Formation of single/double Track

Transcription

1 Formation of single/double Track

2

3 Formation of track

4 Track

5 Stresses due to wheel load

6 Failure of formation Due to over stressed condition Poor construction Excessive moisture content of the filling material Weak sub grade material High ground water table Erosion or sliding of embankment Minimum formation top slope 1:20 to 1:40

7

8 Failures

9

10

11 Formation failures

12 Failure in track

13 Failures

14 Typical stress transfer

15 Failures

16 Slide failure

17 Slide failure

18 Slide failure

19 Slide failure

20 Slide failure

21 Slide failure

22 Superelevation

23 Degree of Curvature (Chord Definition) Degree of curvature D is defined as the central angle which subtends a 100 feet chord

24 For a 1 degree curve, R 50 sin(1/ 2) feet We have approximately, Where, D is the degree of curve or degree of curvature in degrees and R is the radius of curve in feet. D 5730 In the chord definition, the radius of curvature is inversely proportional to the degree of curvature. In other words, the larger the degree of curve, the shorter the radius; for example, the radius of a 1 curve is feet, and the radius of a 5 curve is feet. R

25 Superelevation

26

27 To counteract the effect of the centrifugal force, the outer rail of the curve is elevated with respect to the inner rail by an amount equal to the superelevation. A state of equilibrium is reached when both the wheels exert equal pressure on the rails and the superelevation is enough to bring the resultant of the centrifugal force and the force exerted by the weight of the vehicle at right angles to the plane of the top surface of the rails. In this state of equilibrium, the difference in the heights of the outer and inner rails of the curve known as equilibrium superelevation.

28

29

30

31

32 Double track formation

33 Railway station A place on a railway line where traffic is booked and dealt with and where an authority to proceed is given to the train Station may be flag or block, in flag station only traffic is dealt with and there is no arrangement to block the movement of train In block station no traffic is dealt with but a train cannot proceed further without obtaining permission from these station. This may be class A, class B or class C block station

34 Train station

35 Site selection Level ground and well drained Should have water supply Enough space for future extension It should not be at or near the curve on railway Station yard should never be situated on curves The site should be such that maximum permissible gradient can be obtained with out difficulty

36 Objective of train station

37 Station layout

38 Station design features For public For traffic For locomotive department General For public: booking office, platform, platform coverage, drinking water, lights, sanitary, bathroom, waiting room and retiring room, refreshment room, telephone.

39 Train station

40 Station

41 Train station For traffic: tickets issuing, checking luggage, signals for controlling trains, arrangement of cross over or overtake, platform, staff accommodation For locomotive: water, fuel for engines, cleaning/examining engines or vehicle, arrangement to accommodate the locomotive staff.

42 Train station General: have approach roads from surrounding, provision of clock, availability of coolies on the platform Types of train station: Wayside, junctions and terminals Wayside is for to cross an up and a down train or for overtaking of the slower trains Junction station is the one where branch lines meets main line, so arrangements are made for interchange of traffic also to clean and repair vehicle

43 Train station Terminals : the station at which the railway line or one of its branches terminates is known as terminal station or terminal junction. Hydraulic buffers are provided at the end. Additional facility such as servicing engines, marshalling tracks. The area is facilitated with restaurants, ticket office and with direct connection of roads

44 Platforms Passenger and goods platform Passenger platform: minimum 200ft by 12 ft, ramp, lighting, drinking water Goods platform: this is higher compare to passenger platform, have weighing facility, storage and shed.

45 Yards A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within definite limits for various purposes such as storing of vehicles, making up trains etc., over which movements may be made (not authorized by time table), subject to the authorized rules and regulation of signals Passenger yards Goods yard Marshalling yards Locomotive yards

46 Railway track maintenance Track should be such that trains may run over it safely at the heights prescribed speed Packing: Periodic overhauling and through packing or surfacing, Shovel packing Surface on curves Surface defects and remedies

47 Railway track maintenance Irregularities in alignment and their correction Variation in gauge and re-gauging Maintenance of ballast and boxing Cleaning track and weeding Screening ballast Drainage Maintenance of level crossing Maintenance and renewal of rails

48 Railway track maintenance Maintenance and renewal of sleepers Maintenance of fittings Programming work Track imprest Creep: causes and effect Pulling back Anchors or anti-creeper Track work for high speed

49 Creep Anchor to reduce creep: Anchors are fastened to the foot of the rail and bear against the side of the sleepers

50 Creep Anchor

51 Railway track maintenance Tidiness Obstruction on track due to sand, snow etc Fence-boundary marks Permanent way workshop Curves Superelevation Miscellaneous works

52

53 The French TGV is a conventional train. Speed from Lorraine-TGV to Champagne- Ardenne-TGV is km/h (173.5 mph)

54 Shanghai Maglev Train (Magnetic Levitation Train)

55 Shanghai Maglev Train or Shanghai Transrapid is a magnetic levitation train Chinese record speed of 501 km/h (311 mph).

56 Maintenance tools Pandrol Tools :Panpuller, Pansetter, Rail Turning Bar: Foot Straight Slewing Bar, Heel/Point Slewing Bar, Clipping Bar Tongs & Nips :Rail Tongs, Timber Sleeper Tongs, Timber Sleeper Nips, Concrete Sleeper Tongs, Steel Sleeper Tongs Hammers: Keying Hammer, Keying Hammer - Hickory Handle, Sledge Hammer - Hickory Handle, 14lb Sledge Hammer - Hickory Handle

57 Maintenance tools Hickory Handle, Fishplate Spanner, 36, 15" Fishplate Spanner Round-Nosed Digging Spade, Pad Scraper,Mills Clip Extractor

58 Measuring Equipment

59 Maintenance Tools

60

61 Maintenance tools

62 Maintenance tools Timber sleeper tongs Pandrol tool Timber nips Rail tongs

63 Maintenance tools

64 Maintenance tools Round nosed digging spade Fishplate nut locking spanner Pad Scraper Fishplate nut running spanner

65 Maintenance tools Keying Hammer

66 Maintenance organization For construction and maintenance in railway, there is Chief Engineer Then a number of divisions or districts under an Executive, District, or Divisional Engineer. A division or district is divided into sub-division in charge of resident Engineer or Assistant Engineer Permanent way inspectors are given charge of sections, the length of section again depend on the extent of work, average track is considered of 50 miles (single track).

67 Maintenance organization Inspectors may or may not have Assistants under them. Assistants are either incharge of the inspector s section or for generally helping the inspector Section gangs: the basic unit of organization for track maintenance is the gang length, in charge of a gang mate. The average length is 3 miles. Massed or Mobile gangs Special gangs

68 New methods of track const. Rail track construction machines rail threaders, tampers, fork grabs and various sleeper laying attachments to suit the different sleeper configurations Eight-sleeper layers eight-sleeper Octopus sleeper layers,

69 New methods of track const.

70 New methods of track const. Rail track maintenance services rail renewal, undercutting, sleeper replacement and ballast upgrade. track maintenance hi-rail is fitted with a rail threader, ballast broom, ballast plough, platypus, fork grab and under cutter.

71 New methods of track const. The method of sleeper replacement uses the Platypus attachment, which can be fitted with or without an inside clip-up ram to enable the inside clips on the sleeper to be secured as part of the operation rather than requiring a labourer to do this. This increases productivity while reducing labour costs. The Platypus is fitted to track excavators that sit ontrack while working. Using this method one can maintain an active work-site on a live track, maximising track time with minimal disruption to train time-tables. This offers our clients a very competitive and costeffective option to the more traditional methods.

72 New methods of track const.

73

74

75

76