40% 27% 27% 15% cut in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels

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1 Performance Demonstration of HVDC substation equipment Demonstration der Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit von HGÜ Schaltanlagen Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 2018, 6 th & 7 th of March 2018 Uwe Riechert, Jenny Josefsson, Cornelis Plet, Semere Mebrahtu-Melake, Arman Hassanpoor PROMOTioN - Context European Commission energy strategy % 27% 27% 15% cut in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels share of renewable energy consumption energy savings compared with the business-asusual scenario electricity interconnection target 1

2 PROMOTioN - Context Why meshed grid? Different types of offshore users Consumers Producers Interconnectors Traditionally connected point-to-point, dedicated connection Lower utilisation Reliability offshore Mesh offers benefit PROMOTioN - Context Challenges Offshore requires cables & platforms Long cables require HVDC HVDC requires converters HVDC network requires HVDC control & protection system HVDC protection system requires HVDC switchgear / circuit breakers Transnational network Regulations Business models Financing = ~ 2

3 PROMOTioN Project organisation Work packages WP1 Requirements for meshed offshore grids - TenneT WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 WP15 WP7 Grid topology & Converters WTG Converter interaction HVDC Grid Protection Sytems Test environment for HVDC CB HVDC CB performance characterisation HVDC GIS Demonstrator Regulation & Financing RWTH Aachen DTU KU Leuven DNV GL UniAberdeen ABB TenneT WP13 WP14 WP16 WP9 WP10 Dissemination Project Management MMC Test bench demonstrator Protection system demonstration HVDC Circuit Breaker demonstration SOW DNV GL RWTH Aachen SHE Transmission DNV GL WP11 Harmonisation towards standardisation - DTU WP12 - Deployment plan for future European offshore grid - TenneT PROMOTioN - Demonstrators Demonstrators HVDC network control HVDC network protection HVDC circuit breakers HVDC gas insulated system MMC test bench RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany Multi-terminal test centre SSE Transmission Glasgow, UK KEMA High Power Lab DNV GL Arnhem, Netherlands KEMA High Voltage Lab DNV GL Arnhem, Netherlands 3

4 PROMOTioN The Project Partners HVDC Breaker 4

5 Principles of AC / DC interruption 15 ka in 100 km line = 11 MJ = 30 ton train at 100 km/h AC interruption: Capture the swinging mass in its outer position (current zero). Zero kinetic energy DC interruption: Oppose the motion of a linearly moving mass (counter voltage) HVDC circuit breaker stress analysis AC interruption Circuit breaker passive System imposes current System imposes TRV Test synthetically DC interruption Circuit breaker active CB determines current CB determines TIV Needs MW to test 5

6 HVDC circuit breaker topologies HVDC circuit breaker test requirements Dielectric testing Between terminals Support structure Operational testing Loss / resistance measurement Temperature rise Current withstand Current interruption testing Breaking Re-closing Special Current limiting Standard test circuits Non-standard test circuits 6

7 Implementation with mechanical circuit breaker with active current injection Frequency: 16.7 Hz Interrupting current: ±2 ka - ±16 ka Breaker operation time: 8 ms Voltage rating: 72.5 kv / 108 kv Energy dissipation: 1-4 MJ VI: Vacuum Interrupter HSMS: High Speed Making Switch C p : Capacitor L p : Reactor Achievements Triggered making gap Auxiliary SF 6 AC CB DCCB Control Panel HV and making vacuum interrupter switch Reactors Counter current injection capacitors Energy absorbing MOSA Laboratories 7

8 Hybrid HVDC Breaker (HHB) Design alternatives to meet technical requirements Hybrid HVDC breaker Hybrid HVDC Breaker Main Breaker HVDC Breaker Current Limiting Reactor Residual DC Current Breaker Ultrafast Disconnector Load Commutation Switch ~ X Time Loss Scalable Hybrid OK Very Low OK Semiconductor Very fast Medium OK Semiconductor HVDC Breaker Current Limiting Reactor VSC converter Residual DC Current Breaker Semiconductor HVDC breaker HHB Basic functionality Normal operation: Current flows in low-loss main branch Proactive control: Load commutation switch commutates current into Main Breaker, the Ultra-Fast Disconnector opens with very low voltage stress Fault clearance: Main Breaker switch commutates fault current into arrester bank 8

9 i HHB Breaking timeline Load commutation switch opens Fault UFD opens Main breaker opens I main breaker Fault clearance U DC I arrester I UFD t Firts test results 1,40E+02 1, 40E+01 1,20E+02 1,00E+02 1 ms 1, 20E+01 1, 00E+01 8,00E+01 6,00E+01 4,00E+01 8, 00E+00 6, 00E+00 4, 00E+00 v_mb(+) (kv) i_mb (ka) 2,00E+01 2, 00E+00 0,00E+00-2,00E+01 Time 1,02E-02 1,04E-02 1,05E-02 1,06E-02 1,08E-02 1,09E-02 1,11E-02 1,12E-02 1,13E-02 1,15E-02 1,16E-02 1,17E-02 1,19E-02 1,20E-02 1,21E-02 1,23E-02 1,24E-02 1,26E-02 1,27E-02 1,28E-02 1,30E-02 1,31E-02 1,32E-02 1,34E-02 1,35E-02 1,36E-02 1,38E-02 1,39E-02 1,41E-02 1,42E-02 1,43E-02 1,45E-02 1,46E-02 1,47E-02 1,49E-02 1,50E-02 1,51E-02 1,53E-02 1,54E-02 1,56E-02 1,57E-02 1,58E-02 1,60E-02 1,61E-02 1,62E-02 1,64E-02 1,65E-02 1,66E-02 1,68E-02 1,69E-02 1,71E-02 1,72E-02 1,73E-02 1,75E-02 1,76E-02 1,77E-02 1,79E-02 1,80E-02 1,81E-02 1,83E-02 1,84E-02 0, 00E+00-2,00E+00 Open UFD Fault current energy dissipated in arresters Ignite spark gap Open Main breaker Open Load Commutation switch 9

10 HVDC GIS HVAC / HVDC GIS Advantages HVDC GIS A DC-GIS installation can be built with a much higher degree of compactness and significantly lower sensitivity to ambient factors than with air-insulated switchgear (AIS). The most obvious cost-saving potential can be found on off-shore converter platforms where the required air-clearance for AIS leads to much larger and heavier off-shore structures. By using DC-GIS, the volumetric space of the switchgear installation can be drastically reduced e.g. by 70%- 90%. 10

11 HVDC GIS Components The HVDC-GIS technology spans a number of switchgear components, e.g.: Bus-ducts and high voltage DC conductors Disconnect- and earthing switches Bushings and cable terminations Current- and voltage measurement sensors Surge arresters HVDC GIS Work package organisation WP1 WP4 WP15 HVDC GIS technology demonstrator Task 15.1 Task 15.2 Defining specifications and long Develop monitoring and term testing requirements diagnostic method and applicability of SF 6 alternatives Task 15.3 Long term testing of the DC GIS equipment Task 15.4 Initiation of standardization activities for HVDC GIS design, testing and application WP11 11

12 HVDC gas insulated system technology demonstrator U1 C1 R 1 I U [mm] [s] E Field [1] U 2 C 2 R 2 I = U R d ( U ) + C dt e 0e r t = RC = s t = 0 ("AC" ) U C 1 = 2 U C 2 1 t fi ("DC") U 1 R = 1 U 2 R 2 AC U = 330 kv DC HVDC GIS - Verification Test for Insulators DC field [%] Ambient Temperature 40 C Ambient Temperature 20 C outer top outer side outer bottom inner bottom time [d] 99 % 95 % 90 % 12

13 HVDC GIS - Verification Test for Insulators DC field [%] Ambient Temperature 40 C Ambient Temperature 20 C outer top outer side outer bottom inner bottom time [d] 99 % 95 % 90 % HVDC GIS - Verification Test for Insulators Modeling Surface potential difference DU Measurement q = -90 q = -60 q = -30 q = 0 q = 30 4 kv time [h] 13

14 HVDC GIS - Demonstrator Insulation system test Prequalification test HVDC GIS demonstrator Set-up Bushing Busbar and connecting elements Zero flux sensor Heating transformers Disconnector and earthing switch RC divider Connection option for a second bushing 14

15 HVDC GIS demonstrator Test values Demonstrator Value Unit Pre-Tests Thermal calibration, Commissioning tests, PD, LI, SI Long-term test cycles with DC ± HL (AC equivalent) pu Rated superimposed LI / SI withstand voltage ± 0.8 pu Long-term test cycles with DC ± ZL pu Rated superimposed LI / SI withstand voltage ± 0.8 pu Final verification tests & additional tests HVDC GIS demonstrator - Diagnostic Monitoring PD-Monitoring UHF / Optics SF 6 density / pressure monitoring system Temperature monitoring system enclosure Heat current monitoring system Voltage (RC) / Current (ZF) 15

16 07/03/2018 Kick-off WP15 This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No PROMOTioN Newsletter BEYOND THE INBOX. GET UPDATED WITH OUR NEWSLETTER! Sign up for the newsletter This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No

17 APPENDIX DISCLAIMER & PARTNERS COPYRIGHT PROMOTioN Progress on Meshed HVDC Offshore Transmission Networks MAIL WEB The opinions in this presentation are those of the author and do not commit in any way the European Commission PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV GL Netherlands B.V. Utrechtseweg 310, 6812 AR Arnhem, The Netherlands Tel Web CONTACT Uwe Riechert Dr.-Ing. PARTNERS DNV GL Netherlands B.V., ABB AB, KU Leuven, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, EirGrid plc, SuperGrid Institute, Deutsche WindGuard GmbH, Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V., Affärsverket Svenska kraftnät, Alstom Grid UK Ltd (Trading as GE Grid Solutions), University of Aberdeen, Réseau de Transport d Électricité, Technische Universiteit Delft, Statoil ASA, TenneT TSO B.V., Stiftung OFFSHORE-WINDENERGIE, Siemens AG, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Universitat Politècnica de València, SCiBreak AB, Forschungsgemeinschaft für. Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.v., Ørsted Wind Power A/S, The Carbon Trust, Tractebel Engineering S.A., European University Institute, Iberdrola Renovables Energía, S.A., European Association of the Electricity Transmission & Distribution Equipment and Services Industry, University of Strathclyde, ADWEN Offshore, S.L., Prysmian, RijksuniversiteitGroningen, MHI Vestas Offshore Wind AS, Energinet.dk, Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission plc, SCiBreak AB ABB Switzerland Ltd, PGHV-TST, Elias-Canetti-Strasse7, 8050, Zurich, ZH, SWITZERLAND Tel uwe.riechert@ch.abb.com 17