PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM

Transcription

1 PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM Abstract SRI INTERNATIONAL Mado Park, California Process Economics Program Report No. 170 SWEETENERS (September 1984) Low calorie and nonnutritive sweeteners, once used mainly for dietetic purposes, are now used in a wide variety of products. In the United States, for instance, the 1983 per capita consumption of low calorie and nonnutritive sweeteners on a sugar sweetness equivalent basis was about 9 lb, a 30% increase from 1980 and an 80% increase from This, however, still represented only about 7% of total sweeteners consumed that year. This report reviews the technology and presents the process economics for the production of the oldest commercial nonnutritive sweetener still in use in many countries, saccharin, and two relatively new low calorie and nonnutritive sweeteners, aspartame and acesulfame-k. Other low calorie and nonnutritive sweeteners such as cyclamates, dihydrochalcones, glycyrrhizin, high fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates, miraculin, monellin, perillartine, phyllodulcin, polyols, L-sugars, stevioside, sucrose chloro-derivatives and thaumatin are also briefly reviewed. PEP'83 WSF

2 Report No. 170 SWEETENERS by WING SIEN FONG September 1984 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM Menlo Park, California 94025

3 For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI programs specializing in marketing research. The CHEMICAL ECONOMICS HANDBOOK Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced in the United States and the WORLD PETROCHEMICALS Program covers major hydrocarbons and their derivatives on a worldwide basis. In addition, the SRI DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL PRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, product, and plant for the United States and Western Europe. ii

4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SUMMARY INDUSTRY STATUS ACESULFAME-K Chemistry Review of Processes Process Description Process Discussion Cost Estimates SACCHARIN Chemistry Review of Processes Process Description Process Discussion Cost Estimates ASPARTAME Chemistry Review of Processes L-Aspartic Acid L-Phenylalanine Aspartame Process Description Process Discussion Cost Estimates OTHER SWEETENERS Cyclamates Dihydrochalcones 122 Glycyrrhizin High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolyzates Miraculin (Miralin) Monellin Perillartine iii

5 CONTENTS 7 OTHER SWEETENERS (continued) Phyllodulcin Polyols (Polyalcohols) tf: L-Sugars.... Stevioside (Steviron) Sucrose Chloro-Derivatives Thaumatin APPENDIX DESIGN AND COST BASIS PATENT SUMMARY TABLES CITED REFERENCES PATENT REFERENCES '

6 ILLUSTRATIONS 4.1 Production Flow sheet Production Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production Cost Saccharin by the Phthalic Anhydride Process Flow sheet Effect of Credits for Crude p-toluenesulfonyl Chloride and Crude Mixed o- and p-toluenesulfonamide on Production Cost Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity On production 78 Aspartame Production sheet... FLOW Aspartame Production Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production Cost V

7 TABLES Summary of Economics for the Production of, Aspartame, and Saccharin U.S. Consumption of Sweeteners in Pounds Per Capita.... U.S. Consumption of Sweeteners in Poundage Preparation of Oxathiazinone Dioxides (Including Acesulfame) and their Intermediates Patent Summary... Production Bases and Assumptions Production Stream Flows Major Equipment Utilities Summary Total Capital Investment Capital Investment by Section Production Costs Direct Operating Costs by Section Bases and Assumptions Stream Flows Major Equipment Utilities Summary Saccharin Product Purity Requirements Total Capital Investment Vii

8 TABLES Capital Investment by Section Production Costs Direct Operating Costs by Section Saccharin by the Remsen-Fahlberg Process Production Costs L-Aspartic Acid Patent Summary L-Phenylalanine by Chemical Synthesis L-Phenylalanine Patent Summary Aspartame Production Patent Summary Aspartame Production Bases and Assumptions Aspartame Production Stream Flows Major Equipment Utilities Summary Total Capital Investment Capital Investment by Section Production Costs Direct Operating Costs by Section Cyclamates Patent Summary Viii