CHINA. GENERAL Area... II,o8o,ooo sq. km. Population (3-xII-27) ,787,000 Density per sq. km Length of railway system (I926). 13,215 km.

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1 CHINA GENERAL Area... II,o8o,ooo sq. km. Population (3-xII-27) ,787,000 Density per sq. km Length of railway system (I926). 13,215 km. Army.' A. Total armed forces consist of one hundred and ten divisions. B. Effectives Officers I00,000 Soldiers ,500,000 Officers in service of provincial offices... 3,000 Gendarmerie: Officers Gendarmes... 4,000 C. Material in military service: Total... 1,607,400 Rifles oo,o00 Carbines ,000 Field guns.. 2,500 Mountain guns Automatic rifles... 3,000 Pistols... 70,000 D. Recruiting System: Service in the National Army is mainly voluntary for the present, though a form of conscription is enforced in certain provinces. The enlistment of soldiers is generally limited to the population of the interior provinces of China. Soldiers serve three years with the As on January i, I923.

2 CHINA 309 colours, and then pass into the First Reserve for three years. During this period, they are supposed to put in a month's drill per annum. At the expiration of their service in the First Reserve, the men are drafted into the Second Reserve. Their obligation is' then decreased to a month's drilling in alternate years. At the expiration of their time in the Second Reserve, the men receive their final discharge and are no longer liable to military service. Recruits must be between 20 and 25 years of age. II. Navy. LIST OF UNITS (1928 and I929) NOTA. - The first date in brackets gives the date of the launching of the ship; the second that of its completion. The dash (-) signifies that the construction has not yet been completed or that the date of completion is not known. Protected Cruisers: i. Ying Swei ( ) Normal displacement : 2,460 tons. Length: Chao 2. Chao Ho (191-I912) Ho, 320 feet; Ying Swei, 336 feet. Beam: C. H., 39; Y. S., 39 Y2 feet. Max. load draught: 14 feet and 14 feet ii inches. H.P. 6,000ooo = 20 kts. Guns : 2 6-inch, 4 4 -inch, 2 3-inch, 2 torpedo-tubes above water (i8-inch). 3. Hai Yung (1897 ) Displacement, 2,950 tons. Length: 314 feet. 4. Hai Chou 1 (1897-) Beam: 403/4 feet. Maximum draught: 19 feet. 5. Hai Chen 1 (I898-) H.P. 7,500 = 19.5 kts. Guns: 3 6-inch, 8 4. i-inch; I torpedo-tube submerged (I 4 -inch). 6. Hai Chi (I898-) Displacement: 4,300 tons. Length : 424 feet. Beam: 465/6 feet. Draught: I6 % feet. H.P. I7,ooo = 24 kts. Guns : 2 8-inch, io 4.7-inch, I12 3-pdr., 5 torpedo-tubes -above water (i8-inch). Destroyers (12 in 1929 and ii in 1928) I. Chien Kang (1912) tons. Dimensions: 208 x 21.3 x io feet. H.P. 2. Tung An (1912) 2 6,000 o 32 kts. Guns: 2 3-inch, 4 3-pdr., 3. You Chang (1912) 2 2 i8-inch tubes. 4. Fei Ying (I895) tons. Dimensions : 2o x 30 x ii feet. H.P. 5,500 = 22 kts. 3 tubes above water. Torpedo-boats: I. Hu Peng, or No. 7 (I907-08) 2 97 tons. Dimensions : 135 X 15.2 X 7 ¼3 feet. 2. Hu Oah, or No. 8 ( ) 2 H. P. 1,200 = 23 kts. Guns : 3 14-inch tubes and 2 guns. 1 Refitted in Date of launching.

3 3Io CHINA 3. Hu Ying, or No. 9 (I907-o8) 4. Hu Chun, or No. io (90o7-o8) 5. Su, or No. 4 (1895) ' 9o tons. Dimensions: 144 X 17 X 7 feet. H.P. 6. Chen, or No. 2 (1895) ' 700 == i8 kts. 2 torpedo-tubes (i4-inch). 7. Lieh, or No (1897)' 8. Ciah, or No. 3 (1895)' 62 tons. 3 torpedo-tubes (i 4 -inch). 8. Chang, or No. I (I895)1 } Miscellaneous: 54 units (27 gunboats, i6 river gunboats, transport, despatch vessels, training-ship, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS. Number Total Depreciated Tonnage Tonnage, I9' Battleships and battle-cruisers... Coast-defence ships and monitors. Aircraft-carriers... Cruisers and light cruisers I8,500 18, Destroyers and torpedo-boats.. ii 12 1,862 2,708 - _ Submarines... Miscellaneous craft ,928 19,732 1,793 4,927 Total tonnage 36,290 40,510 1,955 4,927 1The depreciated tonnage is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous vessels a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of 1/20 per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of I/17 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of I /12 per annum from date of completion. -Depreciated tonnage on January Ist, I Depreciated tonnage on January ist, Under the heading Miscellaneous Craft, only sloops, gunboats, river gunboats and desoatch vessels are shown. 1 Date of launching.

4 CHINA 311 NAVY DISTRIBUTION (IN o) OF TONNAGE OF THE NAVY AMONG THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF VESSELS 1in I913, I919, I928 and I929 NOTE. - Only units completely finished on the dates in question have been included. NUMBER AND TONNAGE (in thousands of tons) I913 I919 1I ~~~~~~~0 Battleships.. - Cruisers I i Destroyers and 11 II 11 II I: H torpedo-boats 1 8 o.8 Iz I.9 II 'd ~ H..,,~;.: ~ ~ \..... _.Not including, for 1913, 3 destroyers (,17o tons) launched in 1912 but not completed in I9I 3. -'ilii ''2 Gunboats, torpedo-gunboats and river gunboats. Not including for i919 a certain number of river gunboats which do not belong to the Chinese Navy but to the provincial government ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;. : ;43,9! ,7 U'~~~~~~~~~~~~i a, i~ : Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Submarines Miscellaneous and torpedo-boats

5 312 CHINA NAVY NUMBER OF UNITS AND TONNAGE in I913, I9I9 and I o, I 20 2:o-20 0 I _: I.'"::l ' ct~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ : : j.:.~~~-.. : :..: i.-)~i~~i )~:. ~-:-::ll p ::~:3 Cruise.qt... oer 0n iclaeu ':": : ' i:.::! 12Q ' Cruisers Destroyers and Miscellaneous torpedo-boats

6 CHINA 313 NAVY TOTAL TONNAGE Tons (ooo's omitted) I Budget Expenditure on National Defence. Estimated expenditure on military and naval armaments: I War : Chinese dollars Ordinary expenditure... I29,588,829 Extraordinary expenditure... 78,243,653 Total ,832,482 The Marine: Ordinary expenditure... 9,194,482 Extraordinary expenditure ,024 Total... 9,379,5 Grand total ,211,988 1 The figures above have been taken from the China Year-Book, 1928.