JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES May, %,, [ 2 4 ] 44% [ 5 7 ], : ; : com

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1 23 3 Vol123 No JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES May, , 2, 1, 3, 1, 1 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ) : 50 : 44%,, 50 ; 3,,,,, : ; ; ; ; : P : A : (2008) , [ 1 ], [ 2 4 ] 44% [ 5 7 ],,,,,, ; : ; : : ( G ) ; ( ) : (1975- ),,,, E2mail: wangyanlin236@163. com

2 ( ), , [ 5 ] [ 8, 9 ] %,, ( 24. 1% ) ( 23. 0% ) ( 19. 2% ) 15% [ 5 7 ] 20 50, %, %, 25%, 3 1:, 20 50,, , 90 2: 20 60, : 20 50, m 3, ( ) m 3, m 3, 90,, 1, 20 90, 41. 7%, Fig11 D istribution map of decrease extent of base flow of the Yellow River in different zones between normal year and the 1990s

3 3 : 481 [ 6 ] 2. 3, 2,, : m 3, m 3 ; m 3, m 3 [ 5 ] m 3, m 3, 49%, ,,,, m 4 000, 2000 [ 10 ], [ 11 ],,,, 60% [ 12 ] 3, [ 13 ],,, 3. 1 [ 8 ], , 20 90, 12%;, 15%, 0. 8 [ 14 ] 0. 5 (,, ), ,, ( 1),,, ;, ( 2)

4 [ 5, 6] 1 Table 1 Correlativity between base flow of mainstream of the Yellow R iver basin and recip ient Q = 0. 42P Q = P Q = 0. 17P Q = 0. 36P Q = 0. 16P R [ 5, 6] 2 Table 2 Correlativity between base flow of tributaries of the Yellow R iver basin and recip ient ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Q = P Q = 0. 03P Q = P Q = P Q = P Q = P R ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Q = P Q = P Q = 0. 10P Q = P Q = P Q = P R ,, 20 60, 70 80,,, 90,,, ,,,, [ 14, 15 ], m 3 /a [ 12 ], m 3 /a [ 9 ], 31% ;, %, %, ( ) %, %, 60% ; 19% ; 11%, 20 80, %,,,,,,, :,

5 3 : 483,,,,, [ 16 ],,, 20 90, %, 37. 7% [ 6 ],,, m 3 /a [ 17 ],,, 40% 70%, 20 90, m,, 7 344m 3 /d,, ;,,, [ 11, 12 ],, , 20, 0. 45, ;, [ 5 ], , : 1998,,,,, 15 61m,,,, 1 3m,, 4. 92m 3 / s,, [ 13 ],, ,, ,,,,

6 [ 5 ] 20 70, (20 60 ) ( ) , ( 3),,, [ 5, 6] 3 Table 3 Change of base flow index due to water and soil conservation in the m iddle reaches of the Yellow R iver basin ,,, 4 (1), 44% 60%, 40%, (2) 50 3,,, (3),, (4),,,,, (5), :,

7 3 : 485 ( References) : [ 1 ],,. [ J ]., 2003, 58 (4) : [ X IA Jun, WANG Zhong2gen, L IU Chang2m ing. in China. Acta Geographica S inica, 2003, 58 (4) : ] The renewability of water resources and its quantification of the Yellow R iver basin [ 2 ],,,. [ J ]., 2000, 21 ( 2) : [ SH I Jian2sheng, ZHANG Fa2wang, Q IN Yi2su, et al. Ground water resources and main environmentgeologi2 cal p roblem s in the Huanghe R iver valley as well as some countermeasures. Acta Geoscientia S inica, 2000, 21 ( 2) : ] [ 3 ]. [ J ]., 2002, 57 ( 2) : [ YIN Guo2kang. Sus2 tainability of the Yellow R iver basin environment to development of water resources. Acta Geographica S inica, 2002, 57 (2) : ] [ 4 ],. [ J ]., 2002, 17 ( 2) : [ SHEN Zhen2yao, YANG Zhi2feng. Index system and method for assessingwater resources renewability of the Yellow R iv2 er basin. Journal of N atural Resources, 2002, 17 (2) : ] [ 5 ]. [ R ]., [W ater Resources Institute of Yellow R iver. Base2flow calculation and analysis. W ater Resources Institute of Yellow R iver, ] [ 6 ],,,. [ Z]. :, [WANG W en2ke, WANG Yan2lin, DUAN Lei, et al. Influence of variable factor to groundwater of Yellow R iver. Xi an: Chang University, ] [ 7 ],,. [M ]. :, [ L IN Xue2yu, WANG Jin2sheng, et al. Groundwater resources and renew ability in the Yellow river Basin. Zhengzhou: Huanghe W ater Resources Publishing Press, ] [ 8 ]. ( ) [ Z ]. [ Yellow R iver Conservancy Comm ission. W ater Resource Bulletin of Yellow R iver Basin ( ). ] [ 9 ],,. [ J ]., 1990, ( 1) : [ J IANG Shu2yun, L IU Xiu2juan, WANG De2xia. er, 2006, 28 (2) : ] Exp loitation and distribution of groundwater in Yellow R iver basin. Journal of Yellow R iv2 [ 10 ],,,. [ J ]., 2003, 22 (7) : [WAN L i, CAO W en2bin, ZHOU Xun, et al. Changes of the water environment in the headwater area of the yellow river and the cause for the zero2flow of the river occurring in winter. Geological B ulletin of China, 2003, 22 (7) : ] [ 11 ],,,. [ J ]., 2004, 13 (6) : [WANGW en2ke, WANG Yan2lin, YANG Ze2yuan, et al. Main geology environment ecological p roblem s in the Erdos Basin as well as some countermeasures. Journal of N atural Hazard, 2004, 135 (6) : ] [ 12 ],,,. [ J ]., 2004, ( 4) : [WANG W en2 ke, WANG Yan2lin, YANG Ze2yuan, et al. D iscussion of exploration and utilization prospect of groundwater in wind2sand north Shaanxi Province. Groundwater, 2004, (4) : ] [ 13 ],,,. [ J ]. E, 2004: z1. [WANG W en2ke, KONG Jin2ling, DUAN Lei. in China ( Series E), 2004: z1. ] et al. Analysis of interaction of surface water and groundwater in Yellow river basin. Science [ 14 ],,,. [M ]. :, [WANG W en2ke, WANG Yan2lin, DUAN Lei, et al. the Guanzhong Basin. Zhengzhou: Huanghe W ater Resources Publishing Press, ] Groundwater environment evaluation and renew ability measure in [ 15 ],,,. [M ]. :, [WANG W en2ke, WANG Zhao, KONG Jin2ling et al. Decision Support System of W ater Resources2Taking Guanzhong Basin as Example. Beijing: Science Press, ]

8 [ 16 ],,,. [ J ]., 2001, ( 11) : [ HOU Chun2mei, ZHANG Zhi2qiang, L IU Xiao2wei, et al. Eco2environmental p roblem in Yellow R iver sources region and corresponding solutions in sustainable development. China Population, Resources and Environm ent, 2001, (11) : ] [ 17 ],. ( ) [M ]. :, [ ZHANG Zong2hu, et al. Groundwa2 ter Evolution of China ( Shanxi Series). Beijing: Map Press of China, ] Change Character istics and D r iv ing Forces of Ba se Flow of Y ellow R iver Ba sin WANG Yan2lin 1, 2, WANG W en2ke 1, Q IAN Yun2p ing 3, DUAN Lei 1, YANG Ze2yuan 1 (1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chang University, Xi an , China; 2. D ivision of Geological Environment, Shaanxi Bureau of Land and Resources, Xi an , China; 3. Hydrology Bureau, Yellow R iver Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou , China) Abstract:Base flow is one of the p rimary parts of the river runoff. In this paper, through the a2 nalysis of base flow of 10 control stations on the mainstream and 15 tributaries from the 1950 s to 2000, the authors firstly analyzed the characteristics and driving forces of base flow of the main2 stream and tributaries of the Yellow R iver basin. The result showed that first, the base flow of the Yellow R iver is 44% of runoff of the Yellow R iver, and so it is important to maintain sustainable development of the river. Second, influenced by the natural change and human activity, base flow of the mainstream and tributaries of the Yellow R iver basin is down generally in the past 50 years, base flow of tributaries of the Yellow R iver basin is divided into three types as double2humped curve, single2humped curve and linear decrease curve, base flow between two stations of the ma2 instream of the Yellow R iver is mainly reduced in the m iddle reaches of the Yellow R iver. Third, base flow of the Yellow R iver has such eco2environmental functions as maintaining runoff, keep ing river eco2environment and imp roving surface vegetation. Reduction of base flow of the Yellow R iv2 er leads to negative eco2environm ental effect such as lake shrinkage, vegetation degeneration, ag2 gravating Yellow R iver cut2off. Forth, formation, developm ent and evaluation of base flow of the Yellow R iver are the integrative effect of natural factor and human factor. The result showed natu2 ral factor, mainly including p recip itation, decides the structure in time and space of base flow of the Yellow R iver basin. Human factor, including riverside pump ing, metal m ining, building res2 ervoir, soil and water conversation, exerts influence on increasing or decreasing base flow of the Yellow R iver. of human factors. Exp loitation and utilization of groundwater is the most important factor in all kinds The human activity is intense and frequent in the m iddle reaches and Datonghe river, Huangshui river basin of the upper reaches of the Yellow R iver, where the base flow of the Yellow R iver is reduced significantly. So, maintaining normal Yellow R iver condition needs scien2 tifically p rotecting and rationally exp loiting and utilizing base flow of the Yellow R iver. Key words: base flow; change rule; driving forces; Yellow R iver