Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Department of Electrical Engineering. Course plans for B.E. (Semester-VIII) Scheme of Teaching & Examination

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1 Shivaji University, Kolhapur Department of Electrical Engineering Course plans for B.E. (Semester-VIII) Scheme of Teaching & Examination Semester VIII Sr. Teaching scheme per week Contact Examination(Marks) Category No Hours Course Title L T P Theory T W POE Total 1 ES Law for Engineers EE HVDC Systems EE EHVAC Electrical 4 EE Generation and Utilization EE Elective II EE Project Phase II Toatl Elective I 1. FACTS 2. Signal Processing For Electrical Engineering 3. Industrial Automation and SCADA 4. Restructured Power Systems Elective II 1. Embedded Systems 2. High Voltage Engineering 3. Advanced Relaying 4. Electrical maintenance and electrical energy audit. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 1

2 INDEX Sr. Subject Code Page 1 HVDC Systems EE EHVAC EE Electrical Generation and Utilization EE Elective II (Electrical maintenance and electrical energy audit.) EE BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 2

3 Course plan for HVDC System Course Code ELE 412 Course Title HVDC System Prepared by Mr. Pravin G. Dhawale, Semester AY , Sem II Mr.I.D.Pharne Prerequisites Student known the fundamental idea of Power Electronics & Power System. Course Outcomes At the end of the course the students should be able to: CO412.1 Explain 1 the basic principle HVDC system and overall HVDC system. CO412.2 Describe 2 the basic concepts of grid control and characteristics. CO412.3 Compare 2 the different methods for protection of HVDC system. CO412.4 Analyze 4 the harmonics in HVDC system and use of different filters in HVDC system. CO412.5 Explain 1 the basic concepts for reactive power compensation in HVDC system. CO412.6 Compare 2 the different types of multi-terminal DC Systems. Mapping of COs with POs POs COs a b c d E f G h i j k CO CO CO CO CO CO Mild correlation 2 Moderato correlation 3 Strong correlation Course Contents Unit Title of Hours 1 General Background: Trends in transmission Voltages, Hierarchical Levels in transmission and distribution, Standard rated voltage of EHV-AC and 8 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 3

4 HVDC, General aspects HVDC Transmission: Constitution of EHVAC and DC links, Kinds of DC links, HVDC projects in India and abroad, limitations and advantages of HVDC transmission over EHVAC, Layout of HVDC station. Deep Hole Ground Electrode, Electrolytic Corrosion, factors for General Design of Electrodes 2 Grid Control and Characteristics: Grid control of thyristor, valve-analysis with grid control with no overlap, overlap less than 60 degrees and overlap greater than 60 degrees. Basic means of control, Power reversal, manual control and its limitations-constant current versus constant voltage, desired features of control, actual control characteristics-constant minimum ignition angle, current and extinction angle controls stability of control, power control and current limits Protection: Disoperation of converters-short circuit on a rectifier commutation failure, causes and remedies Protection of HVDC system, d.c. rectors, damper circuits, Over-current protection and over-voltage protection, clearing fault and reenergizing the line Harmonics and Filters: Characteristic and uncharacteristic harmonics-causes, consequences and suppression-troubles caused by harmonics, Harmonic filters- Types, Location, series or shunt, sharpness of tuning Reactive Power Compensation: Concept of reactive power compensationreactive Power balance in HVDC substations-effect of angle of advance and extinction angle on reactive power requirement of converters Multi-terminal DC Systems: Introduction, Configurations and Types of MTDC Systems, Control and Protection of MTDC Systems Types of MTDC Systems, Reversal of Power in MTDC System, Comparison between MTDC and AC Interconnections HVDC Light: E Introduction to VSC transmission &Structure, Introduction to HVDC light technology. 10 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 4

5 Reference Books: Sr. Title of Book Author Publisher/Edition Topics Direct Current Transmission HVDC Power Transmission System Power Transmission by Direct Current EHVAC and HVDC Transmission E.W. Kimbark John Wiley, New York Edn ,2,3 K.R. Padiya Wiley Eastern Ltd 3,4 E. Usdimann Springer Verlag Springer Verlag, Berlin Edn ,5,6 S.S. RaoKhanna Khanna Pub. Delhi. 2,3,5,6 Evaluation scheme: Examination Scheme Theory Term Work OE Total Max. Marks Contact Hours/ week Scheme of Marks Section Unit Title Marks I II Course Unitization 1 General Background of HVDC 26 2 Grid Control and Characteristics 22 3 Protection 22 4 Harmonics and Filters 20 5 Reactive Power Compensation 18 6 Multi-terminal DC Systems 24 CO Evaluation Remark BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 5

6 CO412.1 CO412.2 CO412.3 CO412.4 CO412.5 CO412.6 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 1 question on unit 1 and 2 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 3 and 4 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 5 and 6 with 15 marks each Unit wise Lesson Plan Unit No Unit Title Planned Hrs. 1 General Background of HVDC 08 Class Details to be covered 1 General Background: Trends in transmission Voltages 2 Hierarchical Levels in transmission and distribution. 3 Standard rated voltage of EHV-AC and HVDC. 4 General aspects HVDC Transmission: Constitution of EHVAC and DC links 5 HVDC projects in India and abroad. 6 Limitations and advantages of HVDC transmission over EHVAC. Q1 Draw a neat sketch of typical HVDC station layout. Explain the function CO412.1 of each equipment shown. Q2 Explain the types of DC links used in DC transmission system CO412.1 Unit No 2 Unit Title Planne d Hrs. 2 Grid Control and Characteristics Unit Outcomes: UO To understand the basic concepts Grid Control and Characteristics CO412.2 Class Details to be covered 1 Grid control of thyristor. 2 Valve-Analysis with grid control with no overlap. 3 Overlap less than 60 degrees and overlap greater than 60 degrees. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 6 10

7 4 Basic means of control, Power reversal, manual control and its limitations. 5 Constant current versus constant voltage. 6 Desired features of control, actual control characteristics-constant minimum ignition angle. 7 Current and extinction angle controls. 8 Stability of control, power control and Current limits. Q1 Explain basic means of control, power reversal and limitations of manual CO412.2 control of HVDC transmission. Q2 Explain power control and current limits. CO412.2 Plann Unit No 3 Unit Title Protection ed Hrs. 06 Unit Outcomes: UO To understand the basic concepts of protection of HVDC system CO412.3 Class Details to be covered 1 Misoperation of converters 2 Short circuit on a rectifier. 3 Commutation failure causes and remedies. 4 Protection of HVDC system. 5 Over current protection. 6 Over current protection & Over-voltage protection. Q1 State and explain the misoperations of converters. CO412.3 Q2 Explain the process of fault clearing and reenergizing the HVDC line. CO412.3 Section II Unit No 4 Unit Title Harmonics and Filters Planned Hrs. Unit Outcomes: UO To understand the basic concepts of Harmonics and Filters in HVDC system Class Details to be covered 1 Harmonics and Filters. 2 Characteristic and uncharacteristic harmonics 3 Causes, consequences and suppression-troubles caused by harmonics. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 7 06 CO412.4

8 4 Harmonic filters- Types, Location, series. 5 Shunt, sharpness of tuning. 6 Case study Q1 Explain the use of dc reactor and damper circuits in HVDC systems. CO412.4 Q2 Differentiate and explain characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics. CO412.4 Unit No 5 Unit Title Reactive Power Compensation Planned Hrs. 04 Unit Outcomes: UO To understand the basic concepts of Reactive Power Compensation in CO412.5 HVDC system Class Details to be covered 1 Reactive Power Compensation. 2 Concept of reactive power compensation. 3 Reactive Power balance in HVDC substations. 4 Effect of angle of advance and extinction angle on reactive power requirement of converters. Q1 Explain the reactive power balance in HVDC substation. CO412.5 Q2 Explain the effect of angle of advance and extinction angle on reactive CO412.5 power requirement of converterers. Unit No 6 Unit Title Multi-terminal DC Systems Planned Hrs. Unit Outcomes: UO To understand the basic concepts of Multi-terminal DC Systems CO412.6 Class Details to be covered 1 Multi-terminal DC Systems: Introduction. 2 Configurations and Types of MTDC Systems. 3 Control and Protection of MTDC Systems. 4 Control HVDC System. 5 Converter operation. 6 Case study. Q1 Explain the configuration and types of MTDC systems. CO412.6 Q2 State the HVDC projects in India with technical details. Explain one in detail. 08 CO412.6 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 8

9 Model Question Paper Course Title :HVDC Time: 3 Hrs. Marks: 100 Instructions: 1. Attempt any three questions from each section. 2. Figure to the right indicate full marks. 3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary 4. Draw neat sketches wherever necessary. a Explain kinds of DC links with neat sketches Compare HVDC transmission with EHVAC transmission on the basis of b technical performance, economical aspects and reliability. 10 Draw and explain equivalent circuit of DC transmission for average current a and voltages in steady state. Hence explain basic means of control Explain and compare constant current versus constant voltage control of DC b transmission. 08 Sketch the layout of typical HVDC station and explain the function of each 08 a equipment. 3 Draw and explain individual and combined CIA, CC and CEA converter b control characteristics. 10 a Explain stability of control. How damper circuit helps in stability? 08 4 Explain power control and current limits for dc transmission. Draw relevant b sketch showing these limits. 08 Explain short circuit and commutation failure faults in converters. State their a 5 remedies. 08 b Explain protection of HVDC system using dc reactor and damper circuits. 08 What are characteristics and un- characteristics harmonics? State their causes. 08 a 6 Explain troubles caused by harmonics. b Classify and explain harmonic filter. 10 Explain the cause of over voltages in HVDC system. Explain methods of a protection against them What is the effect of angle of advance and excitation angle on reactive power b requirement of converters? 08 State HVDC projects in India with their Technical details. Explain one in 08 a 8 detail. b Explain configuration and types of MTDC systems. 08 Lab Plan 1 Study state & transient performance of 12 pulse HVDC transmission system BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 9

10 2 Study & Simulation of Thyrister Based HVDC Model. 3 Simulation to study Vd-Id characteristics with constant minimum ignition angle control for Controlled rectifier. 4 Study Simulation model of HVDC system (with bridge Rectifier and SPWM Inverter). 5 Simulation to Study Vd-Id characteristics with constant extinction angle control of inverter. 6 Simulation to study three phases SPWM Inverter. 7 Study of effect of angle of advance and extinction angle on reactive power on the converter and inverter side. 8 Simulation to Study of harmonics generated on converter and inverter side due to angle of advance and extinction. 9 Simulation to study effect of Tuned Filters on the converter harmonics 10 Simulation to study Low AC Voltage Detection & Voltage Dependant Current Order Limiter (VDCOL) Assignments Question Unit 1- Assignment 1 Explain kinds of DC links with neat sketches. 2 Compare HVDC transmission with EHVAC transmission on the basis of technical performance, economical aspects and reliability. 3 Draw and explain equivalent circuit of DC transmission for average current and voltages in steady state. Hence explain basic means of control. 4 Explain and compare constant current versus constant voltage control of DC transmission. 5 Explain kinds of DC links with neat sketches. Unit 2- Assignment 1 Explain short circuit and commutation failure faults in converters. State their remedies. 2 Explain protection of HVDC system using dc reactor and damper circuits. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 10

11 3 Explain over current protection and overvoltage protection. 4 Explain the process of fault clearing and reenergizing of HVDC lines. 1 Classify and explain harmonic filter. Unit 3- Assignment 2 What are characteristics and un- characteristics harmonics? State their causes. Explain troubles caused by harmonics. 3 State and explain types of filter used in HVDC. 4 State and explain types of filter by its location and the manner of connection to main circuit 5 Classify and explain harmonic filter. Unit 4- Assignment 1 Explain the cause of over voltages in HVDC system. Explain methods of protection against them. 2 What is the effect of angle of advance and excitation angle on reactive power requirement of converters? 3 State HVDC projects in India with their Technical details. Explain one in detail. 4 Explain configuration and types of MTDC systems. 5 Explain the cause of over voltages in HVDC system. Explain methods of protection against them. Unit 5- Assignment 1 Explain and compare constant current versus constant voltage control of DC transmission. 2 Sketch the layout of typical HVDC station and explain the function of each equipment. 3 Draw and explain individual and combined CIA, CC and CEA converter control characteristics. 4 Explain stability of control. How damper circuit helps in stability? Unit 6- Assignment BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 11

12 1 Explain kinds of DC links with neat sketches. 2 Compare HVDC transmission with EHVAC transmission on the basis of technical performance, economical aspects and reliability. 3 Draw and explain equivalent circuit of DC transmission for average current and voltages in steady state. Hence explain basic means of control. 4 Explain and compare constant current versus constant voltage control of DC transmission. 5 Explain kinds of DC links with neat sketches. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 12

13 Course plan for EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Course Code ELE 413 Course EHVAC Prepared by Mr.R.G.Datar Semester AY , Sem II Prerequisites The student should know about the basic concepts of Power System and high voltage transmission system. Course Outcomes At the end of the course the students should be able to: CO413.1 Describe 2 the stability of EHVAC transmission line and its characteristics. CO413.2 Explain 2 line and ground power system parameters and their properties. CO413.3 Explain 2 voltage gradients of conductor and corona loss for EHVAC CO413.4 State 1 theory of the traveling waves and standing wave. CO413.5 Describe 2 lighting protection systems and concept of Insulation Co-ordinations. CO413.6 Compare 4 types ofover voltage in EHVAC systems CO413.7 Summarize 2 power system performance in EHVAC and power frequency voltage control Mapping of COs with POs POs a b c d e f g h i j k COs CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Mild correlation 2 Moderate correlation 3 Strong correlation Course Contents Unit EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. of Hours BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 13

14 1. INTRODUCTION TO EHVAC&CALCULATION OF LINE AND GROUND PARAMETERS:Engineering aspect and growth of EHVAC Transmission line trends and preliminaries, power transferability, transient stability, transient stability limit, and surge impedance loading, Resistance power loss, temperature rise properties of bundled conductors, Inductance and Capacitance, calculation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagations, resistance and inductance of the ground return VOLTAGE GRADIENTS OF CONDUCTOR:Charge potential relations for multi-conductor lines, surface voltage gradients on the conductor line, surface voltage gradients on conductors, distribution of voltage gradients on sub conductors of bundle. I*I * R and corona loss corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona,attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise, corona pulses, Their generation and properties, limit for radio interface fields THEORY OF THE TRAVELING WAVES AND STANDING:The waves at the power frequency, differential equations and solutions for general case, standing waves and natural frequencies open ended line double exponential response, response to sinusoidal Excitation, line energization with trapped charge voltage, Refection and refraction of traveling waves LIGHTNING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION&INSULATION CO- ORDINATIONS:Lightning strokes to lines their mechanism, General principal of the lightning protections problems, low footing resistance, lightning arrestor and protection characteristics different arrestors and their characteristics, Insulation level, Voltage withstands levels of protected equipments and insulation condition based on the lighting OVER VOLTAGE IN EHV SYSTEM COVERED BY SWITCHING OPERATIONS:Over voltage their types,recovery voltage and circuits breaks, Ferro resonance over voltage and calculations ofswitching surges single phase 4 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 14

15 equivalents 6. POWER FREQUENCY VOLTAGE CONTROL AND OVER VOLTAGE:Generalized constants, charging current, power circle diagram, and its use, Voltage control shunt and series components, Sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor compensated lines and static reactive compensating systems. 6 Reference Books: Sr. Title of Book Author Publisher/Edition Topics 1. EHV AC transmission Engineering EHVAC &HVDC transmission system engineering analysis and design. EHV-AC and HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering Rakosh Das Begamudre New age international publication JohnWiley & sons Inc All 3,4,5,6 S. Rao KhannaPublisher 2,3,4,5 Evaluation scheme: Examination Scheme Theory Term Work OE Total Max. Marks Contact Hours/ week Scheme of Marks Unit Title Marks 1 Introduction to EHVAC and Calculation of line and ground parameters 24 2 Voltage gradients of conductor Theory of the Traveling waves and standing. 16 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 15

16 4 Lighting and lighting protection and Insulation Co-ordinations Over voltage in EHV system covered by switching operations Power frequency voltage control and over voltage. 16 Weightage may differ. Course Unitization CO Evaluation Remark CO413.1 CO413.2 CO413.3 CO413.4 CO413.5 CO413.6 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 1 question on unit 1 and 2 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 3 and 4 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 5 and 6 with 15 marks each Unit wise Lesson Plan Unit No 1 Unit Title Section I Introduction to EHVAC and Calculation of line and ground parameters. Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered 1 Engineering aspect and growth of EHVAC Transmission line trends and preliminaries, 2 Power transferability, 3 Transient stability, 4 Transient stability limit, 5 Surge impedance loading, 6 Resistance power loss, 7 Temperature rise properties of bundled conductors, 8 Inductance and Capacitance, 9 Calculation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagations, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 16 10

17 10 Resistance and inductance of the ground return, Q1 State and explain difference between EHVAC Transmission line and HVDC. CO413.1 Q2 What is meant by Stability, explain different terms related to Stability? CO413.1 Q3 Explain Temperature rise properties of bundled conductors. CO413.2 Q4 Explain and derive Calculation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagation. CO413.2 Q5 Explain Resistance and inductance of the ground return. CO413.2 Unit Planned 2 Unit Title Voltage gradients of conductor. No Hrs. 8 Class Details to be covered 1 Charge potential relations for multi-conductor lines, 2 Surface voltage gradients on the conductor line, 3 Surface voltage gradients on conductors, 4 Distribution of voltage gradients on sub conductors of bundle. I*I*R and corona loss 5 Corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona, 6 Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise, 7 Corona pulses, Their generation and properties, limit for radio interference fields. 8 Their generation and properties, limit for radio interference fields. Q1 Explain Charge potential relations for multi-conductor lines. CO413.3 Q2 Explain Corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona.. CO413.3 Q3 Explain Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise, CO413.3 Q4 Explain Corona pulses, Their generation and properties, limit for radio interference fields. CO413.3 Unit No 3 Unit Title Theory of the Traveling waves and standing. Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered 1 The waves at the power frequency, 2 Differenential equations and solutions for generals case, 3 Standing waves and natural frequencies open ended line double exponential response, response to sinusoidal Excitation, lineenergization with trapped charge voltage, Refection and refraction of traveling waves. 4 Standing waves and natural frequencies open ended line double exponential response, response to sinusoidal Excitation, 5 Line energization with trapped charge voltage, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 17 6

18 6 Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 1 Derive Differenential equations and solutions for generals case Standing CO413.4 waves. 2 State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. CO Explain the line energization with trapped charge voltage, Refection and CO413.4 refraction of traveling waves. Unit No Class 4 Unit Title Section II Lighting and lighting protectionandinsulation Coordinations. Details to be covered Planned Hrs Lightning strokes to lines, 2 their mechanism, 3 General principal of the lighting protections problems, 4 low footing resistance, 5 lighting arrestor, 6 protection characteristics different arrestors and their characteristics, 7 protection characteristics different arrestors and their characteristics, 8 Insulation level, 9 Voltage withstands levels of protected Equipments, 10 Insulation condition based on the lighting, 1 Explain Lighting strokes to lines and their mechanism. CO Explain with neat diagram low footing resistance and lighting arrestor. CO Explain the term Insulation level and Voltage withstands levels of protected Equipments. CO Explain insulation condition based on the lighting. CO Write a note on Lighting arrestors and its characteristics. CO413.5 Unit Over voltage in EHV system 5 Unit Title No covered by switching operations. Planned Hrs. 8 Class Details to be covered 1 Over voltage their types, 2 Over voltage their types, 3 recovery voltage and circuits breaks, 4 recovery voltage and circuits breaks, 5 Ferro resonance over voltage, 6 Ferro resonance over voltage, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 18

19 7 Calculations of switching surges single phase equivalents. 8 Calculations of switching surges single phase equivalents. 1 Explain with neat diagram Over voltage their types CO Explain and derive equation of switching surges single phase equivalents. CO What is mean by ferro resonance overvoltage? Explain in detail. CO413.6 Unit Unit Power frequency voltage control and over Planned 6 No Title voltage. Hrs. 6 Class Details to be covered 1 Generalized constants, 2 Charging current, 3 Power circle diagram, and its use, 4 Voltage control shunt and series components, 5 Sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor compensated lines, 6 static reactive compensating systems, 1 Explain the Power circle diagram, and its use. CO Explain the Sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor compensated line. CO413.7 Model Question Paper Course Title : EHVAC Duration 3 Hour Marks: 100 Instructions: 1] Attempt any three questions from each section. 2] Figure to right indicates full marks. 3] Assume necessary data if required. Section-I a State and explain difference between EHVAC Transmission line and Q1. HVDC. 8 b What is meant by Stability? Explain different terms related to Stability. 8 a Explain Temperature rise properties of bundled conductors. 10 Q2. b Explain and derive Calculation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagation. 8 Q3. a Explain Corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona. 8 b Explain Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise, 8 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 19

20 Q4. Q5. Q6. Q7. Q8. a State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 8 b Explain the line energization with trapped charge voltage, Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 8 Section-II a Explain Lighting strokes to lines and their mechanism. 8 b What is mean by Ferro-resonance overvoltage? Explain in detail. 10 a Explain with neat diagram Over voltage their types. 8 b Explain and derive equation of switching surges single phase equivalents. 8 a Explain the Power circle diagram, and its use. 8 b Explain the Sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor compensated lines. 8 a Explain the term Insulation level and Voltage withstands levels of protected Equipments. 8 b Explain insulation condition based on the lighting. 8 Assignments Question Unit 1 Assignment No 1 State and explain difference between EHVAC Transmission line and HVDC. 2 Explain the term power transferability, transient stability 3 Explain Temperature rise properties of bundled conductors. What is meant by Stability? 4 Explain different terms related to Stability? 5 State and explain difference between EHVAC Transmission line and HVDC. Unit 2 Assignment 1 Explain the term transit stability limit, and surge impedance loading 2 Explain and derive equation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagation. 3 Explain Engineering aspect and growth of EHVAC Transmission line trends and preliminaries 4 What is meant by Stability? Explain different terms related to Stability? 5 Explain the term transit stability limit, and surge impedance loading BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 20

21 6 Explain and derive equation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagation. Unit 3 Assignment 1 Explain and derive equation of sequence inductions and capacitance line parameters for modes of propagation. 2 Explain Corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona. 3 State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 4 Explain the line energization with trapped charge voltage, Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. Unit 4 Assignment 1 Explain Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise. 2 State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 3 Explain the line energization with trapped charge voltage, Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 4 Explain Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise. Unit 5 Assignment 1 State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. 2 Explain Attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss Audible noise. 3 Explain Corona loss formula charge voltage diagram with corona. 4 State and derive equation for Reflection and refraction of traveling waves. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 21

22 Course plan for ELECTRICAL GENERATION & UTILIZATION Course code ELE 414 Course ELECTRICAL GENERATION & UTILIZATION Prepared by Ms.Lakshmi M Shankreppagol Mr.S.S.Mudakannavar Semester AY , Sem II Prerequisites This course requires the student to know about the basic concepts of Power Generations, Machines (AC&DC). Course Outcomes At the end of the course the students should be able to: CO Explain 2 the Conventional Energy Sources: CO CO CO CO CO Describe 2 the basic Concepts of Solar Energy Technology Design 5 the basic Concepts of Wind Energy Technology Compare 4 different types of heating and welding ((Electric Heating and Welding ) Describe 2 the different types of electrical tractions (Transportation Ex: Traction) Explain 2 the different types of braking systems Mapping of COs with Pos POs Cos A b c d E f G h i j K CO CO CO CO CO CO Mild correlation 2 Moderato correlation 3 Strong correlation BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 22

23 COURSE CONTENTS Unit ELECTRICAL GENERATION & UTILIZATION of Hours Section I 1. Electrical Energy Generation using Conventional Energy Sources 08 Electric energy demand, Electric energy growth in India, Power crisis in India. Types of Generation: Diesel & Gas Power Plant: Advantages, Disadvantages, applications of Diesel plant. Gas Turbine plant: Principle of operation, Open cycle, closed cycle plant & Applications of gas plant. Thermal power plant: Main & auxiliary equipments in Thermal plant. Hydro electric Plant: Advantages, disadvantages, & Classifications of hydro plant. Nuclear Power Plant: Main parts of nuclear plant, advantages & disadvantages of nuclear plant Co Generation: Technologies, Industries suitable for Cogeneration. 2. Solar Energy:- I. Introduction, Beam & Diffuse solar radiation, 08 Measurement of solar radiation, Derived solar angles, sunrise sunset & day length, sunrise hour angle, solar collectors, storage of solar energy, solar water heaters, distillation, solar still, solar cooker, estimation of average solar radiation. II. Solar Photovoltaic: Introduction, Solar cell characteristics & losses. Emerging solar technologies, Solar PV modules, Design of PV module, and Sizing of Battery, inverter & charge controller. III. PV module power output, IV curve for PV module, batteries for PV cell, Battery charge controllers, Types of PV systems: Grid tie PV system, Stand alone PV system, direct PV system 3. Wind Energy:- Introduction, Principle of wind energy conversion, 08 power duration & velocity durationcharacteristics of wind, advantages & disadvantages of WECS, Classification of wind mills, basic components of wind mill, aerodynamic forces acting on wind mill blades, Design considerations of horizontal axis & vertical axis wind mill, Wind Data & site selection considerations, Social economic & environmental considerations 4. Electric Heating and Welding: Classification of electric heating, heating methods, Resistance heating, design of heating element, Arc furnaces, induction heating, Induction furnaces, Dielectric heating, Electric arc welding, welding transformer, Power supply and control of electric welding, Laser beam welding 08 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 23

24 5. Electric traction:- DC, AC and composite traction systems, main line and suburban systems, Comparison with Diesel-Electric traction, traction equipments, Trolley wire, catenaries, Feeding and distribution systems, negative booster, overhead lines, current collectors, traction substations 6 A)Train movement and Energy consumption:- Trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time curves, Maximum, average and scheduled speeds, Mechanics of train movement, tractive effort calculation, Power and energy output from driving axles, Specific Energy Output. B) Braking & control of traction motors: Vacuum brake and Air brake systems, regenerativebraking, calculation of energy returned during regenerative braking. D.C. series, A.C. series and 3 Phase Induction motors for traction, Brief introduction to rheostatic speed control methods, drum controller, Multiple Unit Control, Static control of traction morors. Use of microprocessors for control of traction motors REFERENCE BOOKS: Sr. Title of Book Author Publisher/Edition 1 Generation of Electrical energy. Dr. B.R. Gupta S. Chand Publications 2 Non Conventional & Renewable energy sources S.S. Thipse Narosa publishing house 3. Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction. J.B. Gupta, 8th Edition S.K.Kataria& Sons 4 Art and science of Utilization of Electric H. Partab GaganKapur 5 Energy A course in Electrical Power Soni, Gupta and Bhatnagar 6 Utilization of Electric Energy Openshaw Taylor Evaluation scheme: Examination Scheme Theory Term Work OE Total Max. Marks Contact BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 24

25 Hours/ week SCHEME OF MARKS Section Unit Title Marks I 1 Electrical Energy Generation using Conventional Energy 18 Sources I 2 Solar Energy 16 I 3 Wind Energy 16 II 4 Electric Heating and Welding: 16 II 5 Electric traction 16 II 6 A)Train movement and Energy consumption B) Braking & control of traction motors 18 Weightage may differ. Course Utilization CO Evaluation Remark CO414.1 CO414.2 CO414.3 CO414.4 CO414.5 CO414.6 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 1 question on unit 1 and 2 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 3 and 4 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 5 and 6 with 15 marks each UNIT WISE LESSON PLAN Section I Unit No 1 Unit Title Electrical Energy Generation using Conventional Energy Sources: Class Details to be covered Planned Hrs. 8 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 25

26 1 Electric energy demand, Electric energy growth in India, Power crisis in India 2 Diesel & Gas Power Plant: Advantages, Disadvantages, applications of Diesel plant 3 Gas Turbine plant: Principle of operation, Open cycle, closed cycle plant & Applications of gas plant 4 Thermal power plant: Main & auxiliary equipments in Thermal plant 5 Hydro electric Plant: Advantages, disadvantages, & Classifications of hydro plant. 6 Nuclear Power Plant: Main parts of nuclear plant, advantages & disadvantages of nuclear plant 7 Co Generation: Technologies 8 Industries suitable for Cogeneration. Q1 1. Explain Electrical Energy scenario in India CO414.1 Q2 2. Explain Conventional Energy sources with help of any one power plant Unit No 2 Unit Title Solar Energy Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered CO414.1 Introduction, Beam & Diffuse solar radiation, Measurement of solar radiation, 2 Derived solar angles, sunrise sunset & day length, sunrise hour angle, solar collectors 3 storage of solar energy, solar water heaters, distillation, solar still 4 solar cooker, estimation of average solar radiation 5 Solar Photovoltaic: Introduction, Solar cell characteristics & losses. Emerging solar technologies 6 Solar PV modules, Design of PV module, Sizing of Battery, inverter & charge controller 7 PV module power output, IV curve for PV module, batteries for PV cell, Battery charge controllers, 8 Types of PV systems: Grid tie PV system, Stand alone PV system, direct PV system Q1 Explain what are factors to consider for solar Energy and its application CO414.2 Q2 Mention Different types of PV System and Explain any one in Detail. CO Unit No 3 Unit Title Wind Energy Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered 1 Introduction, Principle of wind energy conversion 8 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 26

27 2 power duration & velocity durationcharacteristics of wind, advantages & disadvantages of WECS 3 Classification of wind mills, basic components of wind mill 4 aerodynamic forces acting on wind mill blades 5 Design considerations of horizontal axis & 6 Design considerations of vertical axis wind mill 7 Wind Data & site selection considerations 8 Social economic & environmental considerations Q1 Explain Principle of wind energy conversion CO414.3 Q2 Write Classification of Wind mills and advantage of wind mills. CO414.3 Q3 What are the Design consideration for horizontal & vertical axis wind mils Unit No 4 Unit Title Electric Heating and Welding Planned Hrs. CO414.3 Class Details to be covered 1 Classification of electric heating 2 Heating methods, Resistance heating, 3 Design of heating element 4 Arc furnaces, induction heating 5 Induction furnaces, Dielectric heating 6 Electric arc welding, welding transformer 7 Power supply and control of electric welding 8 Laser beam welding 1 Write the Classification of Electrical Heating. CO Explain different types of heating methods CO414.4 Unit No 5 Unit Title Electric traction Planned Hrs. 8 Class Details to be covered 1 DC&AC and composite traction systems 2 Main line and suburban systems 3 Comparison with diesel-electric traction 4 Traction equipments 5 Trolley wire, catenaries, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 27 8

28 6 Feeding and distribution systems 7 Negative booster, overhead lines 8 Current collectors, traction substations 1 Define traction.explain Electric Traction CO Explain Traction Substation CO414.5 Unit No 6 Unit Title A)Train movement and Energy consumption B) Braking & control of traction motors Planned Hrs. 06 Class Details to be covered 1 Trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time curves,maximum, average and scheduled speeds 2 Mechanics of train movement, tractive effort calculation 3 Power and energy output from driving axles, Specific Energy Output 4 Vacuum brake and Air brake systems 5 Regenerativebraking, calculation of energy returned during regenerative braking. 6 D.C. series, A.C. series and 3 Phase Induction motors for traction, 7 Brief introduction to rheostat speed control methods, drum controller, Multiple Unit Control 8 Static control of traction motors. Use of microprocessors for control of traction motors 1 Explain Trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time Curves CO Define Breaking. Explain Regenerative breaking System. CO Mention different types of speed control methods and Explain any one in Brief. CO414.6 MODEL QUESTION PAPER Course Title : ELECTRICAL GENERATION & UTILIZATION Duration 3 Hours Marks : 100 Instructions: 1] Attempt any three questions from each section. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 28

29 2] Figure to right indicates full marks. 3] Assume necessary data if required. Section-I Marks 1 A Explain Electrical Energy scenario in India 8 B What are the Conventional Energy sources and Explain Thermal power 8 plant 2 A Define Co Generation. Explain any one Co Generation Industries in Brief. 8 B Explain what are factors to consider for solar Energy and its application 8 3 A Explain in Detail:1.Solar water heater 2.Solar Cooker 8 B Mention Different types of PV System and Explain any one in Detail. 8 4 A What are the Design consideration for horizontal & vertical axis wind mils 10 Section-II Marks 5 A Explain Principle of wind energy conversion 8 B Write the Classification of Electrical Heating. 8 6 A Define welding, compare resistance and arc welding 8 B Define traction.explain Electric Traction 8 7 A Explain Trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time Curves 8 B Mention different types of speed control methods and Explain any one in 8 Brief. 8 A Define Breaking. Explain Regenerative breaking System. 10 B The maximum speed of a suburban electric train is 60 km/hr. Its scheduled speed is 40 km/hrandduration of stops is 30 sec. If the acceleration is 2 km/hr/sec and distance between stops is 2 kms,determine the retardation 8 Assignments Assignment I 1. Explain Electrical Energy scenario in India 2. What are the Conventional Energy sources and Explain Thermal power plant 3. Explain what are factors to consider for solar Energy and its application 4. Explain in Detail:1.Solar water heater 2.Solar Cooker 5. Mention Different types of PV System and Explain any one in Detail BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 29

30 Assignment II 1. What are the Design consideration for horizontal & vertical axis wind mils 2. Explain Principle of wind energy conversion 3. Explain what are factors to consider for solar Energy and its application 4. A resistance oven employing nichrome wire is to be operated from 220 V single-phase supply and is to be rated at 16 kw. If the temperature of the element is to be limited to 1,170 C and average temperature of the charge is 500 C, find the diameter and length of the element wire. Radiating efficiency = 0.57, Emissivity=0.9, Specific resistance of nichrome= ( ) ohm. Assignment III 1. Compare A.C and D.C welding 2. Explain the principles of Induction heating 3. What are the requirements of good welding 4. Explain the properties of good heating element 5. A 30-kW, 3-phase, 400-V resistance oven is to employ nickel-chrome strip mm thick for the three star-connected heating elements. If the wire temperature is to be 1,100 C and that of the charge to be 700 C, estimate a suitable width for the strip. Assume emissivity= 0.9 and radiating efficiency to be 0.5 and resistivity of the strip material is m. What would be the temperature of the wire if the charge were cold? Assignment IV 1. Explain how series motors are ideally suited for traction service.explain any one method for regenerative braking of D.C. motor for traction 2. Explain the various modes of operation in traction services with neat speed-time curve. Assignment V 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of electric traction? 2. Draw the speed-time curve of a suburban service train and explain. 3. Derive an expression for specific energy output on level track using a simplified speedtime 4. For a trapezoidal speed-time curve of a electric train, derive expression for maximum speed and distance between stops. 5. Derive expression for the tractive effort for a train on a level track. 6. Explain how electric regeneration braking is obtained with a D.C. locomotive. How is the braking torque varied Assignment VI 1. Discuss the relative merits of electric traction and the factors on which the choice of BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 30

31 traction system depends. 2. Explain the advantages of series parallel control of starting as compared to the Rheostatic starting for a pair of dc traction motors. 3. For a quadrilateral speed-time curve of a electric train, derive expression for the distance between stops and speed at the end of the coasting period. 61. A train is required to run between stations 1.6 kms apart at an average speed of 40 km/hr. Therunis to be made from a quadrilateral speed-time curve. The acceleration is 2 km/hr/sec. The coastingand braking retardations are 0.16 km/hr/sec and 3.2 km/hr/sec respectively. Determine the durationof acceleration, coasting and braking and the distance covered in each period. BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 31

32 Course plan for Electrical Maintenance and Energy Audit Course Code ELE 416 Course Title Electrical Maintenance And Energy Audit Prepared by Mr. P. S. Magdum Semester AY , Sem II Prerequisites The student should know about the basic concepts of Power System and Electrical Machine. Course Outcomes At the end of the course the students should be able to: CO416.1 Understood 2 the basic concept, design and estimation CO416.2 Explain 3 practical aspects of monitoring and maintenance of transformer CO416.3 Explain 2 practical aspects of monitoring and maintenance of Grid Substations CO416.4 Understand3 importance of energy audit and energy security. CO416.5 Follow 4 format of energy management, energy policy and energy audit report. CO416.6 Learn 2 various tools of demand control. Mapping of COs with POs POs a b c d E f g h i j k Cos CO CO CO CO CO CO Course Contents Unit ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AND ENERGY AUDIT of Hours Section I 1. Unit 1: Maintenance: Types of maintenance, maintenance schedules, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 32

33 procedures, Maintenance of Motors: Over hauling of motors, preventive maintenance, trouble shopping of electric motors. Maintenance of Transmission and Distribution System, danger notice, caution notice permit to work, arranging of shutdowns personally and temporary earths cancellation of permit and restoration of supply, Patrolling and visual inspection of lines points to be noted during patrolling from ground: special inspections and night inspections, Location of faults using Meggar, effect of open or loose neutral connections provision of proper fuses on service lines and their effect on system, causes and dim and flickering lights. 2. Unit 2: Maintenance of Distribution Transformers: Transformer maintenance and points to be attended to be attended to in respect of various items of equipment, Checking of insulation resistance transformer oil level and BDV test of oil, measurement of earth resistance. 3. Unit 3: Maintenance of Grid Substations: Checking and maintenance of bus bars, isolating switches, HT/LT circuit breakers, LT switches, Power Transformers. 4. Unit 4: General Aspects of Energy Management and Energy Audit Definition, Need and types of energy audit. Energy management (audit) approach-understanding energy costs, bench marking, energy performance, matching energy use to requirement, maximizing system efficiencies, optimizing the input energy requirements, fuel & energy substitution, energy audit instruments. 5. Unit 5: Energy Audit Methodology & Recent Trends Current Practices, Integration of two or more systems, Switching of Energy Sources, Report writing, preparations and presentations of energy audit reports, Post monitoring of energy conservation projects, MIS,Case studies / Report studies of Energy Audits. Guidelines for writing energy audit report, data presentation in report, findings recommendations, impact of renewable energy on energy audit recommendations. Case studies of implemented energy cost optimization projects in electrical utilities as well as thermal utilities. 6. Unit 6: Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities Electrical system: Electricity billing, electrical load management and maximum demand control, selection and location of capacitors, performance assessment of PF capacitors, distribution and transformer losses. Electric motors: Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 33

34 factors affecting motor performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy saving opportunities with energy efficient motors. Fans and blowers: Types, performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies and energy conservation opportunities. Lighting System: Light source, choice of lighting, luminance requirements, and energy conservation avenues. Reference Books: Sr. Title of Book Author Publisher/Edition Topics 1 Testing, Commissioning S Rao, Technical Publication All Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Khanna,New Delhi 2 Preventive Maintenance of SK Sharotri Katson Publishing 2,3 Electrical Apparatus : 3 Electric Energy Generation, Utilisation and Conservation Sivaganaraju, S Pearson, New Delhi, 2012 Sivaganaraju House Pearson, New Delhi, Energy Management W.R.Murphy, Butterworths 5,6 G.Mckay 5 Industrial Energy Conservation D.A. Reay Pergammon Press 5 4,5 6 Energy Management Handbook W.C. Turner John Wiley and Sons, A Wiley Interscience Publication. All Evaluation scheme: Examination Scheme Theory Term Work POE Total Max. Marks Contact Hours/ week Scheme of Marks Section Unit Title Marks BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 34

35 I II 1 Introduction to Electrical Maintenance Maintenance of Distribution Transformers: 16 3 Maintenance of Grid Substations 18 4 General Aspects of Energy Management and Energy Audit 16 5 Energy Audit Methodology & Recent Trends 16 6 Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities 18 Weight age may differ. Course Utilization CO Evaluation Remark CO416.1 CO416.2 CO416.3 CO416.4 CO416.5 CO416.6 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 1 question on unit 1 and 2 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 3 and 4 with 15 marks each 1 question on unit 5 and 6 with 15 marks each Unit wise Lesson Plan Unit No Section I 1 Unit Title Introduction to Electrical Maintenance. Planned Hrs. 10 Class Details to be covered 1 Types of maintenance, maintenance schedules, procedures, 2 Maintenance of Motors: Over hauling of motors, preventive maintenance 3 Trouble shopping of electric motors. 4 Maintenance of Transmission and Distribution System, danger notice, caution notice permit to work BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 35

36 5 arranging of shutdowns personally and temporary earths cancellation of permit and restoration of supply 6 Patrolling and visual inspection of lines points to be noted during patrolling from ground 7 Special inspections and night inspections,. 8 Location of faults using Meggar, 9 effect of open or loose neutral connections provision of proper fuses on service lines and their effect on system 10 causes and dim and flickering lights Q1 State and explain difference between EHVAC Transmission line and CO416.1 HVDC. Q2 What is meant by Stability, explain different terms related to Stability? CO416.1 Unit No 2 Unit Title Maintenance of Distribution Transformers. Planned Hrs. 8 Class Details to be covered 1 to 4 Transformer maintenance and points to be attended to be attended to in respect of various items of equipment. 6 Checking of insulation resistance transformer oil level 7 Checking of insulation resistance transformer BDV test of oil 8 Measurement of earth resistance. Q1 Explain Transformer maintenance CO416.2 Q2 Explain Checking of insulation resistance transformer oil level CO416.2 Q3 Explain Checking of insulation resistance transformer BDV test of oil CO416.2 Unit No 3 Unit Title Maintenance of Grid Substations Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered 1 Checking and maintenance of bus bars, 2 Checking and maintenance isolating switches 3 Checking and maintenance HT circuit breakers, 4 Checking and maintenance LT circuit breakers, 5 Checking and maintenance LT switches, 6 Checking and maintenance Power Transformers. 6 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 36

37 Q1 Explain Checking and maintenance of bus bars. CO416.3 Q2 Explain Checking and maintenance HT circuit breakers. CO416.3 Q3 Explain Checking and maintenance LT circuit breakers. CO416.3 Q4 Checking and maintenance Power Transformers. CO416.3 Unit No 4 Unit Title General Aspects of Energy Management and Energy Audit Planned Hrs. Class Details to be covered 1 Definition, Need and types of energy audit. 2 Energy management (audit) approach, understanding energy costs, bench marking, 3 Energy performance, matching energy use to requirement 4 Maximizing system efficiencies, 5 Optimizing the input energy requirements, fuel & energy substitution, 6 Energy audit instruments, 1 Explain Need and types of energy audit. CO Describe Optimizing the input energy requirements CO Explain types of Energy audit instruments, CO416.4 Unit No 5 Unit Title Energy Audit Methodology & Recent Trends Planned Hrs. 10 Class Details to be covered 1 Current Practices, Integration of two or more systems, 2 Switching of Energy Sources, Report writing, 3 Preparations and presentations of energy audit reports, 4 Post monitoring of energy conservation projects, MIS,Case studies, 5 Report studies of Energy Audits. 6 Guidelines for writing energy audit report, 7 Data presentation in report, findings recommendations, 8 Impact of renewable energy on energy audit recommendations. 9 Case studies of implemented energy cost optimization projects in electrical. 10 Case studies of implemented energy cost optimization projects in thermal utilities. 1 Explain steps of energy audit report CO416.5 BE Electrical (Semester-VIII) Page 37 6