APPLICATIONS TN Automated Sample Preparation for a Comprehensive Drug Research Panel from Oral Fluid Using Quantisal Device.

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1 Automated Sample Preparation for a Comprehensive Drug Research Panel from Oral Fluid Using Quantisal Device Sean Orlowicz Manager, PhenoLogix When not in the lab, Sean enjoys just about anything involving the outdoors: hiking, climbing, surfing, etc. He is especially at home in the mountains, being an avid skier and motorcyclist. Shahana Huq 1, Joe Sullivan 2, Daniel Spurgin 1, and Sean Orlowicz 1 1 Phenomenex, Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, CA USA 2 Tecan, Inc., San Jose, CA Overview Automation of clean extraction, high recovery oral fluid sample preparation method Sample prep with no human interaction or supervision High precision and accuracy for low and high QCs Introduction There is a growing interest in oral fluid testing over other test matrices such as urine and blood because it is non-intrusive, convenient, and observable making adulteration or substitution difficult. In our previous technical note ( TN100) we developed a unique sample preparation procedure that encompasses a wide range of illicit and pain management drugs that result in a very clean extract with high recovery. 1,2 Here, we extend our scope in automating the procedure by utilizing a liquid handler. The speed of data analysis has improved significantly in the past decade due to increased detection capabilities of mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. Despite these advances, the biggest time constraint in sample processing is the manual process around sample preparation. One survey attributes 61% of an analytical chemist s time is spent on sample processing 3. Automated liquid handling can increase lab productivity and circumvents human error. Sample Prep Automation The method, found on page 2, can be amenable to many different automation platforms. We selected single carrier configuration with inserts that process up to eight samples in parallel with industry standard 3 ml cartridges. This selection accommodates loading of 40 SPE cartridges simultaneously. Because all wash solvents used in the extraction steps for both acidic and basic compounds were the same, automation allowed for simultaneous extraction. For the elution solvent, the liquid handler loaded two elution solvent separately for the cationic and anionic sorbent media respectively. The duration and amount of positive pressure application to the extracted cartridges are all software controlled. Calibrators for the 7-point linearity curve were prepared by serial dilution of the spiked oral fluid. The curve spanned a total of seven concentration levels. The QC samples for extraction were prepared at two concentration levels. Addition of acidic (methanolic) solution to the eluted samples were necessary to prevent loss of free bases in the dry down step. Materials and Methods Reagents and Chemicals Analytical reference standards and human saliva were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX) and BioreclamationIVT (Chestertown, MD). The Quantisal oral fluid collection devices were obtained from Immunalysis Corporation (Pomona, CA). All other chemicals were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO). D.I. water via Sartorius arium Comfort II, courtesy of Sartorius Corporation (Bohemia, NY). Liquid Handling via Tecan Freedom EVO 100. (San Jose, CA) Methods Sample collection ml of saliva was pipetted onto the application tip of the oral fluid collection device. The saturated pad was then placed into the transport tube containing the buffer solution. Sample pretreatment The Quantisal applicator tip that absorbed about 1 ml of oral fluid was transferred to the transport tube containing the preservative buffer and left for 1 to 2 hours. The transport tube was placed directly on the automation platform. Liquid handler pipetted 0.5 ml from the top of the sample, to avoid transfer of debris onto the SPE cartridge. For additional technical notes, visit Page 1 of 8

2 SPE Method Step Basic analyte extraction Acidic analyte extraction Product Name: Strata -X-C, 30 mg in 3 ml cartridge Part No.: 8B-S029-TBJ 8B-S123-TBJ Strata-X-A, 30 mg in 3 ml cartridge Condition: 1 ml 100 % Methanol 1 ml 100 % Methanol Equilibrate: 1 ml DI Water 1 ml DI Water Load: Combine 0.5 ml of pretreated sample with 1 ml 1 % formic acid, mix/vortex 5-10 sec and load on Strata-X-C. Wash 1: 1 ml DI Water 1 ml DI Water Combine 0.5 ml of pretreated sample with 1 ml 1 % ammonium hydroxide, mix/vortex 5-10 sec and load on Strata-X-A. Wash 2: 1 ml Acetone/Water (50:50) 1 ml Acetone/Water (50:50) Dry down: Elute: 2-3 minutes under positive pressure 2 x 500 µl Methanol/Acetonitrile/ % Ammonium Hydroxide (5:5:2) 2-3 minutes under positive pressure 2 x 500 µl Methanol/Acetonitrile/ Conc Formic acid (50:50:5) Wash 3: 30 µl of 50 mm HCl/Methanol Dry down: Evaporate to dryness under gentle stream N 2 at C Evaporate to dryness under gentle stream of N 2 at C Reconstitute: With 125 µl initial mobile phase With 125 µl initial mobile phase Combine both fractions into a single autosampler vial LC/MS Conditions The LC/MS/MS method utilized a Kinetex Biphenyl 2.6 µm, 50 x mm column (Part No.:00B-4622-Y0) with a simple mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % formic acid in water and methanol. A fast LC gradient resulted in total run time of 5 min. The detection was carried out on a SCIEX API 5000 equipped with ESI source. For basic compounds the MS was operated under positive polarity and in a separate injection, all acidic compounds (except lorazepam) were analyzed in negative polarity. LC/MS/MS Conditions Positive ESI Panel Column: Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl Dimensions: 50 x mm Part No.: 00B-4622-Y0 SecurityGuard Ultra Cartridge: AJ SecurityGuard Ultra Holder: AJ Mobile Phase: A: 0.1 % Formic acid in Water B: 0.1 % Formic acid in Methanol Gradient: Time (min) % B Flow Rate: 500 µl/min Temperature: Ambient Injection Volume: 10 µl Detection: ESI+ Detection System: SCIEX API 5000 Negative ESI Panel Column: Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl Dimensions: 50 x mm Part No.: 00B-4622-Y0 Guard Cartridge: AJ Guard Holder: AJ Mobile Phase: A: 0.1 mm Ammonium formate in Water B: 100 % Methanol Gradient: Time (min) % B Flow Rate: 500 µl/min Temperature: Ambient Injection Volume: 10 µl Detection: ESI- Detection System: SCIEX API 5000 Page 2 of 8

3 Table 1. Precision, accuracy and linear regression data for analytes Analyte R 2 QC1 (ng/ml) % Accuracy (QC1) % CV (QC1) QC2 (ng/ml) % Accuracy (QC2) % CV (QC2) 6-MAM Aminoclonazepam α-hydroxyalprazolam Alprazolam Amitriptyline Amphetamine Benzoylecgonine Buprenorphine Citalopram Codeine Diazepam Fentanyl Fluoxetine Gabapentin Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Imipramine Lorazepam MDMA Meperidine Methadone Methamphetamine Methylphenidate Morphine Norbuprenorphine Nordiazepam Norfentanyl Norhydrocodone Noroxycodone Normorphine Nortriptyline O-Desmethyltramadol Oxycodone Oxymorphone Paroxetine PCP Pregabalin Sertraline Tramadol Tapentadol Zolpidem Zolpidem-p-carboxylic Butalbital Phenobarbital Secobarbital THC-COOH For additional technical notes, visit Page 3 of 8

4 Figure 1. morphine (1-300ng/mL); R= Figure 2. 6 MAM (0.1-30ng/mL); R= Page 4 of 8

5 Figure 3. zolpidem ( ng/ml); R= Figure 4. norfentanyl ( ng/ml); R= For additional technical notes, visit Page 5 of 8

6 Figure 5. butalbital (1-300 ng/ml); R= Figure 6. THC-COOH (0.5 ng/ml-150 ng/ml); R= Page 6 of 8

7 Results and Discussion Calibration curves for extracted samples in this study covered a range from 0.1 ng/ml to 300 ng/ml (Figures 1-6). At least five points per analyte were used for calibration curve. Beyond 300 ng/ml we encountered saturation of the MS for most of the analytes. Several analytes, zolpidem, norfentanyl, butalbital and THC-COOH (Figures 3-6), displayed non-linear curve. A quadratic calibration curve with 1/x weighting was applied to all analytes in this assay. Table 1 shows, the correlation coefficient value (R) in all cases were greater than The precision and accuracy for low and high QCs spanned from 3-15 % and % respectively for all four replicates at each concentration level. Conclusion Oral fluid is a complex matrix and LC/MS/MS analysis requires good recovery and a clean extract. Automated sample prep on a liquid handling robot helps rapidly increase throughput and reduce human error. This procedure provides good dynamic calibration range with good precision and accuracy with little human intervention. References: 1. S. Huq, S. Sadjadi, L. Snow; A Superior Sample Preparation of Comprehensive Drug Panel Analytes from Oral Fluid Collection Devices; Phenomenex TN S. Sadjadi, S. Huq, L. Snow; An Investigation into Removing the Excipients from Select Oral Fluids Collection Devices by SPE and LC/MS Detection; Mass Spec Application for Clinical Laboratory Conference, LC GC Editors. Overview of Sample Preparation LC GC November 01, 2015 Volume 33, Issue 11 (pg 46-51). Accessed on Sept 12, 2016 from overview-sample-preparation. Ordering Information Kinetex SecurityGuard ULTRA Kinetex Core-Shell HPLC/UHPLC 2.6 µm Minibore Columns Cartridges* Phase 50 x mm 3/pk Biphenyl 00B-4622-Y0 AJ *SecurityGuard ULTRA Cartridges require holder, Part No.: AJ Strata -X-C Format Sorbent Mass Part Number Unit Tube 30 mg 8B-S029-TAK** 1 ml (100/box) 30 mg 8B-S029-TBJ 3 ml (50/box) 60 mg 8B-S029-UBJ** 3 ml (50/box) 100 mg 8B-S029-EBJ 3 ml (50/box) 100 mg 8B-S029-ECH 6 ml (30/box) 200 mg 8B-S029-FBJ 3 ml (50/box) 200 mg 8B-S029-FCH 6 ml (30/box) 500 mg 8B-S029-HBJ 3 ml (50/box) 500 mg 8B-S029-HCH 6 ml (30/box) Giga Tube 500 mg 8B-S029-HDG 12 ml (20/box) 1 g 8B-S029-JDG 12 ml (20/box) 1 g 8B-S029-JEG 20 ml (20/box) 2 g 8B-S029-KEG 20 ml (20/box) 5 g 8B-S029-LFF 60 ml (16/box) 96-Well Plate 10 mg 8E-S029-AGB 2 Plates/Box 30 mg 8E-S029-TGB 2 Plates/Box 60 mg 8E-S029-UGB 2 Plates/Box Strata-X-A Format Sorbent Mass Part Number Unit Tube 30 mg 8B-S123-TAK** 1 ml (100/box) 30 mg 8B-S123-TBJ 3 ml (50/box) 60 mg 8B-S123-UBJ 3 ml (50/box) 100 mg 8B-S123-EBJ 3 ml (50/box) 100 mg 8B-S123-ECH 6 ml (30/box) 200 mg 8B-S123-FBJ 3 ml (50/box) 200 mg 8B-S123-FCH 6 ml (30/box) 500 mg 8B-S123-HBJ 3 ml (50/box) 500 mg 8B-S123-HCH 6 ml (30/box) Giga Tube 500 mg 8B-S123-HDG 12 ml (20/box) 1 g 8B-S123-JDG 12 ml (20/box) 1 g 8B-S123-JEG 20 ml (20/box) 2 g 8B-S123-KEG 20 ml (20/box) 5 g 8B-S123-LFF 60 ml (16/box) 96-Well Plate 10 mg 8E-S123-AGB 2 Plates/Box 30 mg 8E-S123-TGB 2 Plates/Box 60 mg 8E-S123-UGB 2 Plates/Box 96-Well Microelution Plate 2 mg 8M-S123-4GA ea 96-Well Microelution Plate 2 mg 8M-S029-4GA ea **Tab-less tubes available. Contact Phenomenex for details. If Phenomenex products in this technical note do not provide at least an equivalent separation as compared to other products of the same phase and dimensions, return the product with comparative data within 45 days for a FULL REFUND. For additional technical notes, visit Page 7 of 8

8 Australia t: +61 (0) f: +61 (0) Austria t: +43 (0) f: +43 (0) Luxembourg t: +31 (0) f: +31 (0) Mexico t: f: Belgium t: +32 (0) (French) t: +32 (0) (Dutch) f: +31 (0) Canada t: +1 (800) f: +1 (310) China t: +86 (0) f: +86 (0) Denmark t: f: Finland t: +358 (0) f: France t: +33 (0) f: +33 (0) Germany t: +49 (0) f: +49 (0) India t: +91 (0) f: +91 (0) Ireland t: +353 (0) f: Italy t: f: The Netherlands t: +31 (0) f: +31 (0) New Zealand t: +64 (0) f: +64 (0) Norway t: f: Puerto Rico t: +1 (800) 541-HPLC f: +1 (310) Spain t: f: Sweden t: +46 (0) f: United Kingdom t: +44 (0) f: +44 (0) USA t: +1 (310) f: +1 (310) All other countries Corporate Office USA t: +1 (310) f: +1 (310) Phenomenex products are available worldwide. For the distributor in your country, contact Phenomenex USA, International Department at Terms and Conditions Subject to Phenomenex Standard Terms and Conditions, which may be viewed at Trademarks Kinetex and Strata are registered trademarks, SecurityGuard and Giga are trademarks of Phenomenex. Cerilliant is a registered trademark of Cerilliant Corporation. BioreclamationIVT is a registered trademark of Bioreclamation-IVT Holdings, LLC. Quantisal is a registered trademark of Alere San Diego, Inc. DBA Immunalysis Corporation. Sartorius and arium are registered trademarks of Sartorius AG. API 5000 is a trademark AB SCIEX Pte.Ltd. AB SCIEX is being used under license. Freedom EVO is a registered trademark of Tecan Group AG. Disclaimer FOR RESEARCH ONLY. Not for use in diagnostic procedures Phenomenex, Inc. All rights reserved. TN _W Page 8 of 8