ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Transcription

1 Restricted UNDP/EGY/73/041 (Phase I) UNDP/EGY/81/007 (Phase II) Terminal Report ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Centre for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies in Engineering Sciences, Cairo University (Phase I) Centre of Engineering Research and Training, Cairo University (Phase II) Project Findings and Recommendations Serial No. FM R/SC/OPS/84/229( UN DP) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Development Programme Paris, 1984

2 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Centre for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies in Engineering Sciences, Cairo University (Phase I) Centre of Engineering Research and Training, h Cairo University (Phase 11) Project Findings and Recommendations Report prepared for the.government of the Arab Republic of Egypt by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (Unesco) acting as Executing Agency for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Development Programme

3 UNDTJ/EGY/73/041 (Phase I) u~~~/~cy/81/007 (Phase 11) Terminal Report FMR/ SC/Q PS/ 84/ 229 ( UND P ) 25 June Unesco 1984 Printed in France

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs I. INTRODUCTION Project Backgroud 11. PROJECT OBJECTIVES A. OBJIZCTIW OF PHASE I OF THE PROJECT Bo OBJECTIVES OF PHASE I1 OF THE PROJECT (1-6) 1-6 (7-9) MAIN ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUT IT. THE CEFTRE AM> INDUSTRY CO4PERATION (11-20) v. ACHIEYEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES (21-24) VI. RECOMMENDATIONS (25-30) APPENDICES APPEM)IX A Unesco Egperts and Consultants APPENDIX B Counterpart Staff APPEmDIX C - Study TOUS APPWIX D Intensive Short Courses for Ehgineers from Industry APPENDIX E - Long-term Courses Offered in the Postgraduate Propamme

5 ZGY/73/041 (Phase I) - Centre for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies in Ehgineering Sciences, Cairo University %Y/81/007 (Phase 11) - Centre of Engineering Research and Training, Cairo University TERMINAL REPORT I. INTRODUCTION Pro,ject Background 1. To assure wellqalified teachers at the postgraduate level and to maintain the quality of research, the law in the Arab Republic of Egypt (A.R.E) requires university professors to have postgraduate degrees. However, due to lack of research facilities in the universities, it has in the past been difficult to obtain such a degree, with the result that the number of qualified teachers was limited and the ratio of students to teachers was inordinately high. To overcome this, the Government provided a large number of' fellowships to train graduates abroad. Yet, apart from the heavy drain on the country's hard currency reserve, this programme was not totally satisfactory. Consequently, the Government decided to upgrade both university research facilities and the postgraduate programme. 2. Keeping in mind the vast industrialization to which the A.R.E. has committed it self, the Government decided that every technical training institution in the country should support this effort. It also decided that the postgraduate programme at the Ehgineering Faculty of Cairo University should be oriented towards the solution of industrial problems. Co-operation between universities and industries had previously been unsuccessful or two reasons. One was that the A.R.E*s major industries worked under licence agreements with foreign parent firms and thus these was little chance they would perform industrial research locally. The Government wanted these industries to be independent after these agreemen% expired and wanted the country to be prepared to tackle its own industrial problems in order to increase industrial production. The other reason for poor industry/university co-operat ion was the universities' lack of qualified teachers, researchers and modern facilities ,

6 ~ reduce A request for Technical Assistance was, therefore, submitted to UNDP in 1973, to overcome these bottlenecks. The project document for Phase I, "Centre for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies in Ehgineering Sciences, Cairo University", was drawn up and signed by UNDP and the Government on 23 September 1974 and by Unesco, as Executing Agency, on 25 November UNDP ageed to provide US$ 640,000 for equipment, study tour programmes and experts. The Government was to provide L.E. 872,140 in kind, in the form of space for the project, national faculty and staff and L.E. 52,000, in cash, for the renovation work and remuneration of those who would participate in the project. Activities began in October 1975 with the appointment of the Chief Technical Adviser, an expert in heat transfer and national professors in heat transfer, combustion, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics. The gzoject was to be an autanomoua.body under the supervision of Cairo University's Vice-President for postgraduate studies and research. The objectives were to upgrade the postgraduate programme, orient the research towards industrial or practical problems and institutionalize the relations with industry. h 4. The project had many initial problems. A long time was taken in deciding whether the equipment received, should be installed in. existing laboratories or at a central place. After this had been settled the modification of the allotted building took longer than expected. Due to a financial crisis in 1976, UNDP had to its contribution and as a result the required equipment could not be procured on schedule. In addition, the number of participating experts was reduced and short-term consultants were engaged for periods of a month or less, and for very specific purposes. These problems meant that it was not possible to attain all the. objectives as laid down in the original project document by the end of the prescribed period of four years and ten months. Hence, the project was extended until. the end of During the extension equipment was installed and the postgraduate programme was upgraded by the combined efforts of visiting consultants and national professors. Intensive short courses were developed and offered for engineers from industry. Three contracted industrial. research projects were started in the Centre. By the endb of Phase I of the project, the total UNDP contribution was US$ 933,424 and the Government's cash contribution amounted to L.E, 92,379. As it appeared likely that, given time and once the Centre's importance for research and training had been fully recograized, the project could achieve its long-term objectives, further technical assistance in the form of a Second Phase was recommended and subsequently approved The project document for Phase I1 (EGY/81/007 Centre of Ehgineering Research and Training, Cairo University) was signed on 28 January 1982 by the Government and Unesco and on 28 February 1982 by UNDP. It provided for two years of activity, with a total UNDP input of US$ 446,700 and a Government contribution These figures were modified of L.E. 45,000 in cash and L.E. 32,000 in kind. subsequent-ly and at the end of Phase I1 btmdp had contributed US$ 399,968 and the Government L.E. 43,550 in cash.

7 -3-60 During Phase I1 consolidation of the central research facilities took place with more modern equipment to cater for postgraduate work and industrial consulting. More industrially-oriented research projects were begun as master and doctoral degree theses, Well-planned short courses were offered to engineers from industry. Some of the contracted industrial research projects were completed and more contracted research projects were started, During an evaluation meeting in this period, it was observed that the unit system of operation did not help to 1 attract more industrial projects, while much time was consumed in completing contracts due to industry's administrative procedures. To overcome these difficulties, administrative changes were made in the operation of the Centre and the 6 Board membership was modified to include high-level Government authorities. The Centre started obtaining consulting projects from other funding agencies such as the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and US AID, The Centre was able to establish good contacts with local industries through short courses and contracted consulting projects. As a result of these two principal activities, the Centre is now able to continue its activities without any external support, 11. PROJECT OEJECTIVES A. OBJECTIVES OF PHASE I OF THE PROJECT (EGY/73/041) 7 The project EGY/73/041, designated as Ventre for Advancement of' Postġraduate Studies in Engineering Sciences", had the following long-range and immediate objectives: Long-range objectives : To train postgraduates in engineering sciences with an industrial orientation in order to supply the demand of the research and development laboratories of industrial organizations of the A.R.E. and other Arab States, The project would also develop research and testing laboratories which could expediently and efficiently solve industrial problems of local industries. Thus, close co-operation with national industry for the application and adaptation of modern technology would be established, Immediate objectives : (i) To train graduate engineering science students in industrial and applied research for masters' degrees in their respective disciplines and eventually doctoral degrees so that they could qualify for positions in universities in the A.R.E. and other Arab States. (ii) To install and operate training and research laboratories in heat transfer, combustion, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University, These laboratories should cater to the needs of postgraduate research and industrial consulting

8 -4- (iii) To survey the needs of national industry in order to identify problems adversely affecting its development, and to propose and implement programmes for the solution of these problems with the support of the industrial sector. (iv) To establish, in co-ordination with other scientific industrial projects assisted. by UNDP in- th-e A.R.E., a programme to make better horn the services offered. by the Centre at Cairo University. B. OBJECTIVES OF PHASE I1 OF THE PROJECT (EGY/81/007) 8 The project EGY/81/007, designated as "Centre for Ehgineering Research ȧnd Training", had the following long-range and immediate obj'ectives: Long-range objectives : To improve and increase industrial productivity through manpower development. Immediate ob j ectives : (i) (ii) To consolidate research facilities in heat transfer, combustion, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics. To carry out industrially-oriented research projects. (iii) To increase productivity in selected industries. (iv) (v) To train engineers from industry to sxlt industrial needs. To strengthen links between the Centre and other similar centres in the A.R.E. and abroad. 9 The project thus had the dual purpose of institution-building and ėstablishing links With local industry MAIN ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUT f 10. To attain the objectives of this project, the following activities were carried out: i (a) Central research facilities were developed for research in heat transfer, combustion, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics at a cost of US$ 566,000. These facilities are now used for both postgraduate research and industrial consulting. Modern equipment was installed in the laboratories as follows:

9 -5- Heat transfer laboratory: potentiometers, wattmeters, power -variacs, precision pyranometer, scaling digital voltmeter, helium-neon gas laser and data logger. Internal combustion laboratory: high-speed camera, peak pressure indicator, heat pipes, quartz windows, oscilloscopes, stroboscope, window glasses, Schlieren apparatus, pressure transducers, diesel smooheter, temperature measuring units, electronic measuring units and dynamometer. Continuous combustion laboratory: infra-red gas analyser for CO, CO 2 and oxygen analysers, micromanometers, sulphur oxide analyser and ceramic tubes. Fluid mechanics laboratory: 300 Kw compressor unit, rotameters, optical bench, lenses, hotwire anemometer, pressure probes, stereo-microscope, micromanometers, 5-hole pitot tubes, special measuring devices, venturi tubes, solarimeter, torsion dynamomet&, rnultimeters, projection micromanometers and sound-level meter. Solid mechanics laboratory:.vibration-testing analysing recording units, ion plating unit, polariscope, demonstration polariscope, strainmeasuring unit, ultrasonic flaw detector and hydraulic power unit. All these laboratories are now being well used for postgraduate research and industrial consulting. (b) A small library was established with about 100 modern technical books and eleven advanced technical journals which are referred to constantly by postgraduate students. (c) Two experts and 20 short-term consultants were assigned to this project and completed the efforts of national professors in fulfilling project activities, The experts offered long-term courses as part of the postgraduate programme in radiating heat transfer, gas dynamics, mechanical vibrations and applied mechanical vibrations, with the objective of improving the course content foy industrial applications. This -trend is now continuing in most of the courses. (d) Five postgraduate courses were developed with the objective of upgrading them with more industrial applications. This trend is continuing in most of the postgraduate courses. (e) Twenty-four intensive short courses (one month each) were developed and resulted in the training of about 750 engineers. Some of these courses were requested by high-level enginews from industry to suit their needs.

10 -6- (f) Forty-two study tour programmes were organized for Faculty members participating in the project to Visit research institutions, laboratories and industries in Europe and the United States of America. conferences/ s eminm s (9) A conference on mechanical power engineering was held in February 1977, and a Cairo University conference on mechanical design and production was held in December 1979, for which the Centre provided finanaal support. These conferences were the first of their kind and now are held once every two years, A one-day seminar was held on 2 August 1978, in the course of which the Egyptian sector of the Combustion Institute was established. (h) About 50 industrially-oriented research projects were conducted as masters' and doctoral theses, using the Centre's central research facilities. The 50 students who participated are well-suited for employment in the A.R.E. universities and in industry, (i) The following industrial research and development projects were undertaken: _- - rational utilization of fuel in industry and reduction of the ill effects of excess sulphur in local fuels; - testing of facilities for diesel engines; - design modification of diesel engines; - minimization of wear in the cylinders of railway diesel engines ; minimization of wear in phosphate pumps; - optimization of the design of railway coaches; noise reduction in window-type air-conditionen, PV. THE CENTXE AND INDUSTRY CO-OPERATION A, INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS 11, Several industries in and around Cero were visited by the Director and his colleagues, the experts and consultants to survey the problems facing industry. Five problems were identified and contracts were signed between the Centre and the industries concerned to solve these problems. Members of the Centre and consultants were also involved in solving industrial problems financed by other agencies such as the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and US AID. The foll.owing is a brief description of these industrial problem. i...

11 -7- Rational utilization of fuel in industry and reduction of ill-effects of sulphur in local fuels (contracted with the Ministry of Electricity and Power) \ 12. Combustion monitoring instruments (CO, CO and O2 analysers) are not 2 used in industry and it was observed that boilers and furnaces were operated at unnecessarily high excess air levels, with a consequent loss of overall efficiency. The wasted fuel represented on a national basis some 50 million pounds per year (in the opinion of the consultant who visited the project and some of the industries). To solve this problem, continual visits were made to power stations in and around Cairo to suggest methods to improve boiler efficiency and output by properly adjusting the air-fuel ratio. The procedure was first to stop any air leakage in the boiler body by a process of gas analysis so that all the air would be involved in burning fuel. When the air-fuel ratio was properly adjusted, the efficiency of the boiler was increased to its design value. This process increased the boiler's efficiency by The Dew Point Meter was used for exact adjustment of the air-fuel ratio, The effects of various additives to fuel were studied in special test rigs installed in the Continuous Combustion Laboratory so that ill-effects of sulphur present in local fuels could be minimized. 13 As a result of this contracted research, both the output and the efficiency of one of the four Cairo power stations, Cairo South, were raised. The immediate outcome was that the Ministry of Electricity and Energy decided not to buy gas turbine generating units costing 30 million pounds, because they were no longer needed to meet the power demand, Testing facilities for diesel engines (contracted with the Diesel Engine Factory, Helwan) 14 The Diesel Engine Factory was in need of facilities for routine testing of engines before they were sold. A list of specifications was prepared and the units bought and installed. Testing procedures and test sheets were prepared and the factory engineers trained in using the equipment. This improved quality control in the factory. Be-design of the existing engine into a supercharged version was also required, Studies revealed that it was uneconomical to redesign the exkting engine, so a new version with supercharging was recommended. Minimization of wear in the. cylinders- of railway diesel engines (contracted with the Egyptian Railway Authority) 'k 15. Wear in the cylinder liners of railway diesel engines was reported to be double that in the same engine types operating outside Egypt. A special tool was designed to measure the wear in the cylinder liners at different sections. About 120 cylinders were examined to define the wear area, Samples were prepared and examined under the microscope to differentiate between mechanical wear and corrosion wear. Complete analysis was carried out to define mainly sulphur, gwn, carbon residue and ash content. The effects of var-ious additives to fuel were

12 -8- studied to miriimize corrosion wear. The filtering system was examined to minimize mechanical wear. All these findings helped to increase the life of diesel engines in railways. Modification of diesel engine (contracted for Factory No. 909, ' Helwan) 16. Locally-produced diesel engines, with two flywheels, had problems concerning the governing system, lubrication and ribrations and thus could not compete with imported modern engines on the market. Some parts of this engine were redesigned and modified to minimize the above defects. The main modification was to have a single flywheel to save material and improve balancing. Vibration tests showed improvement in the new design and the factory agreed to produce this modified engine. Minimization of wear in two-phase phosphate pumps (contracted with The Phosphate Company, Hamrawen) 17. The Phosphate Company uses centrifugal pumps for transferring phosphate between sections. High phosphate-to-water ratios, high pressure ratios and salt water are used. The pumps were experiencing severe wear under these difficult operating conditions, which increased maintenance costs and decreased productivity. To minimize pump wear and consequently maintenance costs, a new screen system was designed using the cyclone principle to separate phosphate, which flows downward, while the water flows upward to the suction side of the pump. The pressurized water will flow through the ejector, creating negative pressure to suck up the separated phosphate again. This screen system is fitted with instruments and is undergoing tests of its effectiveness before its use is recommended to the factory. To optimize the design of railway coaches and to develop facilities to test coaches (financed by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology to SEMAF Co., Helwan) 18. Railway coaches are produced at SEMAF on an overdesign basis due to lack of modern design methodology and facilities to test the coach. In order to save material, stress analysis of various members in the side-frame and bottom-frames is to be carried out by the finite element method, using very accurate values for the section properties of these members. The number of sections of members that are exposed only to light stress can be reduced tu save material. The members of the side-frames have been classified according to the shape and size of their cross-sections. Very accurate formulae have been derived for their section properties, and computer programmes have been developed to calculate these properties. With the help of a mini-computes present in the Centre, all values of section properties have been calculated and tabulated to be used as data for finite element analysis. To develop facilities to test the coach, a list of major equipment needed has been prepared and enquiries have been sent to potential suppliers.

13 -9- Reduction of noise in window-type air-conditioners (financed by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology to Koldair Co., Giza) 19. To minimize noise levels in the window-type air-conditioners produced by Koldair Co., vibration tests were conducted on various parts of the unit. It was observed that the support systems of the fan motor and compressor units caused additional vibrations. When these support systems were redesigned with additional stiffners, vibration tests showed a remarkable reduction, which in turn reduced noise levels. Tests on noise caused by fluid flow, in the piping system and by the air-conditioner supports are under way, STUDY TOUR PROGRAMMES 20. Forty-two study tour programmes were arranged to allow Faculty members participating in Centre activities to visit research institutions and industries in Europe and the United States. The period of these programmes varied from 20 days to two months. These visits were very useful for Faculty members in helping them to improve postgraduate programmes, supervise and guide industriallyoriented postgraduate research theses and work on industrial consulting projects. They were also helpful in establishing contacts between the Centre axd organizations abroad, for example, firms such as Bechtel, General Electric, General Motors, Sulzer and Steinmuller, and research laboratories such as Oak Ridge and JUlich Nuclear Laboratories, During these study tours, senior Faculty members also interviewed scientists who could visit the Centre as consultants to help in specific ways. Study tour visits to leading companies helped materially in the design of coal power stations and coal slurry pipelines in the Sinai, and in establishing a coal research centre in Egypt, v. ACHIEVEMENT OF IIIIMEDIATE OBJECTIVES 21. All the immediate objectives laid down at the beginning of the project have been achieved, as noted in Section I11 of this report. z 22. With the provision of modern laboratories and the visits of experts and consultants, the postgraduate programme has been upgraded, postgraduate research theses have a greater orientation towards industrial applications, and staff members need not go abroad to obtain postgraduate degrees. Postgraduate students are now better suited to industrial work and university faculty positions in the A,R.E. and other Arab countries, The intensive short courses have increased the knowledge of engineers from industry and trained them for better service. 23 The needs of national industries have been surveyed to identify their problems and a number of industries have had problems solved and production increased. With the experience gained, Faculty members are in a better position to continue to tackle industrial problems through contracted research projects,

14 e Contacts have been established between this Centre and similar Centres in Egypt and abroad through the study tour programmes and the visits of shortterm consultants. VI. RECOMMENDATIONS 25 The staff of the Centre, being university faculty members, work at the Centre only part-time. Additional contracts with industry could have been signed had some staff members been full-time Centre employees. The Centre therefore should have a core of permanent full-time staff, for example,the Director, Deputy Directors and General Secretary. b 26. The Centre has potential for growth and can be of great help to industry in research and training. Because some measures of autonomy compatible with the expected growth in size and output may be necessary, it is recommended that the Centre become an autonomous body. 27 * Intensive short courses must be designed and selected to satisfy the needs of industry. Thus, each course should be evaluated by a small committee with the help of data collected from participants from the industry involved. 28 More qualified technicians must be recruited to the Centre for the maintenance and use of the new equipment installed in the various laboratories. 29 A system should be established in the Centre to ensure regular visits to industries to survey problems and initiate research and development projects to solve them by means of contracts. 30, The Centre should seek bilateral relations with funding bodies and organizations to provide funds for organizing study tours for faculty members participating in the Centre's activities. The library should be continuously supplied with books and technical journals.

15 APPENDIX A Unesco Experts and Consultants Name of Expert/ Consult ant country of Origin Field of Duration of Contract Specialization From To Experts Michel Saad Yellappa C. Das UoSoAm India Heat Transfer Solid Mechanics Consultants G, Youngbluth J. Swithenbank K, Bammert E. Lwnsdaine S.A.V. Swanson S. Michelfelder R.G,S, Skipper B. Braun V. Beglinger F.C. Lockwood Chung Hua Wu W.,FrBhling N. Gasporovic D.G. Teer W. Tabakoff K.P. Knoche S. Wittig C.H. SWdqviSt N. Afgan ROC, Baker Yugoslavia U.K. Combustion Combus tion Fluid Mechanics Solar Energy Bio-Engineering Combus tion Solar Energy Combus tion Combus ti on Combus tion Fluid Mechanics Nuclear Energy Fluid Mechanics Solid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Heat Transfer Combus tion Nuclear Energy Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics 12/02/78 01/04/ 78 22/09/78 02/11/79 21/03/80 23/03/80 13/04/80 25/04/80 26/10/80 14/12/80 o 2/02/a 1 22/11/81 19/12/81 28/12/81 15/03/a 2 07/1 o/a 2 04/10/82 17/1 o/8 2 14/1 l/a 2 22/11/a 2

16 APPENDIX B Counterpart Staff Position.I F.M. El-Mahallawy Amin Mubarak M.M. El-Kotb Sobhi Abdel Salam Mounir Hila1 A.S. Asfouri E. Khalil M.F. Elrifai Mustafa Kame1 Saher Koussa E. El-Mahdi Sami Marcos A. Fathy M.A. Salamoni -Sami Mihkail Director of the Centre Professor of Heat Engines Deputy Director of the Centre Professor of Combustion Deputy Director of the Centre Professor of Fluid Mechanics General Secretary of the Centre Professor of Combustion Professor of Heat Transfer Professor of Heat Transfer Dept. of Mechanical.Power Engineering Assistant Professor of Heat Transfer Assistant Professor of Heat Transfer Assistant Professor of Heat Transfer Professor of Combustion Associate Professor of Combustion Assistant Professor of Combustion Assistant Professor of Fluid Mechanics Assistant Professor of Fluid Mechanics Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering Head Dept. of Mechanical Design & Production Head Dept. of Mechanical Power Ehgineering

17 Appendix B cont'd Name Position M. El-Araby Galal Hassan G, Sherbiny S. Bayok Professor of Controls Dept. of Mechanical Design & Production Assistant Professor of Solid Mechanics Dept, of Mechanical Design & Production Assistant Professor of Solid Mechanics Dept. of Mechanical Design &Production Professor h

18 APPENDIX C Study Tours Name of Staff Member Area of Study Place of Study Period of Study From To i K.H. Khalil F.M. El-Mahallawy S.A. Farag Y.H. Kabil S. Bayoumi M.E. Moshen Heat Transfer Combustion Combustion. Mech. System Dynaxrli cs Mech, System Dynamics Mech. System Dynamics 08/75 08/7 5 08/75 07/75 09/75 U.S.A. 08/75 09/75 09/7 5 09/7 5 08/75 10/75 09/75 h Moshen Said S.A. Farag S.A. Farag F.M. El-Mahallawy MOM. El-XOtb E. El-Mahdi Amin Mubarak A. Fathy M. El-Sherbiny A.R. Ragab S.A. Farag Sahar Koussa Sobhi Abdel Salam Solid Mechanics Combus tion Combus tion Combustion Combus tion Combus ti on Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Solid Mechanics Solid Mechanics Combus ti on Combus tion Heat Transfer Udinej Italy 10/78 F.R.Go, Switzerland, 08/79 France, U.K. Sweden, Denmark, 08/80 Switzerland & F.R.G. F.R.G., France, 08/80 UoKo France, U.K., 08/80 FoRoGo F.R.G., France, 08/80 U, Km FmRoGo 07/80 France, U.K., 07/8 0 Switzerland, Greece U.K. 07/80 Udine, Italy 09/8 0 U.S.A. 08/81 Denmark, U.K., 08/81 Netherlands U.X. g F.R. Gap Yugos 1 avi a 09/8 1 12/7 8 09/79 10/8 0 09/80 09/80 09/80 09/80 08/80 08/80 10/80 09/81 09/8 1 09/81

19 Appendix C cont'd Name of Staff Member Area of Study Place of Study Period of Study From To Abdel Aziz Heat Transfer U.K., France, Netherlands Elasf ouri, A.s. Heat Transfer France Sami Mihkail Fluid Mechanics U.K., FoRoG,, France Sabry Baz Fluid Mechanics U.K. M.A. Salamoni Solid Mechanics 09/81 08/81 03/8 1 08/81 a7/81 10/81 09/81 09/81 ( /81 M+ El-Araby Solid Mechanics S.A. Farag Combustion F.M. El-Mahallawy Combus tion M.M. El-Kotb Combustion Amin Mobarak Fluid Mechanics M.A. Salamod Solid Mechanics M. E. El-Ar aby Solid Mechanics Sami Mourad Morcos Fluid Mechanics A.W. El-Dib Heat Transfer E, Khalil Heat Transfer U.K., F.R.G. F.R.G., France, SWi t zer land U.K., France, Net her lands U.K., Norway, F.R.G. U.Kc, F.R.G. Sweden, Norway, Denmark, F.R.G. UoKe, F.RoG.9 France U.K., F.R.G.,. 08/81 08/82 Q8/8 2 cs/8 2 07/82 07/ /82 0$/82 08/8 2 08/8 2 08/81 ( ) 09/82 09/82 09/82 08/82 07/82 (11-30) 08/82 09/82 08/82 (2-21) 09/8 2,' S.A. Farag M.A..Bahim Combustion Organiaat ion and Admini st rat ion G.D.R. Czechoslovakia Sweden 08/83 07/83 08/83 ( /83

20 APPENDIX D Intensive Short Courses for Ehgineers from Industry Title of the Course Number of Period of the Course Participants From To i New Techniques in Engines Gas Liquid Pipeline Design & Installation Furnace and Combustion Technology Gas Turbines Gas Turbines Boilers Numerical Methods in Mechanical Design Application of Vibration &Control in Mechanical Sys t ems Engine Testing Numerical Methods in Mechanical Design Oil and Gas Burners Power Generation from New and Renewable Energy Sources Solar Ehergy Thermal Process Steam Generators Gas Turbines Selection and Maintenance of Pumps, Rns and Compressors Numerical Technique in Mechanical Design Design and Operation of Pipelines and Networks Combustion Technology Applied to Boilers and Industrial Furnaces New and Renewable Energy Resources Combustion of Natural Gas and Coal New and Renewable Eaergy Resources Fluid Systems in Water and Sanitary Drainage Schemes /79 04/79 04/79 12/79 03/8 0 03/80 04/8 0 11/80 12/80 01/ 82 05/8 1 05/8 1 09/8 2 10/8 2 11/8 2 11/8 2 12/8 2 12/8 2 06/83 06/8 3 06/83 09/8 3 10/8 3 03/79 05/79 05/79 12/79 03/8 0 04/80 04/80 12/8 0 01/81 02/81 C8/8 1 o a;/8 I. 09/82 10/8 2 11/8 2 11/82 12/8 2 12/8 2 08/83 08/ /83 09/83 11/83

21 APPENDIX E Long-Term Courses Offered in the Postgraduate Programme Postgraduate Course Programme No. of Name of Expert Duration of Students Course Radiation Heat Transfer 17 Michel Saad Gas Dynamics 24 Michel Saad Mechanical Vibrations 30 Yellappa C. Das Applied Mechanical Vibrations 10 Yellappa C. Das