number of urban sites across years per species and the width of the confidence interval for the urban trend ( ). Species codes represent species common names (Table 1). 8

10 (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure S5: Urban (brown) and rural (green) composite indices for for univoltine (a), bivoltine (b), multivoltine (c) and specialist (d) species,. Shaded bars represent 95% confidence intervals from bootstrapping. 9

11 Brimstone Brown Argus Common Blue Dingy Skipper Essex Skipper Gatekeeper Green veined White Green Hairstreak Grizzled Skipper Holly Blue Figure S6: Annual estimates of the mean flight date,, for univoltine and bivoltine (first brood) species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

12 Large Skipper Large White Marbled White Meadow Brown Orange tip Purple Hairstreak Ringlet Small White Small Skipper Wall Figure S6: Annual estimates of the mean flight date,, for univoltine and bivoltine (first brood) species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

13 σ σ Brimstone Common Blue Essex Skipper Brown Argus Dingy Skipper Gatekeeper σ σ Green veined White Grizzled Skipper Green Hairstreak Holly Blue σ Figure S7: Annual estimates of σ, representing the length of the flight period, for univoltine and bivoltine species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

14 σ Large Skipper Marbled White Large White Meadow Brown σ Orange tip Purple Hairstreak σ Ringlet Small Skipper σ σ Small White Wall Figure S7: Annual estimates of σ, representing the length of the flight period, for univoltine and bivoltine species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

15 Brimstone Brown Argus µ d µ d Common Blue Green veined White µ d µ d µ d Holly Blue Small White µ d Large White Wall µ d µ d Figure S8: Annual estimates of the difference in mean flight date of the two broods for each bivoltine species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from

16 Brimstone Brown Argus w w Common Blue Holly Blue Green veined White Large White w Small White Wall w Figure S9: Annual estimates of the weighting, w, of the two broods for each bivoltine species at urban (brown) and rural (green) sites, from