Wind Powered Electric Energy Generation Small Generator Economics

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1 Wind Powered Electric Energy Generation Small Generator Economics David Ryan PE, NCAT David Ryan PE Energy Engineer NCAT

2 About the National Center for Appropriate Technology Founded in 1976 Championing sustainable technologies and helping people, especially economically disadvantaged people, to be more self reliant. Focus on local and simple, sustainable and clean solutions to energy problems

3 What We ll be Talking About Interconnection or not Net metering, net billing, sale to utilities Costs and Revenues Photos of different wind machines Answer questions

4 Wind electric generation basics (or any electric generation) Identify loads and energy requirements of Host Estimate fuel costs Select candidate generator and Balance of System If interconnecting, utility agreement Identify funding sources Calculate economics

5 Power and Energy Concepts All generators have capacity to make power out of some fuel ( energy conversion ). KiloWatt Producing this power for a period of time is called Energy. KiloWatt-Hour Voltage is to electric power as height is to water power. Current is to electric power as flow rate is to water power. There are always losses.

6 Power and Energy Concepts We have to provide the power needed to run our equipment (pump, lights, whatever). If we are going to make our own power, we have to size the generator to meet the power requirements (also called demand of the equipment). How much of the time the equipment runs then determines how much energy the equipment uses, and how much energy the generator has to make.

7 Power and Energy Concepts Wind and solar energy is intermittent Can use as is, or can be stored in water tank, pond, or electric storage batteries. Larger generators (10 KW+) should be grid tied or used with thermal generators (reciprocating engines for example) in a hybrid system

8 Identify loads and energy requirements of Host Estimate fuel costs Get electric bills or fuel bills add up annual energy Identify load and current carrying capacity of circuit breakers If replacing/supplementing engine power, add up fuel deliveries and convert to KWh

9 Identify loads and energy requirements of Host For water pumping, calculate the power requirements based on the depth of the well and the flow rate needed. KW=.00034*gallons per minute*head/efficiency KWh=KW*time pump runs

10 Identify loads and energy requirements of Host For irrigation systems, energy is based on acre feet required, total dynamic head of the system, and the plant efficiency KW=total equipment load/efficiency (KWh=acre-feet*1.0241*head/efficiency)

11 Wind Energy Basics Gotta have wind Gotta have transmission Gotta have a customer Gotta have financing

12 Match Generator with Load and Host energy use Wind Resource Energy Usage KWh YYYYMM

13 Match Generator with Load and Generator Power Curve Wind Resource

14 Match Generator with Load and Wind Resource Wind Frequency Distribution

15 Match Generator with Load and Wind Resource Hand Calculation of Energy Production

16 Match Generator with Load and Wind Resource Host energy use average of 220,000 Kwh per year Generation from 50 KW wind turbine 164,801 Good fit for annual energy true-up

17 Match Generator with Load and Wind Resource Quick and Dirty Version See generator manufacturer s web sites

18 Match Generator with Load and Wind Resource Stock watering 300 ft well, 2.0 GPM Requires 260 watts KWh each hour, 120 GPH 2277 KWh per year Pick a 1000 watt generator Use a battery, controller and dump load

19 Cost Analysis Tools Small Wind Energy Economic Model 2.0

20 Net Metering Up to 10 KW on Most Rural Electric Cooperatives Up to 50 KW on NorthWestern Energy Generator Located on Customer Side of Meter One Generator per Meter One Meter per Generator Rate is same as rate on power bill ($100.00/MWh) Generator Does Not Contribute to Demand Charge (Energy Only) On-Grid Larger System (10KW up)

21 On-Grid System Net Metering Used with permission. C2005 Home Power magazine,

22 Net Metering Ponderables One meter, Two meter question One generator, two meter question What the heck is Retail energy

23 Utility Contract QF Qualifying Facility under PURPA Limit 10 MW in Montana Different ways to calculate rate Simplest rate $49.90 per MWH Bigger Machines 65 KW- 1.5 MW+

24 Resources