Off Grid Power for ITS. Motivation Challenges Power analysis Off-grid power solutions Findings Outcomes Recommendations References

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Edmund Curtis
5 years ago
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1 ITS Canada Niagara Falls, ON June 2018

2 Off Grid Power for ITS Motivation Challenges Power analysis Off-grid power solutions Findings Outcomes Recommendations References

3 Motivation RWIS locations - in significant reporting locations but off grid Off grid power - lines too costly / unrealistic to extend Performance resiliency & efficiency: Internal combustion generator maintenance & parts Fuel cell - excessive maintenance Electrical components draw on power Footprint environment friendly with GHG reduction

4 Challenges Infrastructure 7 sites leverage existing propane tanks, infrastructure, electronics Power needs 50 W not large but significant for remote operations Component power consumption reduce budget for sensors, cameras, communication Power conversion eliminate to extent possible Heated equipment - tipping buckets, cameras ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

5 Power Analysis- Evaluation Approach Current power requirements - sensors, cameras, communication equipment, & electronics Alternatives - based on needs, climate, & availability Improvements - weather sensors, cameras, & communication equipment Findings - energy budget to meet power needs Operating scenarios - to reduce power consumption

6 Power Requirements - Current Device Remote Processing Unit Line powered Linux RPU Wind RM Young L RM Young MA RM Young Ultrasonic Cameras AXIS P1343 Network Camera Cohu 8546 Color Camera Cohu idome PTZ Camera Temperature/RH Sensor: Theis Yes / No Precipitation Sensor Power Consumption No sensors W Max V Max 110 W if all sensors are drawing at once 0.36 W 0.48 W 0.36 W 6.4 W, 12.8 with heater 13 W, 27 with heater 27 W, 104 W with heater 1.5 W 0.78 W

7 Power Requirements - Current Device Pavement Sensors & Temperature Probes Snow Depth Sensor: Judd Ultrasonic Precipitation Gauge: Nova Lynx IR Illuminator (Cantronix) Communications: KU-band transmitter Power Consumption 0.01 W 0.06 W 3 W, 400 W with heater Max 55 W 25 W

8 Power Analysis - Alternatives Fuel Cells: Acumentrics RP500 propane / 500W Efoy Pro 800 methanol / 45W FAA Aviation Weather Camera program: APRS World WT-10 Wind Turbine 1kW Global 5060 Thermoelectric Generator propane / 50W Solar Panels state of the science Electronics & Communication - simplification

9 Power Consumption - Improvements CR6 Datalogger Device Temperature/RH Sensor: HMP60 Communication: Raven X Cell Modem ClearM2M-S Cellular Amplifier Cameras Axis 1357-E Mobotix M15 Mobotix M24 Remote Monitoring Sixnet ET-5ES Ethernet Switch Remote Monitoring System RMS-300 Power Consumption No sensors W, operational to 50W Max 110 W if all sensors are drawing at once 1 ma average, max. peak 5 ma Dormant W, 2.5 W Receiving/transmitting 2.5 W Idle 3 W, Operating 12 W W or High PoE max 25.5 W < 4.5 W 6W, 12 W heated Max - 4 W 1.2 W

10 Power Analysis - Findings

11 Power Analysis - Findings Power Source Power Capacity (W) Capital Cost ($) Fuel Gas Rate (gal/kwh) Stion STN130 Thin Film Solar PC Panels 130 W $105 ea NA APRS World WT-10 Wind Turbine (24V with rectifier) mph & 12 VDC $4,000 NA Acumentrics RP500 Fuel Cell VDC $28, Efoy Pro 800 Fuel Cell VDC $21, Global 5060Thermoelectric Generator VDC $6,

12 Power Analysis - Findings Two upgrade options: TEG + solar panels = FAA model Solar + wind* Cameras - Power-over-Ethernet (POE) Communication equipment reduced power Wind generator* limited applications

13 Power Analysis - Findings Heated equipment: Replace cameras with POE non-heated cameras Replace heated tipping buckets with present weather detectors Operating scenarios: Limit camera images to daylight only IR illuminator timer for images

14 TEG + Solar Panel Solution Trojan 12 volt batteries hr rate 420 watts per hr for 20 hrs watt solar panels Charge controller Inverter / charger ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

15 TEG + Solar Solution ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

Solar / Wind Generator Solution Carmanah

Trojan 6 volt batteries 200 AH @ 20-hr rate 420

16 Solar / Wind Generator Solution Carmanah CTI-160 solar panels 160W 12 volt solar panels Trojan 6 volt batteries hr rate 420 watts per hr for 20 hrs APRS World WT10 Micro Wind Turbine * * Produces 4.5 m/sec Charge Controller Rectifier ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

17 Solar + Wind Solution ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

18 Outcomes Reliability - meets or exceeds all the power output and consumption projections Resiliency - no downtime related to TEG except for annual maintenance Efficiency TEG 300 gal/year GHG emissions: Minimized leakages Cleaner burn compared to internal combustion Reduced GHG: CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4, SO 2

19 Recommendations Upgrade Outback solar charge controller & integrate into remote power monitoring Remove absolute devices, relays, and circuit boards that are not being used that may be a power draw Schedule annual routine maintenance plus 6 month check Add battery storage and a second TEG for additional sensors, IR illuminator, or cameras Replace heated tipping bucket with present weather detector Complete an energy audit to fully understand the solar & TEG energy production and sensor energy consumption

20 Review Synthesis of Alternative Power Supply Thermoelectric Generator at Divide at Divide RWIS References Small Thermo Electric Generators Thermoelectric Generator in Alaska - TEG Pot Charger ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

21 References Power System Assessment at Blaquiere Point Road Weather Information System (RWIS), Kaktovic Enterprises, LLC, May 2018 Alaska DOT&PF Road Weather Information System (RWIS) Federal Aviation Administration Aviation Weather Cameras ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

22 Mendenhall Glacier Juneau Alaska ITS Canada Niagara Falls 2018

Review Synthesis of Alternative Power Supply

Review Synthesis of Alternative Power Supply http://aurora-program.org Aurora Project 2015-04 Final Report August 2017 About Aurora Aurora is an international program of collaborative research, development,