Energy Utilization. Briefing for Endesa November 3, Tom Reddoch Executive Director Energy Utilization

Transcription

1 Energy Utilization Briefing for Endesa November 3, 2008 Tom Reddoch Executive Director Energy Utilization

2 Energy Utilization Developing New Customer Solutions in a Rapidly Changing Electric Industry Environment Energy Efficiency Power Quality Electric Transportation Energy Storage & Distributed Generation 2

3 Energy Utilization Program and Team Energy Utilization Tom Reddoch Technical Advisory Services Electric Transportation Mark Duvall Power Electronics & Power Quality Energy Efficiency Omar Siddiqui Energy Storage & Distributed Generation Critical Power Rick Langley Brian Fortenbery Dan Rastler Distribution System Impacts Customer Power Quality Distributed Photovoltaics 3

4 Industry Trends and Needs Electric industry is shifting towards a customer focus again to face growing cost of production, limited production supplies, and rising environmental concern. PHEVs will create a paradigm shift as we move from petroleum to electricity utilities must manage this change. The industry needs new technology options for meeting state and federal mandates as well as regulatory pressures especially as it relates to energy efficiency. The use of storage technologies as an enabling technology for the electric system. Advanced analytical methods for analyzing energy, demand, and CO2. Written and verbal communications to inform key stakeholders for a changing electric utility environment 4

5 Efficient Use of Electricity/Energy Solar Energy Communication & Control Data Management Smart Meter The Consumer Production & Delivery PHEV Smart & Efficient Appliances Smart Thermostats Energy Storage Understanding Energy Requirements Quantifying Demand/Capacity Levels Meeting CO2 Specifications 5

6 The Expanded Scale of Energy Efficiency Traditional Energy Efficiency Measures Reducing carbon footprint by reducing use of electricity through higher efficiency Electrifying End Use Processes Reducing carbon footprint by replacing direct combustion of fossil fuel in end use processes with low carbon electricity Electrifying Transportation Reducing carbon footprint by replacing direct combustion of petroleum with low carbon electricity Significant Opportunity to Expand the Scale of Energy Efficiency 6

7 Action Framework Four Evolving Infrastructures 7

8 Local Energy Networks an Example Grid-Connected Consumer Portal 8

9 Appliance Efficiency: Codes and Standards Decrease in Energy Use for Three Major Appliances (Source: S. Nadel, ACEEE, in ECEEE 2003 Summer Study, 9

10 Electrifying End Uses: Heat Pump Example 41% Reduction in Energy and 32% Reduction in Carbon Footprint Power system losses based on average U.S. generation mix, AFUE: Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency; COP: Coefficient of Performance DOE EIA Annual Energy Review

11 Electrifying Transportation: Significant Opportunity to Expand the Scale of Energy Efficiency Mid Size ICE Vehicle Replaced with a Mid Size PHEV20 11

12 Energy Efficiency Demonstration Project A 6-pack of Hyper-Efficient Technologies for high profile field demonstrations designed to fundamentally change how energy is used in U.S. buildings Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning Efficient Data Centers LED Street and Area Lighting Heat Pump Water Heaters Ductless Residential Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners 12 Hyper-Efficient Residential Appliances

13 Living Lab: Outline Living Lab is a platform that does the assessment of various efficient and smart devices capable of communicating to a power management system. Energy display device PCT Advanced meter ADR gateways Advanced lighting technologies 13

14 Energy Display Devices 14

15 Information Is Critical to Energy-Use Decisions Habits of residents greatly affect energy use Feedback helps customers understand the cause-effect link Time between action (behavior) and consequence (resulting energy use and cost) is very important Feedback most useful when accompanied by goal ($ savings, prevent blackouts, reduce carbon emissions) 15

16 Residential Energy Display Devices Residential energy display devices can be used to: Display total power consumption in a household or selected circuits Display total energy usage over a billing cycle Display current cost per hour Calculate predicted electricity bill Two types of display devices exist, relative to utility meters: Independent devices: power/energy measured from current and voltage sensors in the circuit panel Dependent devices: power/energy data read directly from the meter - applies to analog, digital, and AMI smart meters (including pre-paid meters) 16

17 Energy Savings from Direct Energy Use Feedback 4 15% per compilation of available data in 2000 (Darby) 6.5% average in Hydro One 529-home, 2.5-year study (Mountain, 2006) 12% average among 55,000 prepayment customers at Salt River Project (WSJ, 2007) Hydro One PowerCost Monitor w/ electromechanical meters, flat rates 17

18 Home Energy Displays (Meter Independent) Energy Consumption Monitor ($249) by Brultech. Clip-on CT sensors attach to circuit panel; voltage is measured from wall outlet. Display hard-wired to circuit panel, so it cannot be moved around the home. Based on pre-programmed fixed electricity price; will calculate projected electricity bill. Cent-O-Meter ($180) by Cenergies Unlimited. Clip-on CT sensors attach to circuit panel; no voltage sensing available. Movable in-home display with wireless communications to CT sensors. Based on pre-programmed fixed electricity price; does not show cumulative readings. 18

19 Home Energy Displays (Meter Independent) The Energy Detective ($140) by Energy, Inc. Clip-on CT sensors attach to circuit panel; voltage is measured from circuit panel. Display communicates to circuit panel sensors via power line carrier; can be plugged into any outlet. Based on pre-programmed fixed electricity price; will calculate projected electricity bill. The Meter Reader ($215) by Energy Monitoring Technologies. Clip-on CT sensors attach to circuit panel; voltage is measured from wall outlet. Display hard-wired to circuit panel, so it cannot be moved around the home. Based on pre-programmed fixed electricity price; will calculate projected electricity bill. 19

20 Home Energy Displays (Meter Independent) Wattson ($260) by DIY Kyoto. Device communicates wirelessly with clip-on CT sensors and voltage sensors at the circuit panel. Has computer connectivity for displaying trends and graphs of energy usage. Designed for United Kingdom; displays cost in Pounds/year. 20

21 Home Energy Displays (Meter Dependent) PowerCost Monitor ($135) by Blue Line Innovations. Optical-read sensor attaches to outside of existing household meter. Movable in-home display with wireless communications to sensor. Based on pre-programmed fixed electricity price, the device estimates total energy cost. EMS-2020 by USCL Corporation. Moveable in-home display with wireless communications to smart meter. Two-way communications (RF network), between utility and EMS-2020 can handle dynamic pricing. Part of AMI system; requires meter replacement. 21

22 Home Energy Displays (Meter Dependent) MorePower Single by More Associates. Device communicates wirelessly with smart meter (for United Kingdom). Measures whole-home energy usage. Limited number of build-to-order units are available. MorePower Multi by More Associates. Device communicates wirelessly with smart meter (for United Kingdom) and with remote sensors for individual circuits. Measures whole-home energy usage and several selected appliances/circuits. 22

23 PCT Programmable Communicating Thermostat (Smart Thermostats) 23

24 PCT: Proliphix Made by Proliphix. Has on-board Ethernet port to communicate to the LAN. Has on-board web-server; so users can globally log into the thermostat and program it. API codes are available. Thus it can be used in any standard programming language platform such as VBASIC. 24

25 PCT: Carrier Comfort Choice Made by Carrier. Connects to the pager board through wires, and the pager board is connected to the control server wirelessly. Managed by two individual servers: one for users, other for utility. Utility has the privilege to monitor the status of the thermostat. 25

26 PCT: Carrier Thermostat s Operational Diagram SkyTel 2-way Paging Network Carrier Thermostat Pager Antenna Internet Central Air Unit or Heat Pump Furnace & Fan Carrier ComfortChoice Manager Secure Server & Database 26

27 Automated Demand Response (ADR) Gateways/Controllers 27

28 System 1 Price Signal Price Signal 28

29 Examples of existing hardware and communication setup: Eminer from Integrys Based on system 1 29

30 System 2 Price Signal Price Signal 30

31 Examples of existing hardware and communication setup: Load controller from RTP Controls 1. Receives the load shedding/management signal from the central server. 2. Has on-board relay contacts for load management. 3. Can generate voice output to notify any load change. Based on system 2 4. Does no have any on-board intelligence to implement the shedding/management algorithm. 31

32 Smart Meters (AMI) 32

33 AMI Meters: Elster ( Model: Rex (single phase residential), A3 Node (3- phase commercial). Status: Commercially available since Features: Remote connect/disconnect, 2-way RF communications of all meter data. Protocols: Zigbee and ANSI C12.19 compliant, to be ANSI C12.22 compliant. Add-ons: Zigbee compliant In-home display and thermostat (Target availability in Fall 2007). 1-way water meter and gas meter reads. 33

34 AMI Meters: Itron ( Model: OpenWay Centron (single phase residential meter) Status: Targeting commercial availability in Q and price not exceeding $150. Features: Remote connect/disconnect, 2- way RF communications. Protocols: Zigbee and ANSI C12.19 compliant, to be ANSI C12.22 compliant. Add-ons: Zigbee compliant In-home display Ethernet connection option KYZ pulse output (future option so C&I customers can interface meter with instrumentation systems) 34

35 Advanced Lighting Technologies 35

36 Advanced Lighting Technologies Demo Rack High-Efficiency and Dimmable Lighting Lighting technologies Fluorescent (linear) Fluorescent (CFLs) High-intensity discharge LED Lighting types Tubular Edison-based Street light Hi-bay Recessed Task Controls 0 to 10 V twisted pair DALI (digitally addressable lighting interface) Zigbee (coming) Internet-based High-efficiency Lower losses Higher efficacy Controllable Line Side Low-voltage control Wireless 36

37 Lighting Controls Analog (0 to 10 Vdc) First Standardized Non-Line Method Large commercial lighting loads can be controlled to reduce peak demand 0 to 10 Vdc analog control is standard for Electronic HID lighting Fluorescent lighting Increasingly used in LED lighting Case in point: watt electronic HID ballasts in retail store Reduce light levels by 15 %; reduces power by 35 watts per fixture Losses already reduced by 40 watts per fixture Total savings: 40 watts constantly 35 watts on demand Potential 75 watts per fixture: 67.5 kw minimum Input Power (Wrms) How Much Power is Reduced when Light is Reduced? Dimming Level (Vdc) µp-320 W Electronic HID 0 to 10 V 0 = 100 % Illum Light Output (Lumens) µp-400 W Electronic HID 0 to 10 V 0 = 100 % Illum 30 w atts equates to 4800 lumens Input Pow er (Watts) W 450 W Electronic HID Electronic HID 0-10 V Compatible 0 to 10 V Occupancy Sensor 0 = 0 % Illum Occupancy Sensor 37

38 Lighting Controls Light intensity Input electrical power 80 Light intensity/electrical power Slider Control 38