SEI Overview - Wind Power

Transcription

1 SEI Overview - Wind Power Carbondale/Paonia Colorado

2 WHY WIND (renewables)? Gain energy independence from fossil fuels Ease demand on the power grid Reduce vulnerability to volatile utility prices Reduce air pollution

3 History of Wind Power years ago, in the Middle East years ago in Europe 140 years ago, water-pumping wind mills 70 years ago, electric power Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

4 US Wind Resource Map

5 Wind Power

6 Wind Turbines Sizes Utility-Scale Wind Power 600-1,800 kw wind turbines Installed on wind farms, MW Professional maintenance crews 13 mph (6 m/s) average wind speed 1.5 MW Small Wind Power 300 W kw wind turbines Installed at individual homes, farms, businesses, schools, etc MW On the customer side of the meter, or off the utility grid entirely High reliability, low maintenance 9 mph (4 m/s) average wind speed 150 times the size

7 GE Wind Energy 3.6 MW turbine Slide Courtesy of Morey Wolfson

8 Photo Courtesy of American Electric Power

9 Boeing GE WindEnergy 3.6 MW Prototype Spain Slide Courtesy of Morey Wolfson

10 Modern Small Wind Turbines High Tech, High Reliability, Low Maintenance Small turbines range from 20 W to 100 kw Only 3-4 moving parts means very low maintenance 20- to 40-year design life Proven technology 150,000 installed; over a billion operational hours 10 kw 3 kw 50 kw American companies are the market and technology leaders Substantial cost-reduction potential 400 W (Not to scale) Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

11 How Small Wind Turbines Work Wind Turbine (400 W-100 kw) Guyed or Tilt-Up Tower ( ft) Cumulative Production Meter Safety Switch AC Load Center Power Processing Unit (Inverter) Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

12 Home-Built Wind Turbines For serious do-it-yourselfers only

13 Typical Applications Farms, Homes, Businesses Offsetting Utility Power Selling Power Back to Utility Net metering utility power 10 kw, 23-ft rotor diameter, 100-ft tower Produces ~ 15,000 kwh/yr Offsets ~ 14 tons CO 2 /yr Costs ~ $35,000 Produces ~120,000 kwh/yr Offsets ~ 91 tons CO 2 /yr Costs ~ $150,000 Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

14 Typical Applications Farms, Homes, Businesses Off-Grid Water Pumping with Wind Supplementing Grid Power Supplies water for 120 head of cattle 1 kw, 9-ft rotor, 30-ft tower Produces ~ 2,000 kwh/yr Offsets ~ 1.5 tons CO 2 /yr Costs ~ $4,000 installed Connected to utility grid through house/farm wiring 3 kw, 15-ft rotor, 23-ft tower* Produces ~ 5,000 kwh/yr Offsets ~ 3.8 tons CO 2 /yr Costs ~ $10,000 * due to zoning restrictions (not recommended) Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

15 Net-metering for Grid-Connected Systems Bank excess energy with the local utility Meter spins backward; customer receives full retail value for each kwh produced Net excess generation (NEG) credited monthly or annually Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

16 Net Metering By State 25 kw 25 kw 15/150 kw 50 kw 100 kw 40 kw 25/125 kw 25 kw 20 kw 25/100 kw kw kw 500 kw 30 kw 1,000 No 10 kw kwh/ Limit 25 kw 40 kw mo 10 kw 10/500 kw 10/25 kw 1 MW 100 kw, 10 kw 10 kw 25,000 25/100 kwh/y kw 50 kw 25/ 100 kw 10/100 kw PV Only 100 kw 60 kw 25 kw 100 kw 2 MW 25 kw 80 kw 50 kw Monthly Net Metering Annual Net Metering Varies by Utility or Unknown None Revised: Feb 05 Individual Utilities Investor-Owned Utilities Only, Not Rural Cooperatives Investor-Owned Utilities and Rural Cooperatives

17 Net Metering of Renewable Energy Energy consumed immediately retail rate Load Excess energy used to offset consumption at another time retail rate Load Net excess energy (determined monthly or annually): retail rate, avoided cost, or given to the utility

18 On-Grid Wind System without Battery Storage Meter Inverter AC Wind turbine Load

19 Height or Distance Needed

20 Tower Height Matters Wind speed increases with height Small increases in wind speed result in large increases in power Tall towers often needed for clearance above obstacles (turbulence) May require a variance or a special use permit

21 Installation Costs Estimate $2-4/installed watt for typical system Smaller systems require smaller initial outlay, but cost more per watt Taller towers cost more, but help reduce the payback period A 4-10 kw system can meet the needs of a typical home Customers paying 12 cents/kwh or more for electricity with average wind speeds of 10 mph or more can expect a payback period of 8-16 years Slide Courtesy of The American Wind Energy Association

22 SAFETY FIRST!

23 Books by Paul Gipe Credits/Resources The American Wind Energy Association American Electric Power Morey Wolfson

24

25