CHINA. Army. GENERAL Area... II,o8o,ooo sq. km. Population ( ) ,907,000 per sq. km. : 40.5 Length of railway lines (I926). 13,215 km.

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1 CHINA GENERAL Area..... II,o8o,ooo sq. km. Population ( ) ,907,000 per sq. km. : 40.5 Length of railway lines (I926). 13,215 km. I Army. A. Total armed forces consist ol one hundred and ten divisions. B. Effectives Officers... I00,000 Soldiers ,500,000 Officers in service of provincial Offices ,000 Gendarmerie Officers Gendarmes.... 4,000 Total... 1,607,400 C. Material in military servicel' Rifles ,000 Carbines.... I50,000 Field guns ,500 Mountain guns Automatic rifles ,000 Pistols... 70,000 D. Recruiting System: Service in the National Army is mainly voluntary for the present, though a form of conscription is enforced in certain provinces. The enlistment of soldiers is generally limited to the population of the interior provinces of China. Soldiers serve three years with the 1 As on January I, 1923.

2 CHINA colours, and then pass into the First Reserve for three years. During this period, they are supposed to put in a month's drill per annum. At the expiration of their service in the First Reserve, the men are drafted into the Second Reserve. Their obligation is then decreased to a month's drilling in alternate years. At the expiration of their time in the Second Reserve, the men receive their final discharge and are no longer liable to military service. Recruits must be between 20 and 25 years of age, must be at least 5ft. 6in. in height (except in the Southern Provinces) and must be able to lift a weight of about I33 lb. There is as yet no uniformity of systems for the training of noncommissioned officers. 299 II. Navy. LIST OF UNITS ( ) Protected Cruisers: I. Ying Jui (I912) 1 Normal displacement: 2,750 tons. Length: 330 feet. Beam: 42 feet. Max. load draught. 14 feet ii inches. H.P. 8,ooo = 22 kts. Guns: 2 6-inch, 4 4-inch, 2 I4-pdr., 2 torpedo-tubes (I8-inch). 2. Chao Ho (1912)1 Normal displacement: 2,600 tons. Length: 320 feet. Beam: 39 feet. Max. load draught: 14 feet. H.P. 8,ooo = 22 kts. Guns: 2 6-inch, 4 4-inch, 2 I4-pdr., 2 torpedo-tubes (I8-inch). 3. Hai Yung (1897) 2 Displacement, 2,950 metric tons. Length: Hai Chou (1897) 2 feet. Beam: 403/4 feet. Maximum draught: 5. Hai Chen (I898) 2 I9 feet. H.P. 7,500 = I9.5 kts. Guns : inch, 8 4.i-inch; I torpedo-tube (14-inch). 6. Hai Chi (1898) 2 Displacement: 4,300 tons. Length : 424 feet. Beam: 46 5/ feet. Draught: 6 3/4 feet. H.P. i7,000 = 24 kts. Guns : 2 8-inch, io 4.7-inch, 12 3-pdr., 5 torpedo-tubes (i8-inch). Destroyers: I. Chien Kang (1912) tons. Dimensions: 198 x 21.3 x 6 feet. Guns: 2. Tung An (I912) 2 2 I2-pdr., 2 3-pdr., 2 I8-inch tubes. 3. You Chang (I912) 2 4. Hu Peng, or No. 7 (1907-o8) 2 97 tons. Dimensions : 135 X I5.2 X 7 1/3 feet Hu E, or No. 8 (I907-08) 2 I8-inch tubes and 2 guns. 6. Hu Ying, or No. 9 (I907-08) 2 7. Hu Chun, or No. io (i907-o8) 2 8. Su, or No. 4 (I895) 90 tons. Dimensions: I44x I7x7 feet. 3 tor- 9. Chen, or No. 2 (1895) 2 pedo-tubes. 1 Date of completion. 2 Date of launching.

3 300 CHINA Torpedo- Boats i. Lieh, or No 3 (i895) t 2. Chang, or No. i (895) 62 tons. 3 torpedo-tubes. 2. Chzang, or No. I (1895)'1 Torpedo -Gunboats: i. Chien Wei (1902) 2. Chien An (1900oo) Displacement, 850 tons. 3. Fei Ying (1895).' Miscellaneous: 33 units (gunboats, river gunboats, transport, despatch vessels, training-ship, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS. Number Total Depreciated Number Tonnage Tonnage 2 Battleships and battle-cruisers.... Coast-defence ships and monitors... - Aircraft-carriers... - Cruisers and light cruisers... 6 I8, Destroyers and torpedo-boats... ii 1,862 - Submarines Miscellaneous craft ,928 2,128 Total tonnage of the fleet ,290 2,605 Date of launching. 2 Depreciated tonnage (on January ist, 1928), is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous vessels, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of i /20 per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of I/I7 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of i/i2 per annum from date of completion. 3 Under the heading Miscellaneous Vessels, only sloops, gunboats, river gunboats and despatch vessels are shown.

4 CHINA 30I NAVY bi 5 DISTRIBUTION (IN 0) OF TONNAGE OF THE NAVY AMONG THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF VESSELS in 1913, 1919 and I927 NOTE. Only units completely finished on the dates in question have been included ~ _. _.:... ' NUMBER AND TONNAGE (in thousands of tons) 53.l I I927 z z z Battleships.. Cruisers ,4 6 18,5 6 i8,5 Destroyers and torpedo-boats' 1. 8 o, 8 I I 1, 9 II 1, 9 ' Submarines... - Miscellaneous ,5 26 4, , Not including, fcr 1913, 3 destroyers (I,170 tons) launched in 19I2 but not completed in I9I3. 2 Gunboats, torpedo-gunboats and river gunboats. Not including for 19I9 a certain number of river gunboats which do not belong to the Chinese Navy but to the ~5. provincial government. ''.'.:."...'..:-'.': '.'--. i~ Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Submarines Miscellaneous and torpedo-boats

5 302 CHINA NAVY NUMBER OF UNITS AND TONNAGE in I913, i9i9 and I : ' ::::::i ^~:000 -I - : : I '::"'" jj ^ ^0000 Cruisers Destroyers and Miscellaneous torpedo-boats 1 1:For For the the graph graph 1928, 1928, read read instead instead of of

6 CHINA 303 NAVY TOTAL TONNAGE B0.000 Tons (ooo's omitted) I I III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. Estimated expenditure on military armameigs: The most recently est m'ted figure is 2o7,ooo000,030o Chinese dollars.