Energy Storage: Current and Future Trends

Transcription

1 Energy Storage: Current and Future Trends Dr Terence Goh, PhD, DIC Energy Storage Leader (APAC) Principal Consultant 1 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

2 PRESENTATION TOPICS When is storage relevant or needed? Climate Change Ageing Grids Renewable Power Fluctuations Distributed Energy Resources Thailand s Smart Grid Masterplan Types of Storage Applications Maturity of Energy Storage Technologies PV + Battery Cost? Emerging Dynamics: The Magnificent Seven Energy Storage Services GRIDSTOR Recommended Practices on Safety, Ops and Performance 2

3 Climate Change: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage Natural disasters, as a result of climate change, have increased visibility of electric power systems and their interdependence Japan's Fukushima prefecture is most commonly associated with the 2011 tsunami disaster. Super Typhoon Vongfong (2014) and Soudelor (2015) lashed the Pacific Rim countries (China, Taiwan, Philippines, Japan), including Saipan. Two severe storm fronts swept across South Australia on 28 Sep The power went out across the state about 3.45pm, when there was heavy rain, lightning and thunder over the capital. Extended outages result in economic, security, and consumer confidence problems: Homes destroyed, all transportation modes disrupted Storage, as part of islanded microgrid, is able to supply critical loads day and night in the absence of electric and gas infrastructure 3

4 Ageing Grids: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage Energy Storage whose rated power output is 4% to 5% of the T&D equipment s load carrying capacity could be used to defer an upgrade by one to two years. Similarly, to extend the life of ageing T&D equipment a small amount of storage is used to reduce the peak demand served by the equipment. Energy Storage could be deployed in all 4 segments: from power generation to customers. 1 QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure April 2015 The standard voltage levels of EGAT transmission system are 500 kv, 230 kv, 132 kv, 115 kv, and 69 kv at operation frequency of 50 Hz. 4

5 Thailand s Power Requirement Snapshot Power Demand Forecast: 2.67% growth from 2014 to 2036 In 2036: Energy demand would be 326,119 GWh Power Demand would be 49,655 MW As of Dec 2014, Alternative Energy Development Plan Smart Grid Development Master Plan ( ) was approved on 16 th February, 2015, by NEPC. EGAT, PEA, MEA and educational institutions should develop their own budget and direction in alignment to the Master Plan. 5

6 Thailand s Smart Grid Roadmap 6

7 Integration of EGAT, PEA, MEA Smart Grid Roadmaps MEA Smart Grid 7

8 Thai s EGAT & PEA investing in micro-grid, energy storage and EV 8

9 Thailand Market According to Dr Twarath Sutabutr (Dir, EPPO), the three innovations that will affect daily life most significantly will be: Energy Management System, Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles. 9

10 Improving on Resiliency: Distributed Energy Resources Energy storage systems distributed at strategic points in the electric grid can communicate with the grid operator to help pinpoint the location of grid failures, absorb unexpected fluctuations in electricity levels, and temporarily compensate for losses in electric generation. These abilities can make energy storage systems a valuable tool for improving the resiliency of electricity grids. The market for community resilience microgrids, which either can operate in sync with the broader electric grid or provide electricity independently during power outages, is poised to grow rapidly, from $162.9 million in 2015 to $1.4 billion by 2024 (Navigant). 10

11 Renewables Power Fluctuations: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage (1) Distribution level impacts will be modeled on a PNNL test feeder Taxonomy Feeder R West Coast temperate climate region Moderately populated suburban / lightly populated rural Circuit 70% overhead and 30% underground Urban substation feeding a rural load through a long primary circuit Nodes 337 Voltage (kv) Peak Load (kw) 2830 Voltage Regulators 0 Reclosers 0 Residential Transformers 227 Commercial Transformers 13 Industrial Transformer 0 Agricultural Transformer 0 PNNL, Modern Grid Initiative, Distribution Taxonomy Final Report, Prepared for DOE, Nov. 15, Plot of Test Feeder R Jul 2015

12 Renewables Power Fluctuations: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage (2) Storage and Distributed PV Placement Node Shared Service Storage Device Distributed PV Line UL_80-BN Node Multiple PV installations distributed downstream from storage device Storage ability to mitigate intermittence and localize disturbances will be demonstrated Focus on neighborhood section of the feeder Jul 2015

13 Renewables Power Fluctuations: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage (3) Storage controls for PV smoothing can be simulated Causal moving average filter: Uses only past information to determine future outputs Every time step storage is dispatched based on average of previous time window of PV output Other control methods exist and may provide better smoothing results Non-causal moving average filter Optimal control filter A. Puri, DNV GL, Optimally Smoothing Output of PV Farms, IEEE PES General Meeting, Jul 2015

14 Per Unit Nodal Voltage (12.47 kv Base) Per Unit Nodal Voltage (12.47 kv Base) Line Flow (kw) PV Output (normalized) Line Flow (kw) Renewables Power Fluctuations: Resiliency is driving interest in Storage (4) Storage on the feeder can localize disturbances Example below demonstrates storage ability to smooth intermittency caused by downstream PV generation Intermittent System Power Flow (kw) from Customer Sited PV Minutes of Day Resulting Reference Voltage (p.u.) Smoothing 0.2 Controls PV Output - Overcast Day 250 Smoothed Power Flow (kw) with Storage Minutes of Day Time Resulting (minutes) Smoothed Reference Voltage (p.u.) Minutes of Day Minutes of Day Jul 2015

15 Types of Storage Applications (1) The term energy storage is used to refer to a variety of technologies that primarily store electrical energy for later use when it is most needed. These technologies range from fast-response energy storage, such as lithium-ion batteries, that can help electric grid operators and utilities manage electricity distribution, provide backup power to home- owners and commercial customers, and power electric vehicles, to bulk storage systems such as pumped hydroelectric facilities and compressed air, that can provide electricity to meet substantial demand over time. Source: Adapted from EPRI,

16 Types of Storage Applications (2) 16

17 MATURITY OF ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 17

18 PV+Battery cost is dropping.. Ergon Energy (July 2014): In the longer term, if the price of battery energy storage systems falls as predicted, then it may also create an option for customers to store the excess electricity created during the day for their own use at night. If the stored power is used during peak times, this has the potential to help manage future prices for all customers. There is no consensus in price forecasts other than it will continue its decline 18

19 DNVGL Forecast (latest 2017) A 1MW / 1MWh Li-ion system, which currently still costs more than USD 650,000 in total, will cost not more than USD 350,000 in Renewable Energy World, Jan 2017 Much more aggressive estimation has been made in the automobile industry, which is seemed as the main driver of Li-ion battery cost reduction. Among them, Tesla has claimed the per kwh cost of Li-ion battery will probably reach US$100 in

20 Emerging Dynamics - The Magnificent Seven (1) 1. Costs declining rapidly for BESS as well as renewables, especially PV. 2. Storage key enabler to increase renewable penetration by smoothing variable resource on the grid 3. Renewable key enabler to accelerate commercialization of existing and emerging energy storage technologies new market for repurposing 2 nd Life EV batteries 4. Resiliency (Microgrids/ Virtual Power Plants): Deployment of small energy storage systems at critical junction points (e.g., transformers, feeder networks, sub-stations) for electric grid resilience + At the same time, selling the aggregate capacity of the systems in regional transmission capacity markets. 20

21 Emerging Dynamics - The Magnificent Seven (2) 5. Stacked values: Renewables and Storage deployments can provide income and cost benefits on both sides of meter 6. Regulatory requirements and financial incentives emerging in several countries 7. Emotional appeal: customer demand for more energy independence new product / service June 2016: BMW Is Turning Used EV i3 Batteries Into Home Energy Storage Units 21

22 DNV GL Energy storage services Impact - Technology and Market assessment - Business case analysis - (Grid) Modelling - Due Diligence - Technology selection Performance - Modelling - Testing - Power Failure Investigation - Prototype development - Inspection Implementation - Owners engineer - Bankability assessment - Procurement and commissioning support. - Acceptance test 22

23 Recommended practice on grid-connected energy storage DNV GL issued a Recommended Practice (RP-043) on grid-connected energy storage (Publication: December 2015 (IEC TC-120: late 2017) Guidelines and methods to evaluate, assess and test safety, operation and performance of grid-connected ES Referencing ISO, IEC and IEEE standards if possible, enhancing where needed Approach: technology agnostic, specific where necessary; worldwide application Objective: Reduce risks, stimulate safe and optimal implementation Provide industry guidance in the absence of comprehensive standards Standards Australia DNVGL is working with both the Australian Energy Storage Council and the Clean Energy Council on standards AS/ NZS 5139 Safety of On-site battery Installation integrated with Power Conversion Equipment (currently being drafted by Standards Australia technical committee El-042) 23

24 Standards coverage on safety, performance & operations Lead Acid Li-ion Flow AS/ NZS 5139 to provide guidelines that will minimize hazards from electrical shocks, energy, fire, chemical and explosions. Installation requirements on earthing, site, signage, testing & commissioning 24

25 Benefits of GRIDSTOR Update for specific organisations Utilities and grid service providers o Independent guideline documents o Manualfor all process phases/aspects o Confidence in performance as specified Manufacturers/system integrators o Proof of quality,reliability, performance o Distinction from competition Insurance companies o Reduced risks by independent and open guidelines based on industry experience Investors o Confidence in investment (reduced risks) o Understanding of technologies and systems Available for free at (DNV GL - Energy RPs)

26 Recent project references on Energy Storage (1) DNV GL has executed several projects in market studies, system design and site inspections. # Project Topic 1 Energy Storage Market Study for Korea (Thailand) REC Multiplier with Energy Storage 2 Li-ion Factory Standards & Processes Advisory (Thailand) Standards & process mapping 3 Market Study on Energy Storage (Thailand) Competitive Study on Li-ion market 4 Li-ion Factory Site Inspection (USA) China Factories Site Inspection 5 Market Study for Investors (Japan) Competitive Market Study on energy storage 6 Solar Ramp Rate Control (India) Simulation study on energy storage deployment and control 7 2 nd Life Assessment on Batteries (Japan) System Validation on 2 nd life utility-scale batteries in USA 8 Microgrid Project(Philippines) Simulation and electrical SLD study for diesel gensets, solar, waste heat recovery system and batteries 9 Technical Due Diligence - HEPCO, Japan Energy Storage control on solar ramp/minute and curtailment 10 Technical Due Diligence -Conergy, Australia s first gridconnected, utility scale, battery storage project Safety, ops and performance on 1.4MW/5.3MWh Li-ion BESS MW Microgrid (phase 1) - Philippines Optimization on diesel generators, solar, energy storage under a regulatory framework 26

27 Manufacturing/ QC Project (4-11 August 2017) 27

28 Microgrid Project - Philippines The MG has eight (8) DGs to support around 5 MW demand through four (4) 13.2 kv feeders. Additional Solar PV, Energy Storage and Heat Recovery System will be added to the current MG. 28

29 Conergy: Australia s first grid-connected, utility scale, battery storage project (1) The $42.5 million project is located off the Mulligan Highway at Lakeland in Far North Queensland. It is designed to consistently feed renewable energy into the grid and Demonstrate the capability for largescale solar and storage to provide reliable future power quality and supply at a fringe-of-grid location. The project consists of a 13MWp/10.8MWac solar power PV ground-mounted array (featuring 41,440 solar panels), with a 1.4MW/5.3MWh storage solution that will create a consistent power supply, even during times of cloud cover. 29

30 Conergy: Australia s first grid-connected, utility scale, battery storage project (2) Certifications: UL 1642: Standard for lithium ion battery safety (cell level safety) UL 1973: Standard for batteries for use in Light Electric Rail (LER) applications and stationary applications UL 9540: Outline of investigation for energy storage system and equipment UL 1741: standard for inverters, converters, controllers and interconnection system The 1.4 MVA energy storage system (ESS) from Autarsys comprises three (3) shipping containers and includes lithium-ion batteries from Samsung, battery management systems, battery inverters from MR, electrical protection, control systems and a combined cooling system. The system has a useable energy of 4.2 MWh at an 80% depth of discharge. 30

31 SUMMARY According to IHS (2017), energy storage installations has surpassed 2.3GWh up from 1.4GWh the previous year. It is trending up in the areas of: a. Energy Storage, in combination with PV, being deployed at the residential level (Australia, Singapore, India). b. Energy Storage, at utility-scale, being deployed at distribution sub-station (node level), to handle renewable fluctuations (Singapore, Thailand, USA, Philippines, Malaysia, China). c. Energy Storage is being deployed in proximity to wind turbines to handle wind power fluctuations and curtailment (Japan, Taiwan, China). d. Energy Storage, as part of microgrid, to enhance grid resilience against natural disasters and provide power in off-grid situations (Australiasia, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India). e. Weaving Energy Storage into Governmental Regulatory Framework and test-bedding projects (Australia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia). f. GRIDSTOR: Recommended Practices and Standards (APAC) 31

32 THE END Dr Terence Goh, Principal Consultant Energy Storage Lead (APAC) SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 32