Driving a Chevy Volt PHEV in Central Florida: Long-term Experience & Data

Transcription

1 Driving a Chevy Volt PHEV in Central Florida: Long-term Experience & Data Danny Parker EVTC Summit, Florida Solar Energy Center October, 2016

2 My House: Cocoa Beach, FL 1500 ft 2 with pool built in 1958 CBS construction: totally uninsulated Standard home of this type uses about 20,000 kwh/year Millions like these in FL Started retrofits after moving in: 1989 R19 ceiling insulation Pool pump replacement Better AC; sealed ducts Efficient lighting & appliances all over 2

3 Efficient Lighting, Washer, Super Effic. Mini-split Heat Pump lots of retrofits 3

4 4.1 kw of PV: January 2009 Produced 6,542 kwh over year Produced 99% of power used Added 800 Watts in Nov. Used 155 total therms Then: insulate walls, replace windows Install ductless SEER 26 minisplit HP and ditch AC & ducts Close to zero net PV expanded by + 2 kw 4

5 Utility & Retrofit History for Parker Fam ily Cocoa Beach, Monthly Electricity Consumption 12-month moving average FPL Average Use: 17,207 kwh/yr or 1,434 kwh/month Monthly kwh R19 Ceiling Seal Ducts WHFan & new Frig White Roof Solar DHW & Gas New AC PV Pool Pump Remodel +500 ft2 Flat Screen & DVR Energy Feedback 4.1 kw PV 600 CFLs Sarah * Wade * Year: Zero Energy Objective 5

6 Why stop there? 2011 Chevy Volt PHEV

7 Five Years with a Chevy Volt 2011 model: commuter car 34,000 miles in 5 years 1 st Generation Volt Very low maintenance No real problems Recalls/software updates Seldom buy gas; few times a year, big pleasure This after five months 7

8 Five Years with a Chevy Volt Hard to remember location of gas cap access button 110 Gallons in 5 years! 308 mpg (really) Level 1 home 41 mile start Typically varies: Little noted change in range over 5 years (2 mi) 8

9 Five Years with a Chevy Volt: And Now? 9

10 Data accumulated over two years Campbell datalogger records Level 1 charger energy & meteorological conditions Manually recorded conditions for each trip and each day Combined in spreadsheet & moved to STATA 10

11 Two Year Charge Data for Chevy Volt:

12 2-Year Demand Profile for Chevy Volt: kwh/day 12

13 kwh varies w/distance, but other factors Weather: negatives are cold & windy Statistical Evaluation of Data 13

14 Volt: Starting Range vs. Trips & Temp Average = 44.1 miles; any observed drop? 14

15 Starting Range: Frequency Distribution Average = 44.1 miles 15

16 Starting Range: Statistical Factors No observed range degradation over two years Other factors at work on variation: Temperature Windy and rainy conditions Use of air conditioning Time (obs) not significant in statistical model 16

17 Vehicle Miles Per kwh: Histogram Average = 4.3 mi/kwh on board 17

18 Vehicle Miles/kWh: Statistical Factors 4.35 miles/ kwh Factors explain ~10% of variation: Freeway speed* Temperature* Windy and rainy conditions* Tire pressure Use of air conditioning 18 *= highly significant

19 Charge & Vehicle kwh vs. Distance On-board vehicle kwh greater than charge kwh Variation with trip distance Avg charge efficiency ~74% includes battery conditioning energy 3.2 mi/kwh; 0.31 kwh/mi 19

20 Load Shape, Solar & EVs How does a EV/PHEV impact load shape? 32% of homes with EV or PHEVs in Western States have solar PV Solar & EVs & storage options are likely market opportunities 20

21 Impact of PHEV on Annual Load Shape Solar Output Watts Load with PHEV PHEV Load Load w/o PHEV Jan 1 Dec 31, 2013 Average kwh day = Total: 22.0, Solar: 23.3, Volt: 4.9, No PHEV:

22 Impact of PHEV on Summer Load Shape Solar Output Watts Load with PHEV Load w/o PHEV PHEV Load Jun 1 Aug 31,

23 Impact of PHEV on Grid: Duck Curve? PHEV Load Watts Load w/o PHEV Jan 1 Dec 31, 2013 Takeaway: Daytime best to smooth load profile 23

24 What I d Like? More informative displays! Need data to guide best performance Power most important (0.01 kw) 2016 has 0.1 kw resolution Better rear visibility PV rooftop charging option Heat pump for heating 250+ mpg too limited; give a challenge! (999+) 24

25 2016 Volt Center Instrument Cluster Provides power but 0.5 kw resolution; Too granular, need 0.50 kw 25

26 Eh Still Need Better Displays Qualitative only; data poor. 26

27 Example: Rich Data Display for Volt 27

28 PHEV as Emergency Generator Hurricanes and Earthquakes out here! PHEV can be emergency generator Volt DC outlet port limited to 20 amps Small loads w/inverter, but not refrigerators $500 after market kits provide 1500 Watt continuous; should be dealer option

29 Look Mom, no Utility Bill No bill! FPL paid me Even with the car Avg. Floridian spends $2,000 a yr. on utilities and $1,500 on fuel for the primary car I spend that money on coffee shops, movies and local restaurants.

30 Contentment, security; your own zero energy Life of Riley 30

31 Thank you! Florida Solar Energy Center 31