Handout Homework page 1 of 6. JEE 4360 Energy Alternatives Handout (HO) Homework Problems

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1 Handout Homework page 1 of 6 JEE 4360 Energy Alternatives Handout (HO) Homework Problems These problems are due as stated on the syllabus. 1. Forecasting: Energy prices change regularly. Forecast the St. Louis area retail price of regular unleaded gasoline. Your forecast will be compared to the St. Louis Average price as shown on a. Forecast the price per US Gallon of regular unleaded gasoline for 9/15, 10/1, 11/1, and 11/15. b. Forecast the average price for the 3-month period September through November. c. State the references and / or method that you used for your forecast. 2. Unit Conversion: On 4/20/2010, the Deepwater Horizon disaster occurred resulting in oil spill estimated at 52,700-62,200 barrels daily for an estimated total of 4.9 million barrels spilled over 86 days. Calculate the following using the average daily flow. a. # of US Gallons per day b. # of liters per day c. Tonne of oil equivalent (toe) per day d. BTU / day e. kwh / day f. J / day g. What % of USA average daily oil use is this? 3. Unit Conversion table: Make a table that translates different energy units a. one BTU equals how many kcal, electron volt, HP-hr, Joule, kwh, lb forceft, therm, tonne of oil equivalent, and quadrillion BTU b. one Joule equals how many BTU, kcal, electron volt, HP-hr, kwh, lb forceft, therm, tonne of oil equivalent, and quadrillion BTU c. one each of BTU, kcal, electron volt, HP-hr, Joule, kwh, lb force-ft, therm, tonne of oil equivalent, and quadrillion BTU equals how many i. BTU ii. Joule d. State the exojoule to quadrillion BTU conversion 4. EV Economics 1: Read the Wall Street Journal July, 2011 article on Electric Vehicle (EV) costs and breakeven analysis. Develop general equations that compare cumulative extra cost of ownership for conventional internal combustion (IC), electric(ev), hybrid(h), and plug-in hybrid (PEV). Name your variables consistent with Vanek, P for Present Cost, F for Future Cost, A for Annual Cost, M for miles per gallon, i for interest rate, etc. Plug in the values in the article to prove your derived equations for each technology for year 1 and 10 endpoints on the chart. 5. Life Cycle Analysis: Perform a qualitative life cycle analysis for your assigned product container. a. Make a table listing the Activity Categories of Table 2-3 but state the Typical Activities that apply to your assigned container. b. State the advantages and disadvantages of your container material.

2 Handout Homework page 2 of 6 c. Determine the weight of one 12 fluid ounce container made of this material. What % of the total weight is the container (assume your fluid weighs 8 lb/gal)? Provide your basis. d. Assigned containers: i. Aluminum can ii. Glass bottle iii. Plastic bottle iv. Paper and wax carton 6. Climate Change: IPCC AR4 report states global temperature change has the likely range of 2.0 to 4.5 C, but very unlikely <1.5 C with a best estimate about 3 C. a. Pick the model from those shown below that will yield the best estimate in b. Then develop closed form curve fit for it, show that explicit equation. c. Then make a table showing temperature rise from the model, your curve fit, and your curve fit s % error every 20 years from 2000 through 2100 inclusive. 7. Thermodynamics: Draw a thermodynamic cycle diagram for the Mizzou Combined Heat and Power facilities. 8. EV Economics 2: Use the present Ameren Missouri electric rates, $3.75/gal regular gasoline price, present IC 26 mpg, and present 58 mpg for a hybrid to calculate the cumulative extra cost of ownership for conventional internal combustion (IC), electric(ev), hybrid(h), and plug-in hybrid (PEV) for years 1 and

3 Handout Homework page 3 of Make a chart. [use your derivation / corrected homework for HO#4] State the breakeven years for each technology curve crossing. 9. Economics: Bud pays 35 cents / kwh for the 12,775 kwh his California home uses each year. Bud decides to install a photovoltaic system to generate all his own electricity needs. It costs $8.50 / W installed and has a 20 year life. His house averages the equivalent of 5 hours full sun daily. a. Assuming uniform usage, what size system (in Watts) should Bud install? b. Using simple payback, after how many years does Bud breakeven? c. Considering the time value of money, what interest rate does Bud earn over the 20 year life? 10. Energy use: For the 2010 year, the Ameren Missouri 1.1 million residential customers used 14,640 million kwh of electric energy. If 85% of this was generated using coal, and it takes one pound of coal to produce one kwh, how many pounds of CO2 did the average customer cause? 11. EV Economics 3: Use the present Ameren Missouri electric rates, $3.75/gal regular gasoline price, your own car s IC xx mpg, your own annual miles, and Prof Nauert s present 50 mpg for a Prius hybrid to calculate the cumulative extra cost of ownership for conventional internal combustion (IC), and hybrid(h). [use your derivation / corrected homework for HO#4] State the breakeven years for each technology. What is the effect of gasoline cost rising to $5 / gallon? 12. Life Cycle Energy Analysis: Perform a life cycle energy analysis for your assigned product container from problem 5 above. Base your analysis on one model year 2000 light duty truckload of a liquid product in 12 fluid ounce containers made of this material. Assume the truck s load is 4,000 pounds of 8 lb/gal liquid and you are transporting it 200 miles. a. Based on your container weight from 5c, determine how much of the liquid product you can transport. b. Determine the transportation energy consumption for your container material. i. First, use Table 14-2 and pages to calculate the energy to move the whole 4000 lb load. ii. Then assign the appropriate portion of this energy to your total container weight. iii. Finally, determine the energy for one such 12 fl oz container. c. Based on 13b and Table 14-4, determine the Production energy consumed in making one of your containers. d. We will compare these four containers in class after this problem is collected. 13. Wind Power: For each wind turbine (A on the left through F on the right) below a. Derive general equations as a function of d diameter to calculate the power of the wind for the swept area Pwind, and the energy Ewind. b. Extend the equation in (a) to calculate the energy output Eout assuming an operating efficiency Eff times the Betz Limit. c. Calculate the Pwind, Ewind, and Eout for 2000 hours annually at 12.5 m/s wind speed for Efficiencies varying from 50% for A, 55% for B, etc. to 75% for F (the 120m).

4 Handout Homework page 4 of 6 d. For turbine D (d=85m) calculate Pwind, Ewind, and Eout for the bin table using the average speed below if Efficiency is 65% Bin Min m/s Max m/s Hrs / yr Avg speed e. 14. Large Wind Farm: The Roscoe Texas Wind Farm is now the world s largest with 627 turbines that can produce up to 781.5MW peak output. Its $1.05 billion installed cost is financed at 4%. Find the net present worth earned by the owner using these reasonable assumptions: MW Turbine C and wind profile from problem 12; energy sells for $30/MWh on peak and $10/MWh off peak; turbines produce 20% of the total energy on peak; Renewable Energy Credits are worth $1.50/MWh; Production tax credits are worth $10.50/MWh; the landowner is paid $0.90/MWh; average annual maintenance cost is $6500 / turbine; and salvage value is $80 million after the wind farm s 25 year life. 15. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): The Ivanpah solar project in southern California will have 392 MW of CSP capacity. US DOE has guaranteed a $1.6 billion dollar loan thus enabling a 3.5% rate for the 30 year project life. a. How many acres and mirrors can be expected if the 354MW Kramer CSP has 936,384 mirrors on 1600 acres?

5 Handout Homework page 5 of 6 b. Per NREL this location gets 7.5 kwh / sq. m / day on average. If 15% of this is captured, and the steam plant is 37% efficient, calculate the annual MWh production expected. c. Calculate the annual cash flow using the same on / off peak energy, REC, and production tax credit pricing as problem 14. Use a maintenance cost of $1800/acre and landowner royalties of $0.90/MWh. 85% of energy production is on peak. d. Find the capacity and energy if this same site instead installed Photovoltaic thin film panels that Ameren used. e. Calculate the annual cash flow using the same values in (c), except that only 80% is on peak energy, DC to AC efficiency is 85%, and use 84% of the Ameren installed cost per kw because of economy of scale. 16. f.

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