Second Edition. Power Electronics. Devices and Circuits. V. Jagannathan
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1 Second Edition Power Electronics Devices and Circuits V. Jagannathan
2 Power Electronics Devices and Circuits SECOND EDITION V. Jagannathan Professor and Head Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore New Delhi
3 POWER ELECTRONICS: Devices and Circuits, Second Edition V. Jagannathan 2011 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Seventh Printing (Second Edition) L L November, 2010 Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi and Printed by Baba Barkha Nath Printers, Bahadurgarh, Haryana
4 Contents Preface 1. Introduction What is Power Electronics? History Power Electronics Applications Power Semiconductor Devices and Their Classifications Power Semiconductor Devices: Characteristics and Ratings Ideal and Real Switches: Comparison of Characteristics Ideal Switch Characteristics Desirable Characteristics of a Real Switch Power Loss Characteristics of an Ideal Switch Power Loss Characteristics in a Real Switch Power Electronic Systems Types of Power Electronic Circuits/Converters Merits and Demerits of Power Electronic Converters Recent Developments 12 Summary 13 Solved Examples 14 Review Questions 18 Problems Power Switching Devices and their Characteristics Preliminaries Power Diodes Diode V I Characteristics Diode Reverse Recovery Characteristics Types and Ratings of Power Diodes Series and Parallel Operation of Diodes 23 iii xi
5 iv Contents 2.3 Thyristors Structure, Symbol, and V I Characteristics Transistor Analogy Thyristor Turn-on Methods Thyristor Turn-off Methods Switching Characteristics of Thyristors Switching Characteristics during Turn-on Switching Characteristics during Turn-off Thyristor Gate Characteristics Thyristor Commutation Methods Natural Commutation Forced Commutation Thyristor Protection Over Voltage Protection Suppression of Overvoltages Overcurrent Protection Snubber Circuits Thyristor Ratings Anode Voltage Ratings Current Ratings Surge Current Rating I 2 t Rating di/dt Rating Series and Parallel Operation of Thyristors Series Operation Parallel Operation Triggering of Thyristors Triggering of Thyristors in Series Triggering of Parallel Connected SCRs Heat Sinks, Heating, Cooling and Mounting of Thyristors Thermal Resistance Thyristor Heat Sinks Thyristor Trigger Circuits RC Firing Circuits Synchronized UJT Triggering (or Ramp Triggering) Ramp and Pedestal Triggering Pulse Transformers Other Thyristor Devices TRIAC DIAC LASCR Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT) Silicon Unilateral Switch (SUS) Reverse Conducting Thyristor (RCT) GTO (Gate-Turn-Off) Thyristor 68
6 Contents v 2.14 Power Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Power MOSFET Comparison of MOSFET and BJT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) Basic Structure Equivalent Circuit Operation Models Output Characteristics Transfer Characteristics Switching Characteristics Latch-up Safe Operating Area (SOA) Applications MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) Typical Rating of High Power Devices Driver Circuits for Gate Commutation Devices GATE Drive Circuits for Power MOSFET Driver Circuits for MOSFET Driver Circuits for IGBT Base-Drive Circuits for Power BJT GATE Drive Circuits for GTO 92 Solved Examples 93 Review Questions 104 Problems AC to DC Converters Preliminaries The Principle of Phase Control Converter Classifications Single-phase Half Wave Thyristor Rectifier with RL Load Single-phase Half Wave Thyristor Rectifier with RL Load and Free-wheeling Diode Single-phase Half Wave Thyristor Rectifier with RLE Load Single-phase Full Wave Thyristor Converters Single-phase Full Wave Mid-point Thyristor Converter Single-phase Full Wave Bridge Converters Single-phase Bridge Rectifier Connected to Resistance Load Series RL Load RL Load with Free-wheeling Diode Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Feeding RLE Load Single-phase Semi-converter Calculation of Active and Reactive Power Inputs Effect of Load Inductance Three-phase Thyristor Converter Circuits Three-phase Half Wave Converter 128
7 vi Contents Three-phase Full Converters Line Commutated Three-phase Inverter Three-phase Semi-converters Effect of Source Impedance on the Performance of Converters Single-phase Full Converter Three-phase Full Converter Bridge Dual Converters Dual Converter without Circulating Current Dual Converter with Circulating Current Single Phase Series Converters Two Semiconverters in Series Two Single Phase Full Converters in Series Twelve-pulse Converters Gating Circuits Cosine Firing Scheme 147 Solved Examples 149 Review Questions 161 Problems AC to AC Converters Preliminaries AC Voltage Controllers Types of AC Voltage Controllers Methods of Voltage Control Single-phase AC Voltage Controller Supplying R Loads (Phase Control) Single-phase AC Voltage Controller Supplying R Loads (Integral Cycle Control) Single-phase Voltage Controller Supplying RL Loads Three-phase AC Voltage Controller Single-phase Transformer Tap Changer Cycloconverters Principle of Operation Single-phase to Single-phase Cycloconverter Feeding RL Load Three-phase to Single-phase Cycloconverters Three-phase to Three-phase Cycloconverter Output Voltage Equation Effect of Source Inductance 189 Solved Examples 190 Review Questions 194 Problems DC to DC Converters (Choppers) Preliminaries Principle of Chopper Operation 197
8 Contents vii 5.3 Control Schemes Constant Frequency Scheme Variable Frequency Scheme Current Limit Control (CLC) Step Up Choppers Chopper Circuits: Classification Steady State Time Domain Analysis of Type A Chopper Thyristor Based Chopper Circuits Voltage Commutated Chopper Current Commutated Chopper Load Commutated Chopper Multiphase Choppers Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) Switch Mode DC DC Converter (without Isolation) Buck Converter Boost-type Converter Buck Boost Converter Cuk Converters Switch Mode DC DC Converter (with Isolation) Fly Back Converter Push Pull Converter Half-bridge Converter Full-bridge Converter Resonant Converters Zero-current Switching Resonant Converters Zero-voltage Switching Resonant Converters Comparison between ZCS and ZVS converters 240 Solved Examples 241 Review Questions 246 Problems Inverters Preliminaries Classification Parallel Inverters Basic Parallel Inverter Modified Parallel Inverter Series Inverters Basic Series Inverter Modifications of Series Inverter Single-phase Bridge Voltage Source Inverter Single-phase Half Bridge Inverter Single-phase Full Bridge Inverter Steady State Response of Single-phase Inverters 260
9 viii Contents 6.6 Force Commutated Thyristor Inverter McMurray Inverter (Auxiliary Commutated Inverter) Modified McMurray Full Bridge Inverter McMurray Bedford Half Bridge Inverter (Complementary Impulse Commutated Inverter) Three-phase Bridge Inverters Three-phase Inverter under 180 Mode Operation Three-phase Inverter under 120 Mode Operation Voltage Control in Single-phase Inverters External Control of the AC Output Voltage External Control of the DC Input Voltage Through Variable DC Link Internal Control of the Inverter Voltage Pulse Width Modulated Inverters Voltage Control of Three-phase Inverter Harmonic Reduction in the Output Voltage Harmonic Reduction by Transformer Connections Harmonic Reduction by Multiple Commutation in Each Half Cycle Current Source Inverter Single-phase Capacitor Commutated Current Source Inverter with R Load Single-phase Auto-sequential Commutated Inverter (One-phase ASCI) Three-phase Current Source Inverter 288 Solved Examples 289 Review Questions 296 Problems Power Controllers: Their Applications Preliminaries DC Motor Speed Control Principle of Speed Control Phase Controlled Converters Single-phase DC Drives Three-phase DC Drives Dual Converter Drives Chopper Controlled DC Drives AC Drives Induction Motor Drives Speed Control by Stator Voltage Control Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Control Speed Control by Chopper Controlled Rotor Resistance Slip Power Recovery Control Synchronous Motor Control Static Circuit Breakers DC Circuit Breakers AC Circuit Breakers 321
10 Contents ix 7.8 HVDC Transmission Types of HVDC Lines Converter Station Static Var Systems Thyristor Controlled Reactor-fixed (TCR) Capacitor Thyristor Switched Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TSC TCR) Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) On-Line UPS Off-Line UPS Salient Features of an On-Line Inverter Inverters Transfer Switch 331 Solved Examples 332 Review Questions Microcontroller Based Control and Protection Circuits Preliminaries The 8051 Microcontroller The 8051 Pin Configuration Architecture Memory Organization The Special Function Register Timers/Counters The Serial Interface The Interrupts The Power Control Register (PCON) The Instruction Set Addressing Modes Arithmetic Instructions Logical Instructions Data Transfer Instructions Boolean Instructions The Program Branching and Machine Control Instructions Instruction Timing Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller Interfacing External Memory Interfacing an Input/Output Device Interfacing an Analog to Digital Converter Interfacing a Digital to Analog Converter Interfacing a Relay and an Optocoupler Interfacing a Pulse Transformer Applications SCR Triggering Cycloconverter Fault Diagnosis in Three-phase Thyristor Converters Using Microcontroller 357
11 Power Electronics : Devices And Circuits 25% OFF Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : Author : JAGANNATHAN, V. Type the URL : 69 Get this ebook
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